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GGBS is obtained by a by-product of iron and steel in blast furnace to produce a glassy, granular product that is then ground into a fine powder. GGBS increases the long term strength, durability and resistance to attack in peaty / acidic environments. Steel fibers increases the durability of geopolymer concrete.
GGBS is obtained by a by-product of iron and steel in blast furnace to produce a glassy, granular product that is then ground into a fine powder. GGBS increases the long term strength, durability and resistance to attack in peaty / acidic environments. Steel fibers increases the durability of geopolymer concrete.
GGBS is obtained by a by-product of iron and steel in blast furnace to produce a glassy, granular product that is then ground into a fine powder. GGBS increases the long term strength, durability and resistance to attack in peaty / acidic environments. Steel fibers increases the durability of geopolymer concrete.
IJSRET @ 2014 BEHAVIOUR OF LOW CALCIUM FLYASH BASED GEOPOLYMER CONCRETE STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS WITH GGBS & STEEL FIBRE A. MARIA RAJESH 1 , Dr.C. SELVAMONY 2 , Dr.T.R. SETHURAMAN 3 ,M.SHAJU PRAGASH 4 1 Research Scholar,Anna University-Chennai, Tamilnadu, India 2 Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sun College of Engineering & Technology Tamilnadu, 3 Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Sivaji Engineering College, Tamilnadu, 4 Assistant Professor, Ponjesly Engineering College, Nagercoil,Tamilnadu Abstract: Concrete is one of the fundamental materials in civil engineering especially structural industries. The purpose of this project is to experimentally investigate the effect of geopolymer concrete by replacing cement. One of the most important ingredients in the conventional concrete is the Portland cement. The production of cement in the factory emits enormous amount of carbon- dioxide which pollutes the environment.Therefore, low calcium fly ash based geopolymer concrete is provided. Because, this concrete uses no Portland cement, instead geopolymers cement is used which isobtained from the reaction of low calcium fly ash with the alkaline solution (i.e.) sodium hydroxide and sodium silicate. The geopolymer cement does not pollute the environment and so it is eco-friendly.GGBS is obtained by a by-product of iron and steel in blast furnace to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. It Increases the long term strength, durability and resistance to attack in peaty/acidic environments.Fiber reinforced concrete (FRC) may be defined as a composite materials made with Portland cement, aggregate, and incorporating discrete discontinuous fibers . Steel fibers increases the durability of geopolymer concrete.To enhance the curing ground granulated blast furnace slag is added. It is proposed to determine and compare the differences in properties of geopolymerconcrete with GGBS and steel fiber. The investigation are to be carried out using several tests which include workability test, impact value test , sieve analysis, specific gravity test, compression test, split tensional strength and flexural strength. KeywordsGPC, Low calcium flyash, GGBS, steel fibres, Alkaline liquid, compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural Strength 1. INTRODUCTION Fly ash based Geopolymer concrete is a new material that does not need the presence of Portland cement as a binder. The role of Portland cement is replaced by low calcium flyash. Geopolymer concrete can be manufactured by using low- calcium flyash ,alkaline liquid, coarse aggregate and fine aggregate. 1.1 FLY ASH Fly ash is the waste obtained as a residue from burning of coal in furnaces and locomotives. It is obtained in the form of powder. It is a good pozzalona and can be used for partial replacement. The colour of fly ash is either grey or blackish grey. Fly ash particles are spherical, having small surface area. The size of fly ash generally varies between silt sand and silty clay. Ash is characterized by low specific gravity, uniform gradation and lack of plasticity. The specific gravity of ash particles depends on chemical composition and generally varies from 2 to 2.6 with an average value of about 2.2. The pH of fly ash contacted with water range from 8 to 12. Figure.1.1 Fly Ash International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET) Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 782-789 February 2014 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 0882 IJSRET @ 2014 Coal burning power stations on global basis generate yearly millions of waste including fly ash, bottom ash,and boiler slag and flue gas desulphurization sludge. At present only a small proportion of the coal ash produced is used commercially the rest is disposed of in ponds and landfills with environmental problem and added cost to the utility industry. In addition to these uses, fly ash can be used for treatment of waste water and for conditioning, stabilizing, solidifying waste sludge. 