Motors and Generators

First Hand Investigations from the Syllabus

N.B. Dont forget to list equipment needed for each
Perform a frst hand investigation to demonstrate the
motor efect
im! "o demonstrate that a current carrying #ire e$periences a
force in a
magnetic %eld and identify factors that a&ect this force.
'ethod!
(. Set up t#o retort stands. Suspend a coil of #ire bet#een
them and attach ends of #ire to a supply of ()* to
complete circuit.
). +lace magnets either side of coil. S#itch po#er on and
o& quic,ly -to avoid short.circuiting/ and observe any
movement of #ire.
0. *ary -one at a time/! strength and direction of current1
strength and direction of magnetic %eld1 number of coils
in the %eld.
2esults!
Increasing the %eld strength or current increases the
magnitude of force on #ire.
2eversing %eld strength or current reverses direction of
force on #ire.
Increasing number of coils or %eld strength increases
magnitude of force.
"heory! current.carrying #ire in a magnetic %eld e$periences a
force. Direction
of force can be determined by right.hand palm rule1
magnitude of force can be calculated by F3BIlsin
Perform an investigation to model the generation of an
electric current by moving a magnet in a coil or a coil
near a magnet (Faradays experiment)
Plan choose e!uipment or resources for and perform a
frst"hand investigation to predict and verify the efect on
a generated electric current #hen
$he distance bet#een coil and magnet is
varied
$he strength of the magnet is varied
$he relative motion bet#een coil and magnet is
varied
im! "o model Faradays second e$periment -i.e. demonstrate that
relative movement bet#een magnet and coil generates electric
current/ and determine factors a&ecting the generated current
.
'ethod!
(. Set up a solenoid and attach each end to a
galvanometer.
). *ary one at a time! strength1 speed and direction of
magnets1 distance bet#een coil and magnet1 moving
part -ie. 'ove coil to#ards magnet1 then magnet
to#ards coil/
0. 4bserve the a&ect of each scenario on the
galvanometer.
2esults! 2elative motion bet#een magnet and coil produces current
as there is a
change in 5u$. 6reater the change in 5u$1 greater emf 7 current
produced.
Factors a&ecting current production!
Faster velocity 3 more current
Decrease distance 3 more current
Increase B 3 more current
2everse direction of relative velocity 3 reverse direction
of current
8hich ob9ect moves ma,es no di&erence
Plan choose e!uipment or resources for and perform a
frst"hand investigation to demonstrate the production of
an alternating current
im! "o model the production of :.
'ethod!
(. Set up a solenoid so tube is vertical and attach both
ends to a galvanometer.
). Drop a magnet do#n solenoid and observe e&ect on the
current produced as measured by the galvanometer.
0. *ary strength of magnet1 and speed at #hich it is
dropped -attach to a string for easier vie#ing/ and
observe e&ect.
2esults! 8hen the North +ole approaches solenoid1 current produced in
one direction. t the half #ay point1 there is ; emf1 after #hich the
North +ole recedes so the current is produced in opposite direction.
Perform an investigation to model the structure of a
transformer to demonstrate ho# secondary voltage is
produced
im! "o model the structure of a transformer and transform electricity.
'ethod!
(. Set up t#o solenoids -#ith di&erent numbers of coils/
connected by a laminated iron core. ttach one solenoid
to a D: supply1 and the other to a galvanometer.
). S#itch the D: supply< on and o& quic,ly and observe
e&ect on the galvanometer.
0. :ompare input voltage and current #ith output voltage
and current.
2esults! 8hen D: supply is turned on and o&1 galvanometer in second
coil registers current. If the secondary coil had more turns the output
voltage #as higher than the input1 and conversely if secondary had
less coils1 output voltage is less than input. Note. electricity #as only
transformed #hen current #as changing -i.e. there is a change in 5u$/1
#hich is #hy turning on and o& is necessary.
<lternately1 : supply can be used.
Perform an investigation to demonstrate the principle of
an %& induction motor
im! "o demonstrate the principles of an : induction motor using bar
magnets and a pendulum consisting of a metal sheet.
'ethod!
(. Set up a free.hanging ruler as a pendulum #ith a sheet
of conducting metal attached to the end. +lace bar
magnets either side of the conducting sheet.
). 'ove the magnets relative to the conductor and
observe e&ect on the conductor.
2esults! "he conducting sheet #ill follo# the magnets.
:onclusion! "his is because the eddy currents produced in the sheet
metal #ill 5o# in a
direction such that it opposes the change that caused them.
Since it is a decreasing magnetic %eld -as magnet is moving
a#ay/ the sheet metal #ill set up currents to try and attract the
magnets bac, and because the conductor is on a free pivot1 it
follo#s the magnet. "his is the principle used in induction
motors1 but instead of physically moving the magnets1 a circular
electromagnet is supplied #ith three.phase current so the North
+ole rotates. "his causes the conductor to rotate in a circle. N.B.
:onductor and magnet cant move at same speed1 other#ise no
relative movement1 hence no eddy.currents produced.