NAME OF THE ARCHITECT

CASS GILBERT
-American architect
-Born in Zanesville, Ohio
-Born on November 24, 1859
-Parents: Samuel Gilbert, Elizabeth Wheeler Gilbert
- named for a very prominent uncle, U.S. Senator Lewis Cass
-In 1868 Cass was 9yrs old when the family left Ohio to join his father
-Father- Works as a surveyor in St. Paul, Minnesota

-Elizabeth made sure that Cass and his two brothers would complete schooling
-1876- entered as draftsman in the office of Abraham Radicliffe
-Abraham Radcliffe- a St. Paul Architect

-1878 (after two years)- he entered Massachusettes Institute of Technology
-study architecture
-under William Robert Ware
-Summer of 1879- worked as a surveyor to earn money for his grand tour of Europe

-Jan 3, 1880- he left New York City ---for Liverpool , England
-with $420.00
-England , France, and Italy

-September 1880- returned to New York
-worked in prestigious architecture firm of McKim, Mead and white,
-serving as Standford Whites assistant

-1882- returned to St. Paul, Minneota

-1883- completed his first residential work in St. Paul
-his mothers house at 471 Ashland Avenue

-1885- he formed a partnership with James Knox Taylor|
Together their office would build residences, churches, office buildings, railroad stations and
commercial buildings in Minnesota, Wisconsin, the Dakotas, and Montana.
-1891- Gilbert and Knox dissolved their partnership

-1895- Gibert was selected to design the new state capitol in St. Paul, Minnesota
-1899- won the commission for the U.S. Custom house in New York
-His St. Paul office would remain open until 1910




-go onto build many buildings in New York:
the West Street Building,
the New York Life Insurance Company Building,
the New York Country Lawyers Association Building,
the Brooklyn Army terminal and ,
the U.S. Courthouse

-In 1913- He completed the Woolworth Building in New York City
(insert Woolworth pic)
-Woolworth Building would stand as the worlds tallest building for over a decade

His career continued all over America
-he worked on the capitol in Arkansas
-designed the West Virginia Capitol
-his last building was the U.S. Supreme Court Building in Washington D.C.

CASS GILBERT FAMILY HISTORY

-Cass Gilbert met- Julia Finch in New York City in 1880

-Cass was 21, and Julia was 18
-they would not meet again until 1886,
Julia was vacationing in Minnesota at lake Minnentokathis is where their serious relationship began.

-Long Distance CourtshipJulia was living in Milwaukee, Winconsin ,with her family
-- Cass was living in St. Paul ,with his mother

-November 24, 1886 (Casss 27
th
birthday)- engangement party at his mothers house (at 471 Ashland
Aveue , St. Paul

-Cass visits Julia in Milwauke , but mostly it was a courtship by letters
-They would write two to three letters a week

-1887-lived in the Albion apartment building (now bliar house)
at the corner of selby and western in St. paul
-1888- a cluster of row houses at Portland and Kent,
-they lived at 43332 Portland
-the birth of their first child, Emily

-1890- Cass built their first home at 1 Heather Place

They had four children: Emily, Elizabeth, Julia, and Cass Jr.

Elizabeth died at age 14 in 1904 of meningitis
Cass Jr. like his father, he became an architect
-He worked with his father on some of his major commissions and completed the U.S. Supreme Court
Building after his Fathers death
-1899- the Gilberts moved to New York City
-the family first lived on Central Park West in an apartment,
then moved to a more fashionable town house (Upper East Side of Manhattan)
-Cass resigned the house at 1 East 94
th
Street in 1921

-In 1907- Cass as an elected president of the American Institute of Architects,
-the Gilberts purchased a country house in Ridgefield, Connecticut.