1.2 FINE AGGREGATE Figure.1.2 Fine Aggregate Sand is the fine aggregate. Fine aggregates are the aggregates whose size is less than 4.75mm. In this project, clean and dry river sand available locally will be used. Sand is generally considered to have a lower size limit of about 0.07mm. Material between 0.06 and 0.002mm is classified as silt, and still smaller particles are called clay. 1.3COARSE AGGREGATE The aggregates most of which are retained on the 4.75mm IS sieve are termed as coarse aggregates. In this project coarse aggregates of maximum 20mm are to be used. Figure1.3 Coarse Aggregate Since the aggregates are formed due to natural disintegration of rocks or by the artificial crushing of rock or gravel, they derive many of their properties from the parent rocks. These properties are chemical and mineral composition, specific gravity, hardness, strength, physical and chemical stability, pore structure and colour. Some other properties not possessed by the parent rocks are particle shape and size, surface texture, absorption, etc. All these properties may have a considerable effect on the quality of concrete in fresh and hardened states. 1.4ALKALINE LIQUIDS: In geopolymerization alkaline solution play an important role. The most common alkaline solution used in geopolymerization is a combination of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ) or potassium silicate (K 2 SiO 3 ).In this project a combination of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide is to be chosen as the alkaline liquid. Sodium silicate solution (SiO 2 -29.4%, Na 2 O-14.73% and H 2 O -55.9% by mass and sodium hydroxide solution of 12M concentration (480 gm in 1 kg of solution) are to be prepared. 1.5 Ground granulated blast furnace slag GGBS is obtained by quenching molten iron slag (a by- product of iron and steel-blast furnace in water or steam, to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder.GGBS is used to make durable concrete structures in combination with ordinary Portland cement and/or other pozzolanic materials. GGBS has been widely used in Europe, and increasingly in the United States and in Asia (particularly in Japan and Singapore) for its superiority in concrete durability, extending the lifespan of buildings from fifty years to a hundred years . Figure.1.4 GGBS Concrete made with GGBS cement sets more slowly than concrete made with ordinary Portland cement, International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET) Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 782-789 February 2014 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 0882 IJSRET @ 2014 depending on the amount of GGBS in the cementation material, but also continues to gain strength over a longer period in production conditions. This results in lower heat of hydration and lower temperature rises, and makes avoiding cold joints easier, but may also affect construction schedules where quick setting is required. Use of GGBS significantly reduces the risk of damages caused by alkalisilica reaction (ASR), provides higher resistance to chloride ingress reducing the risk of reinforcement corrosion and provides higher resistance to attacks by sulphate and other chemicals. 