ALSTOM HYDRO

TURBINE SPEED GOVERNING SYSTEM

POWER
Alstom Hydro, the worlds hydropower
market leader, act s as a PL ANT
INTEGRATOR, providing both com-
plete power plant solutions and separ-
ate products from the overall range, in
response to specifc customer needs.
Hydro plant control solutions cover all
plant control requirements including:
Integrated control systems
Turbine governing systems
Generator excitations
Protections
Condition monitoring
Hydro process application software
In order to guarantee safe, reliable and
optimized power plant operations,
Alstom Hydro has developed and
qualifed specifc turbine speed gov-
erning systems. With over 100 years
experience in the feld of turbine speed
regulation, Alstom Hydro proposes
cost-effective, reliable, innovative,
customized governing solutions to
its customers. The governing system
is an essential part of the overall
plant control system. It provides the
turbine with the feedback mechanism
to control its speed under all circums-
tances.
By regulating the f low of water
passing through the turbine, the
governor adjusts the power output
being sent to the grid. This is done
by opening and closing the wicket
gates of Francis and Pump turbines,
the wicket gates in conjunction with
the blades of Kaplan and Bulb turb-
ines, or the injectors and defectors of
Pelton turbines.
ALSTOM HYDRO CONTROL SOLUTIONS
Control of the turbine start-up and
shutdown sequences
Synchronisation of the turbine with
the grid
Control of the active power supplied
by the generator to an interconnect-
ed network
Control of network frequency on an
isolated electrical network
Protection of the unit against over-
speed in case of load rejection
Control of advanced sequences
THE MAIN FUNCTIONS OF THE GOVERNING SYSTEM
2
The governing system is comprised
of electronic and oleo-hydraulic parts
including:
The turbine speed load governor
(T.SLG) controller with the hydro
process application software
The oil pressure unit
THE NEYRPIC T.SLG
One of Alstom Hydros latest innova-
tions is the NEYRPIC T.SLG, which
has been installed in a large number
of power plants worldwide over a
very short period of time.
The NEYRPIC T.SLG is a state-of-the-
art controller, capable of performing a
large number of additional functions
compared to standard systems, in
order to optimize plant operations,
increase safety, and simplify main-
tenance.
This universal controller is designed for
use on all types of hydro turbines, with
an unlimited power range, for both
new and refurbished power plants.
Moreover, it is capable of working
under all conditions and is easy to
update and maintain.
Its proven application sof tware
includes a large set of advanced
functions covering virtually all pro-
cess requirements. This software
was specifically designed to facili-
tate parameterisation and diagnosis,
making it quick-and-easy to use
wi thout necessi tating sof t ware-
programming expertise. Parameters
only need to be configured in the
system once during the installation
phase of the project.
In addition, its plug-n-play hardware
is compact and modular and extremely
easy to operate and maintain.
THE OIL PRESSURE UNIT
Alstom Hydros complete solution for
the oleo-hydraulic part of the govern-
ing system is the oil pressure unit.
The unit includes actuators, sump
tanks, pressure tanks, a compressed
air station, sensors and safety sys-
tems and it is critical for overall power
plant availability.
As the actuator is one of the key
hydraulic components, Alstom Hydro
developed a complete range that is
better adapted to customer needs.
Al stom Hydro actuators have a
reduced number of individual parts
compared to other products available
on the market. They are extremely
reliable and capable of withstanding
harsh turbine operating conditions
such as vi brat i on l evel s, wat er
content, and low oil fltration (up to
150 m).
THE GOVERNING SYSTEM
SERVOMOTOR
RUNNER
GENERATOR
ELECTRICAL NETWORK
SPEED GOVERNOR
OIL PRESSURE UNIT
SHAFT SPEED
SERVOMOTOR POSITION
PLANT DISTRIBUTED
CONTROL SYSTEm
RESERVOIR
ACTuATOR
PRESSURE TANK
GUIDE VANES /
INjECTORS
Governing system architecture
3
The NEYRPIC T.SLG has a modular
system designed to operate in the
most extreme operating conditions. It
is characterised by its robustness, high
level of adaptability, and simplicity.
