10/24/2011 10/24/2011 11

All about Waterproofing All about Waterproofing

By By
B S Ranganath B S Ranganath
10/24/2011 2
ntroduction ntroduction
Waterproofing is a process enabling terraces, Waterproofing is a process enabling terraces,
balconies, water closets, sunshades, sump tanks, balconies, water closets, sunshades, sump tanks,
overhead tanks etc. to be water overhead tanks etc. to be watertight in tight in
buildings. buildings.
Waterproofing could be carried out on surfaces Waterproofing could be carried out on surfaces
of masonry, concrete, cement render, timber etc. of masonry, concrete, cement render, timber etc.
Complete knowledge of various types of Complete knowledge of various types of
waterproofing will be imparted to the batches in waterproofing will be imparted to the batches in
this section. this section.
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#icture 1: Latest application in progress #icture 1: Latest application in progress
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mportance of Waterproofing mportance of Waterproofing
#enetration of water into buildings because #enetration of water into buildings because
of porosity and cracks has proven to be one of porosity and cracks has proven to be one
of the most destructive elements affecting of the most destructive elements affecting
stability and durability. stability and durability.
Effective steps are taken at the pre and Effective steps are taken at the pre and
post construction stages to incorporate post construction stages to incorporate
waterproofing and cut down maintenance waterproofing and cut down maintenance
costs, thereby providing comfort to the costs, thereby providing comfort to the
occupants of the building. occupants of the building.
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mportance of Waterproofing mportance of Waterproofing
Following damages caused due to seepage of Following damages caused due to seepage of
water result in the building decay and water result in the building decay and
deterioration. deterioration.
1) 1) Rotting of timber structures and finishes Rotting of timber structures and finishes
such as floors, skirting, architraves and frames. such as floors, skirting, architraves and frames.
2) 2) Corrosion of materials such as mild steel Corrosion of materials such as mild steel
round and deformed bars in concrete, metal round and deformed bars in concrete, metal
door frames etc. door frames etc.
3) 3) Swelling of the backing coat of plaster and Swelling of the backing coat of plaster and
the subsequent de the subsequent debonding of ceramic tiles. bonding of ceramic tiles.
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mportance of Waterproofing mportance of Waterproofing
4) 4) Electrical hazards causing short circuit of Electrical hazards causing short circuit of
lighting and power points. lighting and power points.
S) S) The blistering of paint. The blistering of paint.
The importance of waterproofing can not be The importance of waterproofing can not be
overlooked. Damage caused to the building's overlooked. Damage caused to the building's
structure, coupled with the high cost to be structure, coupled with the high cost to be
incurred on rectification warrants a careful design incurred on rectification warrants a careful design
and application of waterproofing. and application of waterproofing.
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Closely followed Applications Closely followed Applications
>>Waterproofing has various approaches depending Waterproofing has various approaches depending
on usage of certain film, membrane, cementatious on usage of certain film, membrane, cementatious
layer or stone layer. Some of the known layer or stone layer. Some of the known
applications are as follows. applications are as follows.
>>Tar felting for terraces Tar felting for terraces
>>Brickbat Coba for terraces Brickbat Coba for terraces
>>Netal Coba for sunken slabs Netal Coba for sunken slabs
>>Box type waterproofing Box type waterproofing
>>Cement Crouting and Chemical Coating Cement Crouting and Chemical Coating
>>ntegral waterproofing ntegral waterproofing
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Application of Tar Felt Application of Tar Felt
>>Tar felting is the oldest in practice. t has layers of Tar felting is the oldest in practice. t has layers of
tar held together with a variety of reinforcements. t tar held together with a variety of reinforcements. t
prevents cracking to provide impermeable layer prevents cracking to provide impermeable layer
between water and the surface to be protected. between water and the surface to be protected.
>> t is categorized as three, five or seven layer t is categorized as three, five or seven layer
treatment. Seven coat application is recommended treatment. Seven coat application is recommended
for new jobs but seldom executed, since it costs as for new jobs but seldom executed, since it costs as
much as the other technically more advanced much as the other technically more advanced
treatments. treatments.
>>Though once universally used, it is found to be Though once universally used, it is found to be
inadequate even for terrace waterproofing, for inadequate even for terrace waterproofing, for
which it is primarily designed. which it is primarily designed.