1.6 STEEL FIBER Steelfibres are used to increase the tensile strength of the concrete.It also increases the durability. Corrugated steelfibre are used in our project Figure.1.5 Steel Fibers 1.7 SUPERPLASTICIZER Superplasticizers, also known as high range water reducers, are chemicals used as admixtures where well- dispersed particle suspension are required. These polymers are used as dispersants to avoid particle aggregation, and to improve the flow characteristics (rheology) of suspensions such as in concrete applications. Their addition to concrete or mortar allows the reduction of the water to cement ratio, not affecting the workability of the mixture, and enables the production of self-consolidating concrete and high performance concrete. This effect drastically improves the performance of the hardening fresh paste. Indeed the strength of concrete increase whenever the amount of water used for the mix decreases. Figure.1.6 Superplasticizer 1.8 HOT CURING Hot curing is a process for hardening concrete, cement, and mortar that involves exposure to warm air. Materials subjected to this hardening technique tend to cure more uniformly and also much more quickly than those hardened via other processes. There are some disadvantages to this process that must be considered before deciding to use it for curing, and there may be certain applications where steam curing is not appropriate. Figure.1.7 Hot curing chamber In hot curing, objects to be cured are placed inside a chamber or room. Using a control panel, an operator can set the temperature and humidity level. Variations in pressure may also be possible, depending on the device. The hot curing requires a fraction of the time involved with traditional curing and quickly strengthens the products so they can be used immediately International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET) Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 782-789 February 2014 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 0882 IJSRET @ 2014 2. MATERIALS USED 2.1 FLY ASH Fly ash is the waste obtained as a residue from burning of coal in furnaces and locomotives. It is obtained in the form of powder. It is a good pozzalona The colour of fly ash is either grey or blackish grey. Table 1. Properties of Fly ash Sl.No. Property Value 1 Specific Gravity 2.44 2 Fineness 227.8 g/m 2 3 Fineness modulus 5 4 Density 1029.7 Kg/m 3 2.2 Ground granulated blast-furnace SLAG :( GGBS) GGBS is obtained by a by-product of iron and steel in blast furnace to produce a glassy, granular product that is then dried and ground into a fine powder. Table 2. Properties of GGBS Sl.No. Property Value 1 Specific Gravity 2.58 2 Fineness 202.7 g/m 2 3 Fineness modulus 7 4 Density 2067.06 Kg/m 3 2.3 ALKALINE LIQUIDS: In geopolymerization alkaline solution play an important role. The most common alkaline solution used in geopolymerization is a combination of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH) and sodium silicate (Na 2 SiO 3 ) or potassium silicate (K 2 SiO 3 ).In this project a combination of sodium silicate and sodium hydroxide is to be chosen as the alkaline liquid.Sodium silicate solution and sodium hydroxide solution of 10M concentration (400gm in 1L of solution) are to be prepared,(1M=40gm) 2.4 FINE AGGREGATE Fine aggregate used in this research is river sand. Fine aggregates are the aggregates whose size is less than 4.75mm. Sand is generally considered to have a lower size limit of about 0.07mm, also free from clay, minerals and salt. Table 3. Properties of Fine Aggregate Sl.No. Property Value 1 Specific Gravity 2.47 2 Fineness modulus 4.35 3 Water Absorption 6.5% 4 Surface texture smooth 5 Shape Diamond 2.5 COARSE AGGREGATE The aggregates most of which are retained on the 4.75mm IS sieve are termed as coarse aggregates. 20mm size of coarse aggregate is used. Table 4. Properties of Coarse Aggregate Sl.No. Property Value 1 Specific Gravity 2.84 2 Fineness modulus 7.2 3 Water Absorption 8.5% 4 Particle Shape Angular 5 Impact value 9.1% 6 Crushing Value 17.5 2.6 STEEL FIBRES: In this study corrugated steel fibre with the aspect ratio 50 is chosen. Corrugated steel fibres offer cost efficient concrete reinforcement. The fibres are made from low carbon, cold drawn steel wire. They are evenly distributed in concrete mixtures to improve the impact resistance, fatigue endurance and shear strength of concrete. 3. EXPERIMENTAL WORK The cubes are to be tested to find the compressive strength, the cylinders are to be tested to find split tensile strength and prism are to be tested to find flexural strengthof specimen after 1,7,21 and 28days. In each trial, the strength of concrete is noted. Finally the results are to be tabulated and graphically plotted. International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET) Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 782-789 February 2014 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 0882 IJSRET @ 2014 Figure.4.1 NaOH Figure.4.2 Na 2 SiO 3 Figure.4.3 Preparation of Alkaline solution Figure.4.8 slump Test TRIAL MIX DESIGN METHOD TRIAL