The system i s made up of t wo
dedicated, optimized modules, the
unit processing controller (uPC) and
the servo positionning controller
(SPC), which when combined meet
all turbine governing application
requirements. It can be interfaced
with all types of control systems via
a digital bus and/or wired inputs/
outputs (I/Os).
RANGE OF APPLICATION
The modulari t y of the NEYRPIC
T.SLG makes it suitable for all turbine
models. The best cost/function con-
figuration is obtained by combining
several modules for each type of
turbine. The system can therefore
control:
up to 24 independent wicket gates
for Francis and Pump turbines
Both blades and wicket gates for
Kaplan and Bulb turbines
From 1 to 8 defectors and 1 to 8
injectors for Pelton turbines
THE NEYRPIC T.SLG DESIGN CONCEPT
4
THE UNIT PROCESSING
CONTROLLER MODULE (UPC)
The uPC module performs the most
complex turbine control functions
including:
Highly accurate rotation speed
regulation for synchronisation with
the grid, using a specifc integrated
electronic circuit capable of taking 3
measurements
Power/load adjustment
Frequency regulation
Integration of 2D and 3D laws and
numerous parameters to optimize
turbine operating
Specifc advanced functions for each
type of turbine (such as jet dispatch-
er for Pelton, on-cam operation
for Kaplan, individual wicket gate
control for Pump turbine etc.)
multi-level redundancy (SPC, uPC,
sensors).
THE SERVO POSITIONING
CONTROLLER MODULE (SPC)
The SPC module carries out servo-
motor position control via a single or
double loop position control. Equipp-
ed with a universal amplifer, it can
control all types of actuators including
third party equipment.
The NEYRPIC T.SLG can handle up
to 24 independent SPC modules,
therefore permitting individual gate
control for Pump turbines. moreover,
the SPC has both redundancy and
hot swap capabilities.
WHY CHOOSE AN ALSTOM HYDRO GOVERNING SYSTEM?
Extremely reliable and robust, designed by hydro market leader
Design fully adapted to hydro application needs
universal system for all turbine models, for both new and refurbished plants
Easy to install and operate
Improved serviceability
Long term support
Alstom Hydro completely assembles, tests and pre-confgures the electronic and oleo-hydraulic parts of the govern-
ing system at its ISO 9001:2000 manufacturing sites worldwide.
5
THE TURBINE AUXILIARY DIGITAL
TACHOMETER (T.ADT)
In addition to the standard uPC and
SPC modules, the NEYRPIC T.SLG
can also have other modules easily
added-on such as the T.ADT.
The T.ADT is the ideal product for
customers who require a stand-
alone independent tachometer for
measuring turbine output with speed
thresholds.
Designed on the same platform as the
T.SLG, the T.ADT can easily work in
combination with the NEYRPIC T.SLG
governing system. It is a good choice
of solution for both new plants and
for upgrading outdated mechanical
systems in old plants.
The T.ADT functions cover:
Speed measurement
Speed signal redundancy with up to
3 sensors
Speed threshold programming and
control
The T.ADT also offers advanced funct-
ions not included in the uPC module
such as:
Rotation direction detection
Creep and stop detection
12 programmable speed thresholds
6
THE T.SOFT DIAGNOSTIC TOOL
Alstom Hydros T.SOFT maintenance
software allows plant operators to
monitor and troubleshoot problems
autonomously.
This user-friendly tool features clear
mimics, easy access to parameters,
and produces di f ferent t ypes of
alarm and event messages with clear
instructions for resolving the problem.
The software runs on any standard
Windows laptop. T.SOFT commun-
icates with both the T.SLG and the
T.ADT via an Ethernet connection.
The main functions of T.SOFT are:
uploading of application software
Downloading and storing of para-
meters
Reading and forcing of I/Os
Diagnosing a large number of
test points using an integrated
real-time oscilloscope
Tuning of parameters
Data recording (Historian)
Local and manual mode
Fault recorder
THE HUMAN MACHINE
INTERFACE (HMI)
The HMI is the interface used by the
operator to manage and adjust the
NEYRPIC T.SLG parameters.
using a fat-panel touch screen, the
operator can intuitively navigate
through the menus using the graph-
ical user interface. The HmI can be
customized in the users language.
Based on Alstom Hydros experience
and know-how, the HMI has all the
features a plant operator requires
including:
Analogue and digital graphic indi-
cators (speed, gate, power, etc.)
