DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II

COMPOSITE BEAMS II
1.0 INTRODUCTION
A steel concrete composite beam consists of a steel beam, oer !"ic" a reinforce#
concrete slab is cast !it" s"ear connectors, as e$plaine# in t"e preio%s c"apter& Since
composite action re#%ces t"e beam #ept", rolle# steel sections t"emseles are fo%n#
a#e'%ate fre'%entl( )for b%il#in*s+ an# b%ilt-%p *ir#ers are *enerall( %nnecessar(& T"e
composite beam can also be constr%cte# !it" profile# s"eetin* !it" concrete toppin*,
instea# of cast-in place or precast reinforce# concrete slab& T"e profile# s"eets are of t!o
t(pes
Trape,oi#al profile
-e-entrant profile
T"ese t!o t(pes are s"o!n in Fi* 1& T"e profile# steel s"eets are proi#e# !it"
in#entations or embossments to preent slip at t"e interface& T"e s"ape of t"e re-entrant
form, itself en"ances interloc. bet!een concrete an# t"e steel s"eet& T"e main a#anta*e
of %sin* profile# #ec. slab is t"at, it acts as a platform an# centerin* at constr%ction sta*e
an# also seres t"e p%rpose of bottom reinforcement for t"e slab&
Version II 22 - 1
(a) Trapezoidal profile
deck
(b) Re-entrant profile
Fig. 1 Types of profile deck
(b) Ribs perpendicular to the beam
Fig. 2. Orientation of Profiled deck slab in a composite beam
(a) Ribs parallel to the beam
22
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
/ Cop(ri*"t resere#
T"e #ec. slab !it" profile# s"eetin* is of t!o t(pes )see Fi* 2+&
T"e ribs of profile# #ec.s r%nnin* parallel to t"e beam
T"e ribs of profile# #ec.s r%nnin* perpen#ic%lar to t"e beam&
2.0 PROVISION FOR SERVICE OPENING IN COMPOSITE BEAMS
T"ere is no! a *ro!in* #eman# for lon*er spans, eit"er for open plan offices, or to
permit *reater fle$ibilit( of office la(o%t, or for open e$"ibition an# tra#in* floors& For
t"ese lon*er spans, t"e c"oice of str%ct%ral form is less clear c%t lar*el( on acco%nt of t"e
nee# for proi#in* for serices satisfactoril(& Serice openin*s can be easil( #esi*ne# in
conentional rolle# steel beams& Conentional constr%ction ma( still be appropriate, b%t
ot"er, more noel, str%ct%ral forms ma( offer econom( or ot"er oerri#in* a#anta*es,
besi#es eas( accommo#ation of serices& Open !eb 0oist floor s(stem ma( be one s%c"
sol%tion for lon*er span )see t"e c"apter on tr%sses+& In fact, man( of t"ese !ere
#eelope# in Great Britain an# a n%mber of Desi*n G%i#es "ae been pro#%ce# b( t"e
Steel Constr%ction Instit%te&
2.1 Sim!e Cons"r#$"ion %i"& Ro!!e' Se$"ions
(1)
For spans in t"e ran*e of 6 to 10 m, per"aps t"e most appropriate form of constr%ction is
rolle# sections an# simple, s"ear onl( connections& Secon#ar( beams at 2.4 m or 3.0 m
centres s%pport li*"t!ei*"t composite floor slabs an# span onto primar( beams, !"ic" in
t%rn frame #irectl( into t"e col%mns& T"e same form of constr%ction ma( also be %se# for
lon*er span floors b%t beam !ei*"ts an# costs increase to t"e point !"ere ot"er forms of
constr%ction ma( be more attractie& Of increasin* concern to #eelopers is t"e proision
of !eb openin*s as t"ese are infle$ible an# t"e( can create #iffic%lties in meetin* t"e
specific nee#s of tenants or in s%bse'%ent resericin* #%rin* t"e life of t"e str%ct%re&
2.2 F*+ri$*"e' Se$"ions
(2)
T"e %se of fabricate# sections for m%lti-store( b%il#in*s "as been e$plore# b( some
1&2&#esi*ners& T"is %sa*e became economic !it" a#ances in t"e semi-a%tomatic
man%fact%re of plate *ir#er sections& Different approac"es to man%fact%re "ae been
#eelope# b( #ifferent fabricators& Si*nificant sain*s in !ei*"t can be ac"iee# #%e to
t"e free#om, !it"in practical limits, to tailor t"e section to s%it its ben#in* moment an#
s"ear force enelopes& Dept", taper an# s"ape flan*e si,e an# !eb t"ic.ness ma( all be
selecte# in#epen#entl( b( t"e #esi*ner&
Fabricate# sections are most li.el( to be economic for spans aboe 12 m& Aboe t"is span
len*t", rolle# sections are increasin*l( "ea( an# a fine-t%ne# fabricate# section is li.el(
to be able to sae on bot" flan*e si,e an# !eb t"ic.ness& 3it" some man%fact%rin*
processes, as(mmetric sections !it" narro! top flan*es can be a#opte#, ac"iein* f%rt"er
!ei*"t sain*s&
Version II 22 - 2
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
T"e free#om to tailor t"e fabrication to t"e re'%irements of t"e #esi*ner allo!s t"e #ept"
of t"e *ir#er to be arie# alon* its len*t" an# to allo! ma0or serices to r%n %n#erneat"
t"e s"allo!er re*ions& A ran*e of s"apes is feasible )see Fi*&3+ of !"ic" t"e semi-tapere#
beam is t"e most efficient str%ct%rall( b%t can onl( accommo#ate relatiel( small #%cts&
T"e strai*"t-tapere# beams s"o!n in Fi* 3(a) offers si*nificantl( more room for #%cts, at
t"e e$pense of some str%ct%ral efficienc(, an# "as proe# to be t"e most pop%lar s"ape to
#ate& Cran.e# taper beams can also be %se#, proi#in* a rectan*%lar space %n#er t"e
beams at t"eir en#s& Fabricate# beams are often emplo(e# to span t"e *reater #istance,
an# s%pportin* s"orter span primar( beams of rolle# sections&
2., -*#n$&e' Be*ms
(,)