MIX Unit weight of concrete =2400kg/m 3 Mass of combined concrete =75% Mass of concrete =0.75x2400 =1800 kg/m 3 20mm coarse aggregate =70% =0.7x1800=1260kg/m 3 4.75mm fine sand 30 % =0.3x1800 =540 kg/m 3 Mass of low calcium fly ash &alkaline liquid =2400-1800 =600kg/m 3 Take, liquid to fly ash ratio =0.4 Mass of fly ash =600/(1+0.4) =428.6kg/m 3 Mass of alkaline liquid =600-428.6 =171.4 kg/m 3 Take sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide ratio = 2.5 Mass of sodium hydroxide solution=171.4/ (1+2.5) =48.97kg/m 3 Mass of sodium silicate Solution =171.4- 48.97 =122.43kg/m 3 By trial mix method, with varying proportion of Alkaline solution and flyash the following weight of ingredients were obtained International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET) Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 782-789 February 2014 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 0882 IJSRET @ 2014 Table5:Mixingproportion Ingre dient s Unit Mix 1 (30% of GGBS) Mix 2 (40% of GGBS) Mix 3 (50% of GGBS) Mix 4 (60% of GGBS) Coar se Aggr egate Kg/ m3 1260 1260 1260 1260 Fine Aggr egate Kg/ m3 540 540 540 540 Fly ash Kg/ m3 300.02 257.16 214.3 171.44 GGB S 50% Kg/ m3 128.58 171.44 214.3 257.16 Sodi um Silica te/So dium Hydr oxide 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 Alkal ineso lutio n/FA 0.4 0.4 0.4 0.4 Mola rity of Nao H 12M 12M 12M 12M Sodi Kg/ m3 122.43 122.43 122.43 122.43 um Silica te Sodi um Hydr oxide Kg/ m3 48.97 48.97 48.97 48.97 Steel Fibre (Add ing 1%) Kg/ m3 4.28 4.28 4.28 4.28 4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS The results of this work is obtained mainly through conducting varies laboratory tests and analysis. The results obtained are as follows 4.1 STRENGTH OF CONCRETE From the experimental results it was found that the Compressive strength of mix.1(30% GGBS)was found to be 52.5Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The Compressive strength of mix.2 ((40% GGBS) was found to be 58.5Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The Compressive strength of mix.3 (50% GGBS) was found to be 55.5Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The Compressive strength of mix.4 (60% GGBS) was found to be 51.2Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The optimum strength was obtained in mix.2 The results are tabulated as under Table6:Compressive strength & Time Day s Compressive strength (Mpa) Mix:1 Mix:2 Mix:3 Mix: 4 1 33.2 37.2 35.1 32.2 7 38.7 42.1 39.3 37.5 14 46.0 48.8 46.50 42.5 28 52.5 58.5 55.5 51.2 International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET) Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 782-789 February 2014 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 0882 IJSRET @ 2014 Chart1: Compressive Strength in N/mm 2 From the experimental results it was found that the Split tensile strength of mix.1(30% GGBS)was found to be 10.2Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The Split tensile strength of mix.2 ((40% GGBS) was found to be 11.5Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The Split tensile strength of mix.3 (50% GGBS) was found to be 10.8Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The Split tensile strength of mix.4 (60% GGBS) was found to be 8.50Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The optimum strength was obtained in mix.2 The results are tabulated as under Table6: Split tensile strength & TimeChart1: Split tensile Strength in N/mm 2 Table7:Split Tensile Strength & Time Chart2: Split Tensile Strength in N/mm 2 From the experimental results it was found that the Flexural strength of mix.1(30% GGBS)was found to be 12.5Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The Flexural strength of mix.2 ((40% GGBS) was found to be 13.5Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The Flexural strength of mix.3 (50% GGBS) was found to be 12.5Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The Flexural strength of mix.4 (60% GGBS) was found to be 10.5Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The optimum strength was obtained in mix.2 The results are tabulated as under Table6: Flexural strength & TimeChart1: Flexural Strength in N/mm 2 Table8:Flexural Strength & Time 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 1 day 7 days 14 days 28 days Compressive strength (Mpa) Day s Split Tensile strength (Mpa) Mix:1 Mix:2 Mix:3 Mix: 4 1 6.8 7.2 6.7 6.3 7 7.0 7.8 6.9 6.5 14 8.1 9.6 