Quick access to device parameters
7
The actuator is one of the key
hydraulic components required for
turbine speed control. It consists
of an electro-mechanical device
that transforms the electrical signal
coming from the NEYRPIC T.SLG into
a mechanical command, sending oil
to the servomotor to control turbine
rotation speed.
In addition to using standard market
products, Alstom Hydro has been
developing in-house customised
actuators for over 100 years, gaining
a high level of expertise in this specifc
feld. The range of actuator products
it has designed is extremely reliable
and perfectly suited to the functions
they have to fulfl. They have a proven
lifetime of over 40 years, requiring
little or no maintenance during that
time.
Alstom Hydro can provide a complete
range of actuators in order to control
all types of hydraulic turbines regard-
less of the oil fow required to move
the servomotors (from a few litres
to several cubic meters per minute).
The full range includes single-stage,
double-stage and fanged actuators.
SINGLE-STAGE (ED Series)
Single-stage actuators such as the
ED12, ED25 and ED35 are suitable for
oil fows less than 500 l/min. These
electro-hydraulic transducers convert
the electric signal from the electronic
speed governor into a hydraulic fow/
pressure signal on the servomotor.
DOUBLE-STAGE (D SERIES)
Double-stage actuators combine a
TR10 electro-hydraulic transducer
with a main distributing valve such
as the D50, D80, D100, D150 and
D250 models. The TR10 converts the
electricsignal into a hydraulic fow (up
to 20,000 l/min) to open the main
distributing valve.
FLANGED ACTUATORS (DF Series)
Alstom Hydro has developed an inte-
grated all-in-one actuator range that
includes all servomotor functions and
eliminates the need to purchase and
connect several individual standard
products. These actuator models,
which include the D50F, D80F and the
D100F, are very compact and dont
require external piping, thus ensur-
ing greater reliability and reducing
maintenance requirements.
In addition to its principal function
of connecting the electro-hydraulic
transducer to the main distributing
ALSTOM HYDRO NEYRPIC ACTUATOR RANGE
The oil pressure unit is specifically
designed to manage and regulate
large volumes and fows of oil. For
each customised unit, Alstom Hydro
prioritises robustness and simplicity
in order to maximise reliability and
minimise maintenance.
The standard oil pressure unit oper-
ates under a pressure of 64 bars,
however Alstom Hydro frequently
provides higher pressure 160 bar
units. The high pressure units are
advantageous because they require
smaller servomotors and associated
parts. In addition, they use bladder or
piston accumulators, thus eliminat-
ing the need for a compressed air
station.
THE OIL PRESSURE UNIT
8
ALSTOM HYDRO ACTUATORS ARE BETTER BECAUSE THEY ARE:
Reliable & robust
Perfectly adapted to hydraulic turbines
Fully compatible with the NEYRPIC T.SLG
Require little or no maintenance
Covered for service for the lifetime of the plant
valve, the flanged actuator model
can also include a manoeuvring time
adjustment orifice, an emergency
shutdown solenoid valve, an over-
speed relay, a multi-slope closure law
valve and redundant sensors. Design-
ed, manufactured and tested at the
Alstom Hydro Global Technology
Centre, these plug-and-play systems
help to increase turbine performance
and reliability. They also eliminate the
need for specifc performance tests
that are normally carried out on site
for each project.
The Alstom Hydro product range also
includes a number of oleo-hydraulic
ancillary devices such as:
An overspeed detector
An accumulator insulation valve
These can be used as plug-n-play
devices and have the same integrat-
ion advantages as fanged actuators.
Alstom Hydros overspeed safety
detector is a completely mechanical
device installed on the shaf t line.
It uses centrifugal force to detect
excessive runner rotation speed and
sends out a hydraulic signal that can
be used to close the main distributing
valve and stop the turbine, without
using the electronic controls.
The accumulator insulation valve
separates the accumulator from the
governing circuit in order to prevent
air from entering into it.
By maintaining the governing system
under pressure, it enables servo-
motor control in the power plant
(even when the pumps are switched
off ), ensuring faster start-up under
normal conditions and enabling black
start.