Known as the Cannonball Housebecause of a cannonball lodged in one corner from a Revolutionary
War battle

Gilbert designed a special garden and garden house for Julia
-the house was sold in 1957 by their daughter Emily
-Keeler Tavern Museum as known as it is today
-the house sold by Emily
-open to the public
Julia- involved in many community events in NYC and Ridgefield
-co-founder of the Ridgefield Garden Club
-her work includes charitable organizations and relief work that helped French Children during
World war I
- and the Architects emergency Relief Fund that assisted unemployed architects during the
depression
Once Cass Gilbert was settled in New York City, the couple took annual trips to Europe
Julia was his constant companion.
-1925- during one of their European trips, They were granted an audience with British Royal Family.
-1934-Cass Gilbert died in Brockenhurst, England at the age of 74. Julia was at his side
The list of his most important buildings would only be long enough to prove him the most remarkable
architect of his generation in America
-Julia lived 18 more years and spent her remaining years in Ridgefield, tending her gardens and caring
for her family
-She died in 1952, aged 90




DESIGN CONCEPTS/ PHILOSOPHY
He believed architecture should reflect historic tradition and established social order, and this
conservative philosophy is evinced within the classic form and proportions of the West Virginia State
Capitol. As one of his final commissions, the West Virginia Capitol, with its golden dome of majestic
proportion, marble interiors, ornamental reliefs, and rich woodwork, remains a distinguished example
of noble simplicity in American architecture.
Cass Gilberts West Virginia State Capitol narrates the intricate story behind this architectural feat. Its
close examination of the design, construction, and execution of this commission not only reveals the
social, political, and financial climate of West Virginia during this period but also provides insight into the
cultural importance of this public building.
Gilbert was a conservative who believed architecture should reflect historic traditions and the
established social order.
His design of the new Supreme Court building (1935), with its classical lines and small size contrasted
sharply with the very large modernist Federal buildings going up along the National Mall in Washington,
D.C., which he disliked.
BEST WORKS:
As one of his final commissions, the West Virginia Capitol, with its golden dome of majestic
proportion, marble interiors, ornamental reliefs, and rich woodwork, remains a distinguished example
of noble simplicity in American architecture.
His design of the new Supreme Court building (1935), with its classical lines and small size contrasted
sharply with the very large modernist Federal buildings going up along the National Mall in Washington,
D.C., which he disliked.
United states Supreme court bldg
The building is under the jurisdiction of the Architect of the Capitol. On May 4, 1987, the Supreme Court
Building was designated a National Historic Landmark. It is one of a handful of National Historic
Landmarks which are not listed on the National Register of Historic Places.

-Battle Hall and Sutton Hall
Gilbert's two buildings for the University of Texas campus in Austin,) Sutton Hall (1918) and Battle Hall
(1911), are widely recognized by architectural historians as among the finest works of architecture in
the state.
Designed in a Spanish-Mediterranean revival style, the two buildings became the stylistic basis for the
later expansion of the university in the 1920s and 1930s and helped popularize the style throughout
the state.
-Woolworth Building was designed in the neo-Gothic style
-The building topped the record set by the Metropolitan Life Insurance Company Tower as the
world's tallest building
Cass Gilbert designed the buff limestone structure that was to have a final cost of just under $10
million. After the three stages of construction were completed, Governor William G. Conley
dedicated the capitol on June 20, 1932.
-Gilbert liked his design of the West Virginia chamber's interior so well that he reused part of
the design for the United States Supreme Court. The U.S. chamber is a larger version of the one
found in the West Virginia Capitol's East Wing.
BUILDINGS:
-chase building
-The allen memorial art museum at Oberlin college
- United states Supreme court bldg
-Woolworth Building
-Battle Hall and Sutton Hall

QOUTATION:
BEWARE OF OVER-CONFIDENCE; ESPECIALL IN MATTERS OF STRUCTURE
-CASS GILBERT











WALTER GROPIUS
-German architect
-Born in Berlin, German Empire
-was born on May 18, 1883
-died July 5, 1969
-died at the age of 86
-founder of Bauhaus School along with Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier and Franl Lloyd Wright

widely regarded as one of the pioneering masters of modern Architecture
-Walter Gropius
-Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
-Le Corbusier
-Frank Lloyd Wright