In tra#itional m%lti-store( steel frames, t"e conentional !a( to ac"iee econom( is to
%se 4simple5 #esi*n& In a lon* span str%ct%re, t"ere is per"aps t!ice t"e len*t" of primar(
beams compare# to t"e col%mns an# for a lo! rise b%il#in* t"eir mass6metre !ill be
comparable& In t"ese circ%mstances t"e economic balance ma( s"ift in fao%r of
sacrificin* col%mn econom( in or#er to ac"iee *reater beam efficienc( b( "ain*
moment resistin* connections& T"e benefits of contin%it( are partic%larl( si*nificant !"en
stiffness rat"er t"an t"e stren*t" *oerns #esi*n, an# t"is is increasin*l( li.el( as spans
increase& 3"ere f%ll( ri*i# #esi*n is a#opte#, t"e beam to col%mn connection is li.el( to
"ae to #eelop t"e "o**in* ben#in* capacit( of t"e composite section& 1ntil o%r #esi*n
concepts on composite connections are more f%ll( #eelope#, #esi*ners "ae to rel( on
an all-steel connection an# t"is !ill %s%all( re'%ire s%bstantial stiffenin* an# co%l# proe
to be e$pensie&
T"e most strai*"tfor!ar# !a( to re#%ce connection costs is to %se some form of
"a%nc"e# connection )Fi*& 4+7 t"e( occ%p( t"e re*ion belo! t"e beam, !"ic" is an(!a(
necessar( for t"e main serice #%cts& )3it" "a%nc"e# beams, t"e basic section is %s%all(
Version II 22 - ,
Fig. 3. Fabricated sections for commercial buildings
(a) trai!ht Taper
(b) emi-Taper
(c)"ran#ed Taper
(d) tepped $eam
(%here automatic %eldin! is not crucial)
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
too s"allo! for "oles to be forme# in its !eb t"at are s%fficientl( lar*e to accommo#ate
main air-con#itionin* #%cts+& T"%s t"e "a%nc"es simplif( beams of col%mn connection
si*nificantl( an# improe beam capacit( an# stiffness !it"o%t increasin* t"e oerall floor
#ept"&
2.. P*r*!!e! Be*m Aro*$&
(.)
In t"e parallel beam approac", it is t"e secon#ar( beams t"at span t"e *reater #istance& A
er( simple form of constr%ction res%lts as t"e( r%n oer t"e primar( beams an# ac"iee
contin%it( !it"o%t comple$ connections )see Fi*& &+&
T"e primar( or spine beams also ac"iee contin%it( b( bein* %se# in pairs !it" one beam
passin* on eit"er si#e of t"e col%mns& S"ear is transferre# into t"e col%mns b( means of
brac.ets& T"is 4offset5 constr%ction, !"ere members are lai# o%t in t"e t"ree ort"o*onal
#irections #eliberatel( to miss eac" ot"er enable contin%it( of t"e beams to be ac"iee#
!it"o%t t"e "i*" cost of moment resistin* connections7 t"is improes t"e str%ct%ral
efficienc( an# )of partic%lar importance for lon* span constr%ction+ stiffness& T"ere is
also a consi#erable sain* of bot" erection time an# erection cost& Beca%se contin%it( is
s%c" an inte*ral part of t"e approac", it is primaril( applicable for m%lti-ba( la(o%ts&
Version II 22 - .
sections of different size
haunches cut from main beam
Fig. 4 Haunched beams T!o types of haunches
Fig. ". Parallel beam grillage
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
S%perficiall(, t"e approac" appears to lea# to #eeper constr%ction& 8o!eer, beca%se of
contin%it(, t"e primar( an# secon#ar( beams can bot" be er( s"allo! for t"e spans an#
oerall #ept"s are comparable !it" conentional constr%ction& Most importantl(, t"e
separation of t"e t!o beam #irections into #ifferent planes creates an i#eal arran*ement
for t"e accommo#ation of serices&
2./ C*s"e!!*"e' Se$"ions
(/)