8.7 7.8 28 10.2 11.5 10.8 8.5 Day s Flexural strength (Mpa) Mix:1 Mix:2 Mix:3 Mix: 4 1 8.1 8.8 8.2 7.5 7 8.3 9.8 8.5 7.8 14 10.2 11.2 10.1 8.6 28 12.5 13.5 12.5 10.5 International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET) Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 782-789 February 2014 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 0882 IJSRET @ 2014 Chart1: Compressive Strength in N/mm 2 From the experimental results it was found that the Split tensile strength of mix.1(30% GGBS)was found to be 10.2Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The Split tensile strength of mix.2 ((40% GGBS) was found to be 11.5Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The Split tensile strength of mix.3 (50% GGBS) was found to be 10.8Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The Split tensile strength of mix.4 (60% GGBS) was found to be 8.50Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The optimum strength was obtained in mix.2 The results are tabulated as under Table6: Split tensile strength & TimeChart1: Split tensile Strength in N/mm 2 Table7:Split Tensile Strength & Time Chart2: Split Tensile Strength in N/mm 2 From the experimental results it was found that the Flexural strength of mix.1(30% GGBS)was found to be 12.5Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The Flexural strength of mix.2 ((40% GGBS) was found to be 13.5Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The Flexural strength of mix.3 (50% GGBS) was found to be 12.5Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The Flexural strength of mix.4 (60% GGBS) was found to be 10.5Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The optimum strength was obtained in mix.2 The results are tabulated as under Table6: Flexural strength & TimeChart1: Flexural Strength in N/mm 2 Table8:Flexural Strength & Time Mix:1 Mix:2 Mix:3 Mix:4 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 1 day 7 days 14 days Compressive strength (Mpa) Day s Split Tensile strength (Mpa) Mix:1 Mix:2 Mix:3 Mix: 4 1 6.8 7.2 6.7 6.3 7 7.0 7.8 6.9 6.5 14 8.1 9.6 8.7 7.8 28 10.2 11.5 10.8 8.5 Day s Flexural strength (Mpa) Mix:1 Mix:2 Mix:3 Mix: 4 1 8.1 8.8 8.2 7.5 7 8.3 9.8 8.5 7.8 14 10.2 11.2 10.1 8.6 28 12.5 13.5 12.5 10.5 International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET) Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 782-789 February 2014 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 0882 IJSRET @ 2014 Chart1: Compressive Strength in N/mm 2 From the experimental results it was found that the Split tensile strength of mix.1(30% GGBS)was found to be 10.2Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The Split tensile strength of mix.2 ((40% GGBS) was found to be 11.5Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The Split tensile strength of mix.3 (50% GGBS) was found to be 10.8Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The Split tensile strength of mix.4 (60% GGBS) was found to be 8.50Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The optimum strength was obtained in mix.2 The results are tabulated as under Table6: Split tensile strength & TimeChart1: Split tensile Strength in N/mm 2 Table7:Split Tensile Strength & Time Chart2: Split Tensile Strength in N/mm 2 From the experimental results it was found that the Flexural strength of mix.1(30% GGBS)was found to be 12.5Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The Flexural strength of mix.2 ((40% GGBS) was found to be 13.5Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The Flexural strength of mix.3 (50% GGBS) was found to be 12.5Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The Flexural strength of mix.4 (60% GGBS) was found to be 10.5Mpa for 28 days after hot curing. The optimum strength was obtained in mix.2 The results are tabulated as under Table6: Flexural strength & TimeChart1: Flexural Strength in N/mm 2 Table8:Flexural Strength & Time 14 days 28 days Compressive strength (Mpa) Mix:1 Mix:2 Mix:3 Mix:4 Day s Split Tensile strength (Mpa) Mix:1 Mix:2 Mix:3 Mix: 4 1 6.8 7.2 6.7 6.3 7 7.0 7.8 6.9 6.5 14 8.1 9.6 8.7 7.8 28 10.2 11.5 10.8 8.5 Day s Flexural strength (Mpa) Mix:1 Mix:2 Mix:3 Mix: 4 1 8.1 8.8 8.2 7.5 7 8.3 9.8 8.5 7.8 14 10.2 11.2 10.1 8.6 28 12.5 13.5 12.5 10.5 International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET) Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 782-789 February 2014 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 