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#icture 2: Tar Felt Roll #icture 2: Tar Felt Roll
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Brickbat Coba for Terraces Brickbat Coba for Terraces
>>This application consists spreading of brickbat in This application consists spreading of brickbat in
slope over roofs and then grouting with mortar, slope over roofs and then grouting with mortar,
admixed with water proofing compounds. admixed with water proofing compounds.
>>t will have #S topping with 'tile pattern' thread t will have #S topping with 'tile pattern' thread
lining, to prevent cracks from appearing. This has lining, to prevent cracks from appearing. This has
the advantage of providing an excellent slope so the advantage of providing an excellent slope so
that the water drains away. that the water drains away.
>>t even has the water retaining capacity, as water t even has the water retaining capacity, as water
is absorbed by the brick when it rains and released is absorbed by the brick when it rains and released
when rain stops. when rain stops.
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#icture 3: Brickbat Coba in #rogress #icture 3: Brickbat Coba in #rogress
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Brickbat Coba for Terraces Brickbat Coba for Terraces
>> t is a 120mm average thick application over RCC t is a 120mm average thick application over RCC
roof slabs. To lay this, clear the RCC slab of loose roof slabs. To lay this, clear the RCC slab of loose
particles and flood it with waterproofing compound particles and flood it with waterproofing compound
mixed cement slurry. Over that, spread water proof mixed cement slurry. Over that, spread water proof
cement mortar 1:S to an average thickness of cement mortar 1:S to an average thickness of
20mm. 20mm.
>>On above screed while it is green, 100mm graded On above screed while it is green, 100mm graded
brickbats shall be embedded to a slope 1:100. ]oints brickbats shall be embedded to a slope 1:100. ]oints
between brickbats shall be filled with waterproof between brickbats shall be filled with waterproof
mortar 1:3. Over it shall be the final 20mm thick mortar 1:3. Over it shall be the final 20mm thick
waterproof screed 1:4, having a properly maintained waterproof screed 1:4, having a properly maintained
slope to enable easy flow of water. Rounding off to slope to enable easy flow of water. Rounding off to
a height of 300mm along parapet walls is a must. a height of 300mm along parapet walls is a must.
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Netal Coba for Sunken Slabs Netal Coba for Sunken Slabs
>> t is a S0mm average thick application for toilet t is a S0mm average thick application for toilet
sunken slabs, water retaining structures etc. To lay sunken slabs, water retaining structures etc. To lay
this, njection grout the surface by placing nozzles this, njection grout the surface by placing nozzles
at S00mm intervals. Over that, spread water proof at S00mm intervals. Over that, spread water proof
cement mortar 1:S to an average thickness of cement mortar 1:S to an average thickness of
20mm. 20mm.
>> On the above screed while it is green, 20mm graded On the above screed while it is green, 20mm graded
granite metal shall be embedded. Over it shall be granite metal shall be embedded. Over it shall be
the final 20mm thick waterproof screed 1:4, having the final 20mm thick waterproof screed 1:4, having
a properly maintained slope to enable easy flow of a properly maintained slope to enable easy flow of
water. Rounding off the junctions of floor and walls water. Rounding off the junctions of floor and walls
is a must. is a must.
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#icture 4: Netal Coba in a Swimming #ool #icture 4: Netal Coba in a Swimming #ool
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Box Type Waterproofing Box Type Waterproofing
>>This is an external treatment to the structure that This is an external treatment to the structure that
could be prone to water logging. could be prone to water logging.
>>t will provide watertight cover to the base of the t will provide watertight cover to the base of the
structure remaining underground. structure remaining underground.
>>t involves the process of applying neat cement t involves the process of applying neat cement
slurry mixed with waterproofing compound evenly, slurry mixed with waterproofing compound evenly,
to fill up undulations and cavities on the #CC layer to fill up undulations and cavities on the #CC layer
below raft. Next step is to spread cement mortar below raft. Next step is to spread cement mortar
1:4 mixed with water proofing compound on the 1:4 mixed with water proofing compound on the
surface to an average thickness of 20mm. surface to an average thickness of 20mm.
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#icture S: Shahabad Stone in Box type Waterproofing #icture S: Shahabad Stone in Box type Waterproofing
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Box Type Waterproofing Box Type Waterproofing
>>While the screed is green, Shahabad or While the screed is green, Shahabad or
Cuddapah stone slabs (300mm x 300mm) Cuddapah stone slabs (300mm x 300mm)
20mm to 2Smm thick shall be embedded. 20mm to 2Smm thick shall be embedded.
