Int r oduct i on

Plant tissue culture can be defined as culture of

plant seeds, organs, explants, tissues, cells, or protoplasts
on nutrient media under sterile conditions. Different
techniques in plant tissue culture may offer certain
advantages over traditional methods of propagation,
including:
The production of exact copies of plants that produce
particularly good flowers, fruits, or have other
desirable traits.
To quickly produce mature plants.
The production of multiples of plants in the absence
of seeds or necessary pollinators to produce seeds.
The regeneration of whole plants from plant cells that
have been genetically modified.
The production of plants in sterile containers that
allows them to be moved with greatly reduced
chances of transmitting diseases, pests, and
pathogens.
The production of plants from seeds that otherwise
have very low chances of germinating and growing,
i.e.: orchids and nepenthes.
To clean particular plant of viral and other infections
and to quickly multiply these plants as 'cleaned stock'
for horticulture and agriculture.
Plant tissue culture relies on the fact that many
plant cells have the ability to regenerate a whole plant
(totipotency). Single cells, plant cells without cell walls
(protoplasts), pieces of leaves, or (less commonly) roots
can often be used to generate a new plant on culture
media given the required nutrients and plant hormones.

Pl ant Ti ssue Cul t ur e Techni que

Micropropagation is the production of whole plants from
small section of plant such as a stem tip, node,
meristem,embryo or even a seed

St ages of Mi cr opr opagat i on

Stage one-Explant establishment or initiation
Stage two-Multiplication
Stage three-Rooting
Stage four-Acclimatization or hardening off
Suspensi on Cul t ur e
The system of growing single cells and small cell
aggregates in a liquid growth medium that is kept agitated
by means of bubbling, shaking, or stirring so the cells do
not settle out. Microorganisms and cells derived from
callus tissues may be grown in this way. Growth is
maintained by providing continuous aeration and by either
transferring portions of the suspension to fresh medium or
replacing a part of the culture with fresh medium.
Suspension cultures of plant cells derived from friable
masses of callus show a similar growth curve to cultures of
microorganisms in that there is a lag phase and a
logarithmic phase of growth. Cells of many plant species
can be induced to form embryoids in suspension culture,
which, if removed from the culture and given appropriate
conditions, will develop into complete plants.
Somat i c hy bri di zat i on
Development of hybrid plants through the
fusion of somatic protoplasts of two different plant
species/ varieties is called somatic hybridization
Met hods of somat i c hybr i di zat i on
Procedure for successful somatic hybridization is as
below:
(i ) Isolation of protoplasts from suitable plants.
(i i ) Mixing of protoplasts in centrifuge tube containing
fugigenic chemicals i.e. chemicals promoting
protoplast fusion, such as polyethylene glycol (PEG)
(20%, W/ V), sodium nitrate (NaNO3), maintenance
of high pH 10.5 and temperature 37C (as a result
of fusion of protoplasts viable heterokaryons are
produced. PEG induces fusion of plant protoplasts
and animal cells and produces heterokaryon.
(i i i ) Wall regeneration by heterokaryotic cells.
(i v ) Fusion of nuclei of heterokaryon to produce hybrid
cells.
(v ) Plating and production of colonies of hybrid cells.
(v i ) Selection of hybrid, subculture and induction of
organogenesis in the hybrid colonies.
(v i i ) Transfer of mature plants from the regenerated
callus.

Tr ansgeni c Pl ant s
A transgenic plant contains a gene or genes which
have been artificially inserted instead of the plant
acquiring them through pollination. The inserted gene
sequence (known as the transgene) may come from
another unrelated plant, or from a completely different
species: transgenic Bt corn, for example, which produces
its own insecticide, contains a gene from a bacterium.
Plants containing transgenes are often called genetically
modified or GM crops, although in reality all crops have
been genetically modified from their original wild state by
domestication, selection and controlled breeding over
long periods of time. Genetic experts must determine
what gene controls each specific process and then also
determine which portion of what plant it will be replaced
with.
Improved nutritional quality
Increased crop yield
Insect resistance
Disease resistance
Herbicide resistance
Salt tolerance
Biopharmaceuticals
Saving valuable topsoil
Ability to grow plants in harsh environments



Short TermTraining Programme
on
Plant Tissue Culture Techniques
Pr ogr amme

There will be lectures on following topics during the training
programme:

1. I nt r oduct i on and Basi cs of Pl ant Ti ssue Cul t ur e.
2. Mi cr obi al Cont ami nat i on and St er i l i zat i on.
3. Nut r i ent r equi r ement i n Pl ant Ti ssue Cul t ur e.
4. Bi osaf et y i ssues i n Pl ant Ti ssue Cul t ur e.
5. Mi cr opr opagat i on.
6. Somat i c Hy br i di zat i on.