0882 IJSRET @ 2014 Chart3: Flexural Strength in N/mm 2 5. CONCLUSION The Optimum compressive strength of GPC specimens (40% of GGBS replacement by flyash) was found to be 58.50Mpa for 28 days after hot curing compare with 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% of GGBS. The Optimum Split tensile strength of GPC specimens (40% of GGBS replacement by flyash) was found to be 11.50Mpa for 28 days after hot curing compare with 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% of GGBS. The Optimum Flexural strength of GPC specimens (40% of GGBS replacement by flyash) was found to be 13.50Mpa for 28 days after hot curing compare with 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% of GGBS. Geopolymer concrete is more environmental friendly and has the potential to replace ordinary Portland cement concrete in many applications such as precast units. It is proposed to study the behaviour of Steel fibre and GGBS in Geopolymer Concrete. It is suggested that to cast and test the Structural elements with the Optimum mix propotional of above high performance GPC where made, this research work should be satisfied. REFERENCE 1. Allouche.E.N, Diaz.E.I, Klund S.E (2008), Factors affecting the suitability of fly ash as source material for geopolymers, Elsevier, Volume 89, pp 992-996. 2. Dattatreva .J.K , Raja mane N.P, Sabetha .D, Ambily P.S (2011), Flexural behaviour of reinforced geopolymer concrete beams, International journal of civil and structural engineering, Volume 2, pp 139-159. 3. Lloyd .N.A, Rangan .B.V (2008), Development and opportunities of geopolymer concrete, our world in concrete and structures, Volume 2, pp 1315-1320. 4. Monfia Olivia, Hamid Nikrz, prabirSarter (2008), Fly ash based geopolymer concrete, International conference ACF/VCA 2008. 5. M.Olivia, P.Sarker, Nikraz.H (2010), Water penetrability of low calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete, ICCB, A (46), PP517-530. 6. Ruixia .H.E, (2010) A study on carbonation for low calcium fly ash concrete under different temperature and relative humidity, International journal of civil engineering, Volume 3, pp 1871-1877. 7. Sathia.R, Ganesh.K, Manusanthanam (2008) , Durability study of low calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete, The 3 rd ACF International Conference pp 1153-1159. 8. UbollukRattanasak, Priya, Chindaprasit (2009), Influence of NaoH solution on the synthesis of fly ash geopolymer, Elsevier, Volume 22, pp 1073-1078. 9. Van Jaarsveld .J G.S, Lukey.G.C, Vanf Deventer J.S.K (2002), the characterisation of source material in fly ash based concrete, Elsevier, Volume 57, pp 1272- 1280. 10. Vijay Rangan.B, DodySumajouw, SteenieHallah, DjwantoroHardjito (2008), Reinforced low calcium fly ash based on GPC beams and columns, ACI Structural Volume 81, pp 32-38. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 1 day 7 days 14 days 28 days Compressive strength (Mpa) International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET) Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 782-789 February 2014 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 0882 IJSRET @ 2014 Chart3: Flexural Strength in N/mm 2 5. CONCLUSION The Optimum compressive strength of GPC specimens (40% of GGBS replacement by flyash) was found to be 58.50Mpa for 28 days after hot curing compare with 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% of GGBS. The Optimum Split tensile strength of GPC specimens (40% of GGBS replacement by flyash) was found to be 11.50Mpa for 28 days after hot curing compare with 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% of GGBS. The Optimum Flexural strength of GPC specimens (40% of GGBS replacement by flyash) was found to be 13.50Mpa for 28 days after hot curing compare with 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% of GGBS. Geopolymer concrete is more environmental friendly and has the potential to replace ordinary Portland cement concrete in many applications such as precast units. It is proposed to study the behaviour of Steel fibre and GGBS in Geopolymer Concrete. It is suggested that to cast and test the Structural elements with the Optimum mix propotional of above high performance GPC where made, this research work should be satisfied. REFERENCE 1. Allouche.E.N, Diaz.E.I, Klund S.E (2008), Factors affecting the suitability of fly ash as source material for geopolymers, Elsevier, Volume 89, pp 992-996. 