1

BEST PRACTICES FOR BUILDING ULL

NETWORKS
PROGRESSION LOW LATENCY NETWORKS
FIBER DATA NETWORKS
(ANALOG/DIGITAL)
ON COPPER
MESSENGER SERVICES,
PHYSICAL/HAND DELIVERY
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PRE-1970S 70-80s 90s-TODAY
over
$4B
market
globally
NEXT STEP IN LOW LATENCY PROGRESSION:
MICROWAVE
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MICROWAVE IS FASTER THAN FIBER AND IS QUICKLY BECOMING
DEFACTO STANDARD FOR ULTRA LOW LATENCY TRANSPORT
microwave uses more direct routes
(less distance)
propagation is 30% faster over air
Functional, viable, practical. ???
WHAT IS USABLE LATENCY?
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Weather
(rain,
propagation)
Reliability
Installation
Sites and
Acquisition
Number
Hops
Path Design
and
Regulatory
Issues
Network
Management
Co-Existence
with Fiber
Security
Latency
BUT MICROWAVE IS COMPLEX AND NEW TO
FINANCIAL SERVICES
3 ULL MICROWAVE QUESTIONS
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Full size image
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RELEVANT TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS

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Equipment Latency
Payload Interface
Serialization Delay
Modem Technology
End-to-End Latency
Repeaters
RF and Modem Performance
Operational Considerations
WHERE DOES LATENCY GO?
On a standard latency microwave link

0.39%
7.00%
19.26%
30.82%
38.52%
3.85%
0.15%
SHORT FRAMES (64)
Interface Speed
Switching &
Serialization
Transfer Buffers
Interleaving
Encoding/Decoding
Mod/Demod
Analog Front End
5.13%
44.07%
10.57%
16.91%
21.13%
2.11%
0.08%
LONG FRAMES (1518)
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PAYLOAD INTERFACES AND SERIALIZATION DELAY

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Ethernet Interfaces


L1 Interfaces (STM1/OC3)


Proprietary L1 Interfaces (Clock and Data)
MODEM TECHNOLOGY

Forward Error Correction



Modulations and Bandwidths

Diversity Protection
Improves link availability and hence low latency availability
Adaptive Modulation and Adaptive Coding Latency Increase
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FEC Method
Linear and Iterative
Convolutional Codes
Algorithm
LPDC, Turbo Codes
Viterbi
Latency
High
Medium
Block Codes
No FEC
Reed Solomon
- - -
Low*
Lowest
SG Imp.
High
Good*
None
Good
BW
30 MHz
40 MHz
Mod
1
6

Q
A
M

3
2

Q
A
M

50 MHz
1
2
8

Q
A
M

6
4

Q
A
M

2
5
6

Q
A
M

Q
P
S
K




LOW LATENCY (OBVIOUSLY)

SO HOW DO WE REDUCE THE LINK LATENCY?
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- High speed interfaces
- Use small frame sizes
- Early packet forwarding
- Reduce buffering wherever possible
- Eliminate Interleaving
- Reduce or eliminate FEC
And equipment/box latency is easy to
understand/measure, but
~10-20 s
BOX
THE REAL METRIC IS END-END LATENCY
(THIS IS WHERE IT GETS COMPLICATED)
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Exchange
And best ways to lower end-end MW latency
BOX
Exchange
BOX
BOX
BOX
BOX
REDUCE NUMBER AND COMPLEXITY OF THE HOPS

INTRODUCTION OF THE REPEATER CONCEPT
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- Latency in Nx10 ns
- RF Repeater
- Limited RF Options
- Mask Limitations
- IF Repeater
- Frequency Agile
- Mask Limitations
- Digital Repeater
- Frequency Agile
- Usually No Mask Limitations

Regenerator
Node
Regenerator
Node
Repeater
Node
Repeater
Node
30% reduction
Regenerator
Node
Repeater
Node
Repeater
Node
Regenerator
Node
Repeater
Node
Repeater
Node
Regenerator
Node
Repeater
Node
Repeater
Node
Regenerator
Node
Repeater
Node
Regenerator
Node
ADAPTIVE REPEATER TECHNOLOGY
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Ultra Low
End-End
Latency
Low End-End
Latency
(still better
than fiber)
99% of time
1% of time
RF AND MODEM PERFORMANCE

WHERE DOES IT HELP?
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Link Distance
Number of Hops
Link Availability

Techniques include:
- Tx Power
- Rx Sensitivity
- Diversity


Antenna Size
Number of Repeaters



- FEC Coding
- Rx Threshold
- Higher Quality Oscillators

Ultimately all revolves around having better System Gain !!!
QUANTIFY RF / MODEM PERFORMANCE
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Example: Chicago rain zone, 99.999 Availability, 6 Ft Antenna, 64QAM

Frequency Band
6 GHz
11 GHz
Std System Gain
51.6 Miles
35.1 Miles
+3dB
55.8 Miles
38.5 Miles
AND MANAGING THE RELIABILITY /
LATENCY TRADEOFF
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End-End
Latency
Path Uptime
Low Latency
High Latency
99.999% 90%
Good News: with
new innovations,
best of both worlds
can be achieved
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SO THATS LOW LATENCY
Thus a full featured microwave solution will be required
BUT what good is low latency if your network is:
BEST PRACTICE
FOR BUILDING LOW LATENCY
MICROWAVE NETWORKS:
FOCUS ON END-END LATENCY
USING A FULL-FEATURED
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MICROWAVE PLATFORM
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ULL MICROWAVE LIFECYCLE
And path planning is more than just GPS Coordinates and Google Maps!
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VALIDATE THE ROUTE
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Phase 1 - Planning and Design
Regulatory
Site Selection
Frequency Coordination and Acquisition
Transmission and Network Engineering
Site & Path Survey

Is the route viable?


SECURE THE SITES
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Site Acquisition and Construction
Site Acquisition and Leasing
Engineering and Drafting
Zoning
Utilities and Construction
System Engineering and Optimization
BUILD AND LAUNCH THE NETWORK
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Integration and Deployment
Configuration and Network Engineering
Factory Integration
Equipment Staging
Installation of Antennas, Lines & Ground
Equipment
Radio Installation and Path Alignment
Acceptance Testing & Commissioning
Commercial Launch
When the network is builtthen what?
Focus on what you do best and let Microwave experts keep the
network running at optimal speed and efficiency


Peace of Mind!
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Functional, viable, practical. ???
MAXIMIZE PROFITABILITY OF THE NETWORK
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THANK YOU

AVI ATNETWORKS.COM