ALSTOM HYDRO OLEO-HYDRAULIC ANCILLARY DEVICES
D Series ED Series DF series
9
Alstom Hydro can provide speed
governing system owners with a
comprehensive service programme
coveri ng i nst al l at i on, t rai ni ng,
maintenance, spare parts and rehab-
ilitation in more than 70 countries
worldwide. Known as the Hydro
PlantLife programme, it ensures that
customers obtain a rapid, compre-
hensive response from experienced
local teams and dedicated customer
support centres. Alstom Hydro is
the leading partner for all customers
looking to optimise their investment
and to secure their control equipment
during the lifetime of their plant
Basic and advanced product training
courses are available at Alstom
Hydro regional training centres, to
optimise both the use of equipment
and maintenance operations. A train-
ing simulator is available and can be
confgured with each specifc custom-
er application. In addition, Alstom
Hydro can provide plant operators
wi th on-si te training during the
commissioning phase of projects, so
that they are ready as soon as the
plant starts operating. Alstom Hydro
can also repair or replace spare parts
using different types of spare part
contracts, to meet a wide range of
customer requirements.
moreover, t he NEYRPIC T. SLG
design facili tates quicker main-
t enance oper at i ons. I t can be
i ni t i al l y i ns t al l ed i n a si mpl ex
configuration and easily upgraded
to full redundancy at a later stage.
Thanks to a modular design dedicated
to Hydro applications, the NEYRPIC
T.SLG can address the specifcations
of any hydro power plant rehab-
ilitation project. A large number of
worldwide references are available,
including emergency response within
a few months time frame.
INSTALLATION, TRAINING, MAINTENANCE, SPARE PARTS AND REHABILITATION
ALSTOM HYDROS PLANTLIFE SERVICE PROGRAMME
10
ALSTOM HYDRO GLOBAL PROJECT HIGHLIGHTS
CANADA
La Grande - new: 33 turbine/generator units, 8654 MW.
US
Shasta - refurbishment: 5 x 142 MW turbine/generator
units.
MEXICO
Chicoasen - new turnkey supply : 3 x 310 MW turbine/
generator units, control system.
BRAZIL
Itaipu - new: 10 x 700 MW turbine/generator units,
control systems.
Tucurui - new: 11 x 370 MW turbine/generator units,
control system.
VENEZUELA
Guri 1 - refurbishment Francis: 4 x 400 MW turbine/
generator units.
PORTUGAL
Alqueva - new pumped storage: 2 x 130 MW turbine/
generator units, control system.
NORWAY
New Tyin - new: 2 x 220 MVA generators, BOP, control
system.
SWITZERLAND
Chancy Pougny - refurbishment: 2 x 12 MW turbine/
generator units.
TURKEY
Uzundere - new: 2 x 30 MW turbine/generator units.
FRANCE
Grand Maison - new pumped storage: 12 x 157 MW
turbine/generator units.
MOROCCO
Afourer - new pumped storage and irrigation: 2 x 175
+ 2 x 60 MW turbine/generator units, BOP, control
system.
SUDAN
Merowe - new turnkey supply: 10 x 125 MW turbine/
generator units, BOP, control system.
ZAMBIA
Victoria Falls - refurbishment of 2 small power stations:
108 MW turbine/generator units.
CHINA
3 Gorges - new: 14 x 700 MW turbine/generator units,
14 governors, control system.
Huizhou, Bailianhe and Baoquan - new, 3 pumped
storage plants: 16 x 306 MW turbine/generator units,
BOP, control system.
SOUTH KOREA
Yang Yang - new pumped storage: 4 x 250 MW turb-
ine/generator units with adjustable double-stage.
INDIA
Subansiri - new turnkey supply: 8 x 250 MW turbine/
generator units, control system.
VIETNAM
Se San 4 - new: 3 x 120 MW turbine/generator units.
Dai Ninh - new: 2 x 150 MW turbines, control system.
Dai Ninh - refurbishment: 4 x 40 MW control system.
MALAYSIA
Bakun - new: 4 x 315 MW turbine/generator units,
BOP.
AUSTRALIA
Trevallyn - refurbishment: 4 x 30 MW turbine/gene-
rator units.
NEW ZEALAND
Manapouri - upgrade: 7 x 135 MVA generators.
11
ALSTOM Hydro
4, avenue Andr malraux
92309 Levallois Perret Cedex - FRANCE
www.power.alstom.com/hydro
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