0 Bewertungen0% fanden dieses Dokument nützlich (0 Abstimmungen)
26 Ansichten25 Seiten
1) Moringa oleifera seeds can be used as a natural coagulant to remove turbidity from water, providing a viable alternative to alum.
2) Testing showed that Moringa oleifera seed extract was able to reduce turbidity by 63.6-93.1% at optimal dosages, with shelled and blended oil-extracted seeds performing better than shelled blended seeds.
3) While Moringa oleifera required higher dosages than alum, it provides a low-cost and sustainable option for water treatment in developing areas.
1) Moringa oleifera seeds can be used as a natural coagulant to remove turbidity from water, providing a viable alternative to alum.
2) Testing showed that Moringa oleifera seed extract was able to reduce turbidity by 63.6-93.1% at optimal dosages, with shelled and blended oil-extracted seeds performing better than shelled blended seeds.
3) While Moringa oleifera required higher dosages than alum, it provides a low-cost and sustainable option for water treatment in developing areas.
1) Moringa oleifera seeds can be used as a natural coagulant to remove turbidity from water, providing a viable alternative to alum.
2) Testing showed that Moringa oleifera seed extract was able to reduce turbidity by 63.6-93.1% at optimal dosages, with shelled and blended oil-extracted seeds performing better than shelled blended seeds.
3) While Moringa oleifera required higher dosages than alum, it provides a low-cost and sustainable option for water treatment in developing areas.
Water Treatment. Presented BY Majithiya H. M. Email: hmajithiya@gmail.com 2 Introduction Coagulation-flocculation followed by sedimentation, filtration and disinfection, often by chlorine, is used worldwide in the water treatment industry before the distribution of treated water to consumers (Peavy1995). However recent studies have pointed out several serious drawbacks of using Aluminiumsalts. Introduction Aim& Objectives Conclusions Observations & Data Interpretation Suggestions & Recommendations Methodology Materials & Methods 3 Introduction about Moringaoleifera It tropical plant belonging to the family Moringaceae. Seeds are brown, and the kernels are white Crushed whole seed or presscakeremaining after oil extraction as a coagulant for water and wastewater treatment. Introduction Aim& Objectives Conclusions Observations & Data Interpretation Suggestions & Recommendations Methodology Materials & Methods M. oleiferapods M.Oshelled seed Shelled seed M.O Press Cake 4 In situation where high concentrations of alum are needed, lime is also added to raise the pH of water, thereby facilitating the treatment. The cost of procuring these chemicals is increasing rapidly and most developing countries are finding it difficult to cope. Therefore, where cheaper alternativescan be found, to replace or supplement the conventional treatment chemicals, their use would be a welcome benefit for the poorer less developed countries. Purpose of study Introduction Aim& Objectives Conclusions Observations & Data Interpretation Suggestions & Recommendations Methodology Materials & Methods 5 Natural Coagulant Vs Inorganic Coagulant Drawbacks of Alum Alzhemeiersdiseaseand similar health related problems associated with residual aluminum in treated water. It produces large sludge volumes. It require pHAlkalinity adjustment. Low efficiency in coagulation of cold water. It is costly and require high foreign exchange. - Introduction Aim& Objectives Conclusions Observations & Data Interpretation Suggestions & Recommendations Methodology Materials & Methods 6 Advantage of Moringaoleifera Coagulant over Alum It is natural, completely non-toxic. The M. Oleiferaseed extract appears to have natural buffering capacity so, no pH alkalinity adjustments are required. Beside level of turbidity it reducesthe level of microorganismin water. It is completely biodegradable. The volume of sludge produced is considerably less in case of Moringathan in case of alum. Introduction