2. Dattatreva .J.K , Raja mane N.P, Sabetha .D, Ambily P.S (2011), Flexural behaviour of reinforced geopolymer concrete beams, International journal of civil and structural engineering, Volume 2, pp 139-159. 3. Lloyd .N.A, Rangan .B.V (2008), Development and opportunities of geopolymer concrete, our world in concrete and structures, Volume 2, pp 1315-1320. 4. Monfia Olivia, Hamid Nikrz, prabirSarter (2008), Fly ash based geopolymer concrete, International conference ACF/VCA 2008. 5. M.Olivia, P.Sarker, Nikraz.H (2010), Water penetrability of low calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete, ICCB, A (46), PP517-530. 6. Ruixia .H.E, (2010) A study on carbonation for low calcium fly ash concrete under different temperature and relative humidity, International journal of civil engineering, Volume 3, pp 1871-1877. 7. Sathia.R, Ganesh.K, Manusanthanam (2008) , Durability study of low calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete, The 3 rd ACF International Conference pp 1153-1159. 8. UbollukRattanasak, Priya, Chindaprasit (2009), Influence of NaoH solution on the synthesis of fly ash geopolymer, Elsevier, Volume 22, pp 1073-1078. 9. Van Jaarsveld .J G.S, Lukey.G.C, Vanf Deventer J.S.K (2002), the characterisation of source material in fly ash based concrete, Elsevier, Volume 57, pp 1272- 1280. 10. Vijay Rangan.B, DodySumajouw, SteenieHallah, DjwantoroHardjito (2008), Reinforced low calcium fly ash based on GPC beams and columns, ACI Structural Volume 81, pp 32-38. 28 days Mix:1 Mix:2 Mix:3 Mix:4 International Journal of Scientific Research Engineering & Technology (IJSRET) Volume 2 Issue 11 pp 782-789 February 2014 www.ijsret.org ISSN 2278 0882 IJSRET @ 2014 Chart3: Flexural Strength in N/mm 2 5. CONCLUSION The Optimum compressive strength of GPC specimens (40% of GGBS replacement by flyash) was found to be 58.50Mpa for 28 days after hot curing compare with 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% of GGBS. The Optimum Split tensile strength of GPC specimens (40% of GGBS replacement by flyash) was found to be 11.50Mpa for 28 days after hot curing compare with 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% of GGBS. The Optimum Flexural strength of GPC specimens (40% of GGBS replacement by flyash) was found to be 13.50Mpa for 28 days after hot curing compare with 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% of GGBS. Geopolymer concrete is more environmental friendly and has the potential to replace ordinary Portland cement concrete in many applications such as precast units. It is proposed to study the behaviour of Steel fibre and GGBS in Geopolymer Concrete. It is suggested that to cast and test the Structural elements with the Optimum mix propotional of above high performance GPC where made, this research work should be satisfied. REFERENCE 1. Allouche.E.N, Diaz.E.I, Klund S.E (2008), Factors affecting the suitability of fly ash as source material for geopolymers, Elsevier, Volume 89, pp 992-996. 2. Dattatreva .J.K , Raja mane N.P, Sabetha .D, Ambily P.S (2011), Flexural behaviour of reinforced geopolymer concrete beams, International journal of civil and structural engineering, Volume 2, pp 139-159. 3. Lloyd .N.A, Rangan .B.V (2008), Development and opportunities of geopolymer concrete, our world in concrete and structures, Volume 2, pp 1315-1320. 4. Monfia Olivia, Hamid Nikrz, prabirSarter (2008), Fly ash based geopolymer concrete, International conference ACF/VCA 2008. 5. M.Olivia, P.Sarker, Nikraz.H (2010), Water penetrability of low calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete, ICCB, A (46), PP517-530. 6. Ruixia .H.E, (2010) A study on carbonation for low calcium fly ash concrete under different temperature and relative humidity, International journal of civil engineering, Volume 3, pp 1871-1877. 7. Sathia.R, Ganesh.K, Manusanthanam (2008) , Durability study of low calcium fly ash geopolymer concrete, The 3 rd ACF International Conference pp 1153-1159. 8. UbollukRattanasak, Priya, Chindaprasit (2009), Influence of NaoH solution on the synthesis of fly ash geopolymer, Elsevier, Volume 22, pp 1073-1078. 9. Van Jaarsveld .J G.S, Lukey.G.C, Vanf Deventer J.S.K (2002), the characterisation of source material in fly ash based concrete, Elsevier, Volume 57, pp 1272- 1280. 10. Vijay Rangan.B, DodySumajouw, SteenieHallah, DjwantoroHardjito (2008), Reinforced low calcium fly ash based on GPC beams and columns, ACI Structural Volume 81, pp 32-38.