Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
+
+
+
=
+
+
=
1
1
R
R R
V
V f
i
o
+
o
f
i
.v
R
R
v
e L A
Loop1
+ -
Loop2
+ -
4
Inverting circuit
10
1
10
1
0
= = =
k
k
R
R
v
v
f
i +
-
R
f
=10k
R
1
=1k
V
i
V
o
V
n
V
p
i
i
V
d
Inverting Amp
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
Unity gain Amplifier
+
-
V
i
V
o
Gain 1.
High input impedance.
Low output impedance.
1
1
1
1
1
1
0
+
=
+
=
+
=
G
H
G
GH
G
v
v
i
1 H
1 gain feedback so
=
= =
o n
v v
Summing amplifier
+
-
R
f
R
1
V
1
V
o
V
n
V
p
i
1
i
f
V
2
R
2
i
2
( )
2 1
2 1
2
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2 1
If
v v
R
R
v
R R R
R
v
R
v
R v
R
v
R
v
R
v
i i i
f
o
f o
f
o
f
+ =
= =
=
+ =
p n
i
V as potential same at the y effectivel is V so infinite is Gain Assume
infinite is R Assume
Summing Amp
Audio mixer
Summing junction of a feedback system
Simple calculations eg temp rise:
Measure Ambient
Measure Temp of equipment
Subtract. OR (Invert and Add)
5
Labviewdemo of summing amp Summers
Useful for combining signals.
Allows the creation of many very useful
control signals.
..Examples
Differential amplifier
Use Superposition
First set v
i
+
=0 and solve for v
o
Then set v
i
-
=0 and solve for v
o
Then combine.
+
-
R
f
R
1
V
1
V
o
V
i
-
R
2 V
i
+
V
2
R
3
+
=
= =
i
f
o
i
V
R
R
V
V
1
1
amp inverting is circuit and 0 V then 0
+ +
+
+
=
= =
+ =
+ =
=
i
f
i
f
f f
o
f
i
f f
o
i
V
R
R
V
R R
R
R
R R
V
R R R R
V
R R
R
R
R
V
R
R
V
V
1 1 1
1
1 2 3
3 2
3
1
1
1
3 2
and Make
1 1
divider. R , R extra with
amp inverting non is circuit then 0
( )
+
=
i i
f
o
V V
R
R
V
1
Combining
Common Mode vs Differential
Mode Voltages
Differential
Amplifier
V
o
=G((V
1
+V
cm
) - (V
cm
-V
2
))
= G(V
1
+V
2
)
V
cm
V
1
V
2
V
1
+V
cm
V
cm
-V
2
Vout =(Differential input voltage)*Differential gain)
+(CM voltage)*(CM Gain)
CMRR =20log((DM Gain)/(CM Gain)) in db
6
Labviewdemo of common
mode
FILTERS
Strainer???
Lets through some things and blocks out others.
Electrical signal filterslet through some
frequencies and block others.
High Pass
Low Pass
Band Pass
Band Stop
Low Pass
Filter
Transfer
Function
1
then 1 an greater th much is When
then 1 than less much is When
. 1
Function Transfer
. 1
.
1
.
1
.
Z
large A if
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
1
1
+
+
+
=
+
= =
+
+
= =
i
o
f f
f
i
o
f f
f f
f
i
o
f f
f
f
f
f
f
f
f
i
o
f o
n
V
V
R C
R
R R
V
V
R C
R
R C j
R
R
V
V
R C j
R
C j
R
C j
R
Z R
Z
Z Z
V
V
Z Z
Z
V
V
H
Here
+
-
R
f
C
f R
1
V
i
V
o
Low pass filter
Response
+
=
+
+ +
+
+ =
+
+
+
+ =
+
+
+
+
1
.
tan
1
.
tan
. 1
. 1
. 1
1
. 1
0 at is v assume us let v respect to with v of Phase
) . ( 1
1
) . ( 1
Magnitude
. 1
Function Transfer
1 -
1
1 - 1
1
1
1
o
i i o
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
f f
f
f f
f f
f f
f
o
f f
f
f f
f
o
f f
f
f f
f
i
o
f f
f
i
o
R C
R
R
R C
R C j
R C j
R
R
V
R C j
R
R
R
R C j
R
R
V
R C
R
R
R
R C
R
R
V
V
R
R C j
R
R
V
V
+
-
R
f
C
f R
1
V
i
V
o
BODE Plot Amplitude and Phase
1
10
100
1 100 10000 1E+06
Frequency w
A
m
p
l
i
t
u
d
e
-60
-50
-40
-30
-20
-10
0
Amplitude
phase
7
Inverting Low pass filter
0
then 1 an greater th much is When
then 1 than less much is When
. 1
1
. 1
1
1
1 1
0
+
=
+
= =
i
o
f f
f
i
o
f f
f f
f
f f
f
f
i
V
V
R C
R
R
V
V
R C
R C j R
R
R
R C j
R
Z
Z
v
v
C
f
+
-
R
f
R
1
V
i
V
o
V
n
V
p
Inverting Low pass filter response
+
=
+
1
.
tan 180
0 at is v assume us let v respect to with v of Phase
) . ( 1
GAIN
. 1
Function Transfer
1 -
o
i i o
2
1
1
f f
o
f f
f
i
o
f f
f
i
o
R C
V
R C
R
R
V
V
R C j
R
R
V
V