Aim& Objectives Conclusions Observations & Data Interpretation Suggestions & Recommendations Methodology Materials & Methods 7 Drawbacks of Moringaoleifera At present availabilityof seeds is a problem it require mass cultivation. The costs of the Shelled Seed powder of M.O will probably higher then the cost of alum at present. The water treated by M. oleiferaproduces odour aftertwo days from treatment. Another disadvantage water extract increases Dissolved Organic Carbonin treated water. Introduction Aim& Objectives Conclusions Observations & Data Interpretation Suggestions & Recommendations Methodology Materials & Methods 8 Aim & Objectives Aim Optimization of dosage Affecting Coagulation and Flocculation of Turbid Water Using MoringaoleiferaSeed Extract Objectives To optimize coagulation dose, slow and rapid mixing parameters. To improve the extraction methodof coagulation active component. To study Household Alternative Coagulantfor Water Treatment. Introduction Aim& Objectives Conclusions Observations & Data Interpretation Suggestions & Recommendations Methodology Materials & Methods 9 Materials and Methods Experiment Design Entire study was divided into different stages. And same experiment is repeated for three coagulants viz. Moringaoleiferashelled blended water extract, Moringaoleiferashelled blended oil extracted water extract & Alum. Introduction Aim& Objectives Conclusions Observations & Data Interpretation Suggestions & Recommendations Methodology Materials & Methods 10 A series of experiments was conducted on three synthetic raw water turbidities viz. 50, 150, and 450 NTU. Residual turbiditywas used as the parameter to judge the performance of the process. (According to Bureau of Indian Standards. IS 3025(PART 50): 2001) Introduction Aim& Objectives Conclusions Observations & Data Interpretation Suggestions & Recommendations Methodology Materials & Methods 11 Result of Seed Analysis Sr. No Sample Name Parameters Results Test Methods 1 Moringa oleifera Seeds Protein 36.90 % AOAC 920.152 2 Fat 37.25 % Ranganna 3 Carbohydrates 16.38 % IS: 1656- 1997 4 Crude Fiber 12.85 % SP-18 (P- IX) 1984 5 Moisture 6.41 % Ranganna 6 Ash 3.06 % AOAC 940.26 National Agriculture Food Analysis And Research Institute, Pune. (10.08.2007) 12 Preparation of Seed Extract Moringa oleifera non-shelled & shelled seeds M.oleifera Seed Suspensi on M.O. Seed Powder Extraction of the Active Ingredient 13 Preparation of Synthetic Turbid Water 1. Five gram of Kaolin clay is mix 500 ml of distilled water. 2. Mix clay sample is allowed to stand for 24 Hrs. 3. The stock solution, turbidities varying from 50- 450 NTU prepared by serial dilution of stock solution. Kaolin Clay Bottle Stock Turbidity Solution Introduction Aim& Objectives Conclusions Observations & Data Interpretation Suggestions & Recommendations Methodology Materials & Methods 14 Equipment Used Jar Test Apparatus 15 Digital Lovibond Turbidity Meter Digital pH Meter Rapid Mixer 16 Observation & Data Interpretation Introduction Aim& Objectives Conclusions Observations & Data Interpretation Suggestions & Recommendations Methodology Materials & Methods 17 Optimum Dosage of MoringaoleiferaShelled Blended. OPTIMUM DOSAGE OF M.O. Shelled Blended wat er extr act AT 50, 150, AND 450 NTU 18.2 22.8 31.27 0 20 40 60 4 0 5 0 6 0 7 0 * 8 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 1 3 0 * * 1 4 0 1 5 0 2 0 0 2 5 0 3 0 0 * * * 3 5 0 DOSAGE OF M.O. Shelled Blended wat er ext r act (mg/l) A V E R A G E
R E S I D U A L
T U R B I D I T Y
( N T U 0 50 NTU 150 NTU 450 NTU Shelled blended Moringaoleiferawas able to achieve 63.90 %turbidity removal at an optimum dosage of 70 mg/ l for 50 NTU whilst for 150 and 450 NTU turbidity the doses were 130 mg/ l and 300 mg/ l and % turbidity removal is 84.80 % and 93.10 %respectively. Introduction Aim& Objectives Conclusions Observations & Data Interpretation Suggestions & Recommendations Methodology Materials & Methods 18 Optimum Dosage of Moringaoleifera Shelled Blended oil extracted. OPTIMUM DOSAGE OF Mor i nga ol ei fer a Shelled Blended AT 50, 150, AND 450 NTU 10.1 25.13 26 0 10 20 30 40 10 50* 100** 150*** 200 DOSAGE OF Mori nga ol ei fera Shel l ed Bl ended oi l extracted water extract (mg/l ) A V E R A G E