Walter Adolph Gropius was born in Berlin, Germany in 1883. He studied architecture in Munich and
worked in the office of Peter Behrens in Berlin. In 1910 he formed a partnership with Adolf Meyer.
The following year he designed the spectacular Fagus factory in Alfeld-an-der-Leine. Gropius followed
this with the Werkbund Exhibition Building in Cologne (1914).
Influenced by the ideas of William Morris, Gropius established the Arts and Crafts School in Weimar,
which became the world-famous Bauhaus. His revolutionary methods and bold use of unusual
building materials was condemned as "architectural socialism". The Bauhaus was forced to move to
Dessau where it was housed in a building designed by Gropius.
When the Nazis came to power in 1933 Gropius moved to England before emigrating to the United
States in 1937. He was professor of architecture at Harvard University (1938-52) and designed the
Harvard Graduate Center (1949), the American Embassy in Athens (1960), the University of Baghdad
(1961) and the Pan Am Building (1963). Walter Adolph Gropius died in 1969.









-Walter Gropius like his father and his great-unlce Martin Gorpius before him, became an architect
-
-Gropius could not draw and was dependent on collaborators and parter-interprets throughout his
career
-In school he hired an assistant to complete his home work for him
-1908-he found employment
-with the firm of Peter Berhens- one of the first members of the utilitarian school
Fellow employees- Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, and Dietrich Marcks
In 1910- he left the firm of Berhens together with Adolf Meyer
-together they share credit for one of the seminal modernist buildings created during this period:
Fagusawer in Alfed-an-der-Leine, Germany, a shoe last factory
-Although Gropius and Meyer only designed the faade, the glass curtain walls of this building
demonstrated both modernist principle that form reflects function
-Gropiuss concern with providing healthful conditions for the working class

In school he hired an assistant to complete his homework for him. In 1908 Gropius found employment
with the firm of Peter Behrens, one of the first members of the utilitarian school. His fellow employees
at this time included Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Le Corbusier, and Dietrich Marcks.
In 1910 Gropius left the firm of Behrens and together with fellow employee Adolf Meyer established a
practice in Berlin. Together they share credit for one of the seminal modernist buildings created during
this period: the Faguswerk in Alfeld-an-der-Leine, Germany, a shoe last factory. Although Gropius and
Meyer only designed the facade, the glass curtain walls of this building demonstrated both the
modernist principle that form reflects function and Gropius's concern with providing healthful
conditions for the working class. Other works of this early period include the office and factory building
for the Werkbund Exhibition (1914) in Cologne.
In 1913, Gropius published an article about "The Development of Industrial Buildings," which included
about a dozen photographs of factories andgrain elevators in North America. A very influential text, this
article had a strong influence on other European modernists, including Le Corbusier and Erich
Mendelsohn, both of whom reprinted Gropius's grain elevator pictures between 1920 and 1930.
[2]


Walter Gropius. Gropius contribution to architecture is that of an architect, philosopher and
educator. He was the founder of the Bauhaus, the German School of Building that embraced a
total art in the arts production and influence in the social context. This laboratory was an effort
to incorporate the elements of art, architecture, graphic design, interior design, industrial design, and
typography in its design, development and production.


BUILDINGS:
-Fagus factory
-Werk bound exhibition (1914)
-Bauhaus
-Gropius House
-University of Baghdad
-J.F. Kennedy Federal Building
-Pan Am Building

Bauhaus (literally "house of construction", stood for "School of Building".

BAUHAUS PHILOSOPHY
Bauhaus was led by Gropius starting 1919, just after WWI. It strived to combine all forms of art under
one roof: ceramics, weaving, painting, typography, sculpture, industrial design, interior design and
architecture. This holistic way of learning is important for learning to design. Whether it is a faucet or a
hallway, you must imagine how it will be perceived, used and age. Every design exercise must also
consider functionality, aesthetics and ease of use. Bauhaus was a school that had a solid comprehensive
design curriculum taught by leaders of modernism. It rapidly gained success and the works were
published all over the world.
QOUTATIONS:
Our guiding principle was that design is neither an intellectual nor a material affair, but simply an
integral part of the stuff of life, necessary for everyone in a civilized society

Architecture begins where engineering ends.
Specialists are people who always repeat the same mistakes.
If your contribution has been vital there will always be somebody to pick up where you left off, and
that will be your claim to immorality.