Besides one lecture each day, there will be practical on
following topics:

1. Sampl e Col l ect i on.
2. St er i l i zat i on.
3. Medi a Pr epar at i on.
4. I nocul at i on.
5. Bi ol ogi cal dat abase sear ch of Pl ant s.

Tr ai ni ng cour se f ee: Rs. 2000/ -.

Regi st r at i on: Send your fee in the form of DD/ Local
Banks Cheque in favour of Di r ect or , I nst i t ut e of
Bi ot echnol ogy , payable at Nai ni t al along with details in the
following proforma:
1. Name:
2. Address:
3. Phone & Email:
4. Qualification::
5. Experience, if any:
6. Organization:

(Note: Training course fee includes registration kit, lodging
and manual on Plant Tissue Culture Techniques. However,
food charges will be paid as per actual and will be borne by
trainees. Registration will be done on first come first serve
basis for only 10 seats.)

About t he Inst i t ut e

The Institute of Biotechnology (erstwhile State Vaccine
Institute established in 1903) at Patwadangar (located on
Delhi-Nainital highway 9 km before Nainital in the State of
Uttarakhand in India at an average altitude of 1600 meter).
The Institute is well recognized in the area of Biotechnology
and is a hub of Hands on Training activities in the frontier
areas of Molecular Biology, Biotechnology, Immunology,
Medicinal and Aromatic plants and Chromatography. A
number of trainings on Rabies, ELISA, Animal Cell Culture,
Immunomodulation and Chromatography (HPLC), Zoonosis,
PCR and related techniques, nanotechnology,
Vermibiotechnology and Organic Farming, Clinical Research
Management, Histopathology and Immunohistochemistry
Techniques, Electrophoretic Techniques & Recent trends in
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques etc. had already been
organized which were attended by the Post Graduate
students, PhD Scholars, Lecturers, Associate Professors from
all over the country including Kerala, AP, Maharashtra, MP,
Orissa, Punjab, Delhi, UP, Uttarakhand, Rajasthan, J &K, Nepal,
Nigeria etc. The Institute has a very strong research
programme on following areas:

1. Development of vaccine and diagnostics of rabies using
molecular techniques.
2. Antiviral, anticancer and antibacterial activities of herbs.
3. Immunomodulation using Bioprospective molecules from
Panchgavya and herbs
4. Studies on reversal of antibacterial resistance of
antibiotics.
5. Detection of pesticide residues and mycotoxins in food
and feeds.
6. Vermibiotechnology.

How t o Reach

Patwadangar is situated 9 km before the Nainital on
Kathgodam Nainital Highway (NH 87); from Highway
(Baldiakhan bus stop), link road starts to Patwadangar which
is situated at a distance of about 3 km. Kathgodam is well
connected from Delhi, Kolkata, Dehradun through rail and
road. The nearest airport is at Pantnagar which is about 50
km from Patwadangar. One can reach through rail at
Kathgodam or by air at Pantnagar Airport and then onward
journey can be performed through bus/ taxi. Distances to
major places: Nainital (12 km), Kathgodam (29 km), Haldwani
(34 km), Lalkuan (49 km), Delhi (290 km), and Dehradun (335
km).

Cl i mat e

Patwadangar is located in Kumaon hills at a height of
1600 meters above sea level. Generally, climate remains cold
and temperature never goes above 30
0
C in summer. While
visiting this place, woolen clothes are often required. In
winter, sometimes one can also see snowfall.


Cont act Us

Pr of . R.S. Chauhan,
MVSc, PhD FNAVS, FSIIP, FIAVP, Diplomat ICVP, PDCR
ACPPM, OCTT.
Di r ect or
I nst i t ut e of Bi ot echnol ogy
(G.B. Pant Uni v er si t y of Agr i . & Tech.)
Pat wadangar -263128, Nai ni t al
Ut t ar ak hand
: 05942- 241129, 241133, : 05942-24129
: di r _i bt pat wadangar @r edi f f mai l .com,
i bt pat wadangar @gmai l .com

May 28-June 02, 2012







Inst i t ut e of Bi ot echnol ogy
(G.B. Pant Uni ver si t y of Agr i . & Tech.)
Pat wadangar -263 128 (Nai ni t al )
Ut t ar ak hand, Indi a