R E S I D U A L
T U R B I D I T Y
( N T U ) 50 NTU 150 NTU 450 NTU Shelled blended oil extracted Moringaoleiferawas able to achieve 78.7 % turbidity removal at an optimum dosage of 50 mg/ l for 50 NTU whilst for 150 and 450 NTU turbidity the doses were 100 mg/ l and 150 mg/ l and % turbidity removal is 83.24 % and 94.22 %respectively. Introduction Aim& Objectives Conclusions Observations & Data Interpretation Suggestions & Recommendations Methodology Materials & Methods 19 Optimum Dosage of Alum OPTIMUM DOSAGE OF ALUM FOR 50, 150, AND 450 NTU 3.77 4.73 7.2 0 5 10 15 20 5 10 20 30* 40** 50*** 60 DOSAGE OF ALUM (mg/l) A V E R A G E
R E S I D U A L
T U R B I D I T Y
( N T U ) 50 NTU 150 NTU 450 NTU Alum was able to achieve 92.47 %turbidity removal at an optimum dosage of 30 mg/ l for 50 NTU whilst for 150 and 450 NTU turbidity the doses were 40 mg/ l and 50 mg/ l and % turbidity removal is 96.24 % and98.40%respectively. Introduction Aim& Objectives Conclusions Observations & Data Interpretation Suggestions & Recommendations Methodology Materials & Methods 20 Summary of All Results Coagulants (Concentrati on 1 %) M.O. Shelled Blended water extract M.O. Shelled Blended oil Extracted water extract Alum Synthetic Kaolin Water Turbidity (NTU) Optimum Dosage mg/l % Reduction in turbidity Optimum Dosage mg/l % Reduction in turbidity Optimum Dosage mg/l % Reduction in turbidity 50 70 63.6 50 78.7 30 92.84 150 130 84.8 100 83.24 40 96.84 450 300 93.1 150 94.22 50 98.40 21 Conclusions Moringaoleiferaseeds present a viable alternative to alum. Increase dosage of Moringaoleiferalead to decrease turbidity uptothe optimum dosageafter which the residual turbidity increases due to flocrestabilizationIncreasing initial turbidity, optimum dose is subsequently found to increase. Requirement dose for Moringaoleiferafor both Shelled blended and shelled blended oil extractedwas higher than alum all over the turbidities range from 50- 450 NTU. Introduction Aim& Objectives Conclusions Observations & Data Interpretation Suggestions & Recommendations Methodology Materials & Methods The oil content in the seed will form an emulsion or film coating which may inhibit the contact with the surface of reaction and thus reduce flocformation. Shelled blend oil extractedMoringaoleiferahas been found to be more effective than the shelled blended seeds as a primary coagulant for turbid water. It is easy to prepare the suspension andcan be use as household water treatment. 23 M. oleiferaseed contains 40 % oil by weight & hence after oil extraction waste product presscake contain active component affecting coagulation in water treatment, therefore farmers can promote for cultivation. Using M. oleiferaas a replacement coagulant for proprietary coagulants meets the meets the needs for water technology in developing countries which is simple to use, robust and cheap to both install and maintain sustainable as household coagulant. Introduction Aim& Objectives Conclusions Observations & Data Interpretation Suggestions & Recommendations Methodology Materials & Methods 24 Moringaoleiferais a consumer friendly and environment friendly low alternative for rural areas or small scale water treatment plant. M. oleiferais a renewable resource can be grown on large scale. Researchshould therefore continue in this area so as to apply it to small and large scale water treatment in tropical development countries. Introduction Aim& Objectives Conclusions Observations & Data Interpretation Suggestions & Recommendations Methodology Materials & Methods 25 Thank You !!! Save Environment Save Yourself
Solvent Free Microwave Extraction and Microwave Assisted Hydrodistillation of Essential Oils From Spices Cozucusuz Mikrodalga Ekstraksiyonu Ve Mikrodalga Yardimli Hidrodistilasyon Yontemleri Ile Bitkilerden Esan