Castellate# beams are ma#e from -olle# Steel beams b( fabricatin* openin*s in !ebs,
space# at re*%lar interals& Castellate# sections "ae been %se# for man( (ears )see Fi*&6+
as lon* span roof beams !"ere t"eir attractie s"ape is often e$presse# arc"itect%rall(&
T"e combination of "i*" ben#in* stiffness an# stren*t" per %nit !ei*"t !it" relatiel(
lo! s"ear capacit( is i#eal for carr(in* li*"t loa#s oer lon* spans& As composite floor
beams, t"eir %sa*e is limite# b( s"ear capacit(& T"ese are *enerall( %ns%itable for %se as
primar( beams in a *rilla*e, beca%se t"e associate# s"ears !o%l# re'%ire eit"er stiffenin*
to or infillin* of t"e en# openin*s, t"ereb( increasin* t"e cost to t"e point t"at ot"er t(pes
of beams become economical& 8o!eer, if t"e castellate# sections are %se# to span t"e
lon*er #irection #irectl(, t"en t"e s"ear per beam #rops to t"e leel at !"ic" t"e
%nstren*t"ene# castellate# sections can be %se#&
T"e openin*s in t"e castellate# beams allo! t"e accommo#ation of circ%lar #%cts %se# for
man( air-con#itionin* s(stems& T"ere are, in a##ition, plent( of openin*s for all t"e ot"er
serices, !"ic" can be #istrib%te# t"ro%*"o%t t"e span effectiel( !it"o%t an(
consi#eration of t"eir interaction !it" t"e str%ct%re& It is also possible, near mi#-span, to
c%t o%t one post an# t"ereb( create a m%c" lar*er openin* encompassin* t!o
conentional castellations& T"e s"ear capacit( of t"is openin* !ill nee# caref%l c"ec.in*,
ta.in* #%e acco%nt of eccentric part span loa#in* an# associate# mi#span s"ears& If t"is
openin* nee#s stren*t"enin* t"en lon*it%#inal stiffeners at top an# bottom are li.el( to be
a#e'%ate&
2.0 S"#+ Gir'ers
(0)