]oints between Shahabad or Cuddapah stone ]oints between Shahabad or Cuddapah stone
slabs shall be filled with cement grout admixed slabs shall be filled with cement grout admixed
with waterproofing compound. Over it shall be with waterproofing compound. Over it shall be
the final 20mm thick waterproof screed 1:4. the final 20mm thick waterproof screed 1:4.
>>This treatment has to continue vertically (by This treatment has to continue vertically (by
restricting the thickness of Shahabad or restricting the thickness of Shahabad or
Cuddapah stone slabs to 1Smm) all along Cuddapah stone slabs to 1Smm) all along
retaining walls up to the ground level. retaining walls up to the ground level.
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Cement Crouting and Chemical Coating Cement Crouting and Chemical Coating
>>Nineral based coatings are most effective and act Nineral based coatings are most effective and act
against water pressure. They have been in the against water pressure. They have been in the
market for more than twenty years now. These market for more than twenty years now. These
have a crystalline action and penetrate the have a crystalline action and penetrate the
capillaries and form insoluble hard crystal in them capillaries and form insoluble hard crystal in them
and make the concrete surfaces water tight. and make the concrete surfaces water tight.
>>Cement grouting and Chemical Coating is fast Cement grouting and Chemical Coating is fast
replacing the other traditional practices. replacing the other traditional practices.
>>When you go for this, first of all you have to When you go for this, first of all you have to
ensure that the entire surface is clean, free from ensure that the entire surface is clean, free from
dirt, grease, oil and other loose particles. dirt, grease, oil and other loose particles.
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#icture 6: Cement Crouting and Chemical Coating #icture 6: Cement Crouting and Chemical Coating
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Cement Crouting and Chemical Coating Cement Crouting and Chemical Coating
>>Fill the visible cracks, joints and gaps with the Fill the visible cracks, joints and gaps with the
cement grout. Allow it to cure for 24 hrs, Observe cement grout. Allow it to cure for 24 hrs, Observe
the filled area and if required fill the cracks once the filled area and if required fill the cracks once
again to the level of the surface. again to the level of the surface.
>>Apply a coat of chemical on the prepared surface Apply a coat of chemical on the prepared surface
and allow it to dry for 4 and allow it to dry for 46 hours. Apply second coat 6 hours. Apply second coat
of the chemical. f subsequent coats are required, of the chemical. f subsequent coats are required,
apply at an interval of 6 hours. apply at an interval of 6 hours.
>> #aint can be applied as a topcoat over the chemical #aint can be applied as a topcoat over the chemical
coating directly. This process provides glossy finish coating directly. This process provides glossy finish
and enhances the colour of the substrata. and enhances the colour of the substrata.
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ntegral waterproofing ntegral waterproofing
>>The latest trend in waterproofing is to use The latest trend in waterproofing is to use
construction chemicals. construction chemicals.
>>There are a number chemicals and they have to There are a number chemicals and they have to
be used in different combinations to get the be used in different combinations to get the
desired result. Their use is tailor made for different desired result. Their use is tailor made for different
categories of problems. categories of problems.
>>Used as an admixture in the green concrete, Used as an admixture in the green concrete,
construction chemicals would do wonders such as construction chemicals would do wonders such as
the roof slab becoming totally watertight, without the roof slab becoming totally watertight, without
requiring a measure like brickbat coba. requiring a measure like brickbat coba.
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#icture 7: Dr Fixit Range of #roducts #icture 7: Dr Fixit Range of #roducts
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ntegral waterproofing ntegral waterproofing
>>Admixture of the construction chemical ensures Admixture of the construction chemical ensures
the concrete to be denser leaving no room for the concrete to be denser leaving no room for
honeycombs, capillaries, cracks etc. honeycombs, capillaries, cracks etc.
>>A dense and a strong concrete is more likely to be A dense and a strong concrete is more likely to be
watertight over a longer period of time than a watertight over a longer period of time than a
weak concrete that is covered with some barrier. weak concrete that is covered with some barrier.
>>However it should be borne in mind that the use However it should be borne in mind that the use
of construction of construction chemicals is only an aid to good chemicals is only an aid to good
civil engineering practice and not a substitute to civil engineering practice and not a substitute to
the same. the same.
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#icture 8: Cico #roducts #icture 8: Cico #roducts
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