26/6/2014 27 IPv6 Tunneling | CCNPLESSONS

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27 IPv6 Tunneling
MO7SIN 03/06/2012 7 COMMENTS

An IPv6 address
2001 :0DB8 : AC10 :FE01 :0000 :0000 :0000 :0000
Zeroes can be omitted
2001 :0DB8 : AC10 :FE01 ::
(in hexadecimal)
0010000000000001:0000110110111000:1010110000010000:1111111000000001:
0000000000000000:0000000000000000:0000000000000000:0000000000000000
Tunneling
In order to reach the IPv6 Internet, an isolated host or network must use the existing IPv4
infrastructure to carry IPv6 packets. This is done using a technique known as tunneling, which
encapsulates IPv6 packets within IPv4, in effect using IPv4 as a link layer for IPv6.
IP protocol 41 indicates IPv4 packets which encapsulate IPv6 datagrams. Some routers or network
address translation devices may block protocol 41. To pass through these devices, you might use
UDP packets to encapsulate IPv6 datagrams. Other encapsulation schemes, such as AYIYA or
Generic Routing Encapsulation, are also popular.
Conversely, on IPv6-only internet links, when access to IPv4 network facilities is needed, tunneling
of IPv4 over IPv6 protocol occurs, using the IPv6 as a link layer for IPv4.
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Automatic tunneling
Automatic tunneling refers to a technique where the routing infrastructure automatically
determines the tunnel endpoints. Some automatic tunneling techniques are below.
6to4 is recommended by RFC 3056. It uses protocol 41 encapsulation.Tunnel endpoints are
determined by using a well-known IPv4 anycast address on the remote side, and embedding IPv4
address information within IPv6 addresses on the local side. 6to4 is widely deployed today.
Teredo is an automatic tunneling technique that uses UDP encapsulation and can allegedly cross
multiple NAT boxes. IPv6, including 6to4 and Teredo tunneling, are enabled by default in Windows
Vista and Windows 7. Most Unix systems implement only 6to4, but Teredo can be provided by
third-party software such as Miredo.
ISATAP treats the IPv4 network as a virtual IPv6 local link, with mappings from each IPv4 address
to a link-local IPv6 address. Unlike 6to4 and Teredo, which are inter-site tunnelling mechanisms,
ISATAP is an intra-site mechanism, meaning that it is designed to provide IPv6 connectivity
between nodes within a single organisation.

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