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MOTOR ENGINE

Combustion System - The combustion system turns fuel into the power that propels the
car. Fuel injector sprays fuel into the intake sprays fuel into the intake manifold, where it
mixes with air on its way into the cylinders. Inside the cylinders, the fuel-air mixture is
compressed by the pistons as they pump upward. Spark plugs ignite the compressed fuel
in a small explosion, which dries the pistons downward. !ach piston connects to the
crankshaft and as the pistons moe up and down, the crankshaft turns. The crankshaft
transfers this power to the transmission, which ultimately turns the axles and wheels.
"arts#
$. %ylinder
&. %rankshaft
'. (ir filter
). Fuel injector
*. Intake manifold
+. Spark plugs - supplies the spark that ignites the air,fuel mixture so that combustion can
occur. The spark must happen at just the right moment for things to work properly.
-. "istons
.. !xhaust manifold
Lubricating System - The lubricating system reduces the friction produced by the
engine/s moing parts, which may rub against each other thousands of times per minute.
The main lubricant in a motor engine is motor oil, which is held in an oil pan, or engine
sump, underneath the engine. ( pump circulates the oil through tubes called galleries to
all the moing parts of the engine. 0efore the oil circulates to the engine, it passed
through an oil filter, which strains particles from the oil.
"arts#
$. 1il pump
&. 1il filter
'. 1il pan
Electrical System - The electrical system manages the engine and proides the electricity
necessary to keep the engine running. Turning a key in the ignition allows electricity to
flow from the battery to the starter. The starter includes a small motor that turns the
crankshaft and sets the pistons in motion. (s the crankshaft turns, it proides power to the
alternator, which conerts the turning power to electricity. This electricity ignites the
spark plugs, recharges the battery, and operates the car/s lights, radio, and other electrical
features. 2ost new cars also use small computers called electronic control units to
monitor and regulate many of the car/s functions.
"arts#
$. !lectronic control unit
&. Starter
'. %rankshaft
). (lternator
*. 0attery
Cooling System
-The cooling system draws heat away from the engine block, which would otherwise
warp at the temperatures generated by combustion and friction. In water-cooled engines,
a pump circulates engine coolant, a mixture of water and antifree3e, through the none-
moing parts of the engine to absorb heat. The coolant flows through tubes in the
radiator, where heat passes from the tubes into thin metal fins. ( fan blows air through
the fins to increase the rate of cooling.
-2aintain engine opetating temperature $.45F - .45%
"arts of water-cooled
$. 6ater pump
&. Fan
'. 7adiator
). 6ater jackets
*. Thermostat
+. 7adiator hose
-. Fan belts
.. Temperature gauge
"arts of air-cooled
$. 0lower
&. %ooling fins
'. Shroud
). 0elts
1erheating 8o9s and 8on9ts
:6hen engine oerheats
$. ;eer add water to radiator when engine is not running
&. 8on9t open radiator cap immediately when engine oerheats
'. %heck the cause why engine oerheats
Wheel Allignment
- to prolong tire life
- easy steering
Oil Types
- Sae &4-*4 for new or light ehicles
- Sae $*-)4 for light ehicles
- Sae '4 for heay duty ehicles
- Sae )4 for heay duty ehicles
!roperties o" Oil
$. %ohesieness
&. (dhesieness
'. <iscosity
8o9s and 8on9ts
$. ;eer oer fill oil leel
&. 6hen you change oil always change filter
!roper proce#ure o" change oil
$. 6arm up engine to its normal temperature
&. 8rain oil,remoe filter
'. 7eplace filter and add correct specified oil
). Test run engine
*. %heck for leaks
Carburetor
- to mix air and fuel in correct proportion
' main parts
$. (ir horn
&. 0ody
'. "lunger

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