St%b Gir#ers comprise a steel bottom c"or# !it" s"ort st%bs connectin* it to t"e concrete
or profile# s"eet slab )Fi*. '+& Openin*s for serices are create# a#0acent to t"e st%bs&
Bottom c"or#s !ill nee# to be proppe# #%rin* constr%ction, if t"is met"o# is %se#&
Version II 22 - /
Fig. #. $astellated beams
Fig.%. &tub girder
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
2.1 Comosi"e Tr#sses
(1)
Consi#er a steel tr%ss actin* compositel( !it" t"e floor slab )Fi*& (+& Bracin* members
can be *enerall( eliminate# in t"e central part of t"e span, so t"at 9 if nee#e# 9 lar*e
rectan*%lar #%cts can pass bet!een bracin* members& T"e c"or#s are fabricate# from T
sections or col# forme# s"apes an# bracin* members from an*les& As is obio%s from t"e
aboe #isc%ssion, seeral innoatie forms of composite beam %sin* profile# steel #ec.
"ae been #eelope# in recent (ears& T"e #esi*ner "as, t"erefore, a !i#e c"oice in
selectin* an appropriate form of floorin* %sin* t"ese concepts&
,.0 BASIC DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
,.1 Desi2n Me"&o' s#22es"e' +3 E#ro$o'e .
(4)
For #esi*n p%rpose, t"e anal(sis of composite section is ma#e %sin* :imit State of
collapse met"o#& )*113(4-1+(& Co#e #eals !it" t"e #esi*n an# constr%ction of onl(
simpl( s%pporte# composite beams& T"erefore, t"e met"o# of #esi*n s%**este# in t"is
c"apter lar*el( follo!s ,"4. Alon* !it" t"is, )*113(4-1+(& Co#e proisions an# its
limitations are also #isc%sse#&
T"e %ltimate stren*t" of composite section is #etermine# from its plastic capacit(,
proi#e# t"e elements of t"e steel cross section #o not fall in t"e semi-compact or slen#er
cate*or( as #efine# in t"e section on plate b%c.lin*& T"e sericeabilit( is c"ec.e# %sin*
elastic anal(sis, as t"e str%ct%re !ill remain elastic %n#er serice loa#in*& F%ll s"ear
connection ens%res t"at f%ll moment capacit( of t"e section #eelops& In partial s"ear
connection, alt"o%*" f%ll moment capacit( of t"e beam cannot be ac"iee#, t"e #esi*n
!ill "ae to be a#e'%ate to resist t"e applie# loa#in*& T"is #esi*n is sometimes preferre#
#%e to econom( ac"iee# t"ro%*" t"e re#%ce# n%mber of s"ear connector to be !el#e# at
site&
,.2 S*n "o 'e"& r*"io
EC; specifies t"e follo!in* span to #ept" )total beam an# slab #ept"+ ratios for !"ic" t"e
sericeabilit( criteria !ill be #eeme# to be satisfie#&
Version II 22 - 0
Fig. '. $omposite trusses
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
Table 1 &pan to (epth ratio as according to )$4

EC;
Simpl( s%pporte# <=-<> )Primar( Beams+
<>-?@ )Secon#ar( Beams+
Contin%o%s <>-?? )Primar( Beams+
??-?= )en# ba(s+
,., E55e$"i6e +re*'"& o5 5!*n2e
A composite beam acts as a T-beam !it" t"e concrete slab as its flan*e& T"e ben#in*
stress in t"e concrete flan*e is fo%n# to ar( alon* t"e brea#t" of t"e flan*e as in Fi* +,
#%e to t"e s"ear la* effect& T"is p"enomenon is ta.en into acco%nt b( replacin* t"e act%al
brea#t" of flan*e ($) !it" an effectie brea#t" (beff )- s%c" t"at t"e area ./0)1 nearl(
e'%als t"e area 2"3,& -esearc" base# on elastic t"eor( "as s"o!n t"at t"e ratio of t"e
effectie brea#t" of slab to act%al brea#t" )beff 4$+ is a f%nction of t"e t(pe of loa#in*,
s%pport con#ition, an# t"e section %n#er consi#eration& For #esi*n p%rpose a portion of
t"e beam span (205 - 335) is ta.en as t"e effectie brea#t" of t"e slab&
Version II 22 - 1
Fig. *. +se of effecti,e !idth to allo! for shear lag
Fig. 1- .alue of
-
for continuous beam as per )$4

1

2

3

4
0.2&)
1
A
2
+ 0.2&)
2
A
3
+
0.(
1
0.'
2
0.(
3
-0.3
4
0.'
3

4
60.&
3
1.&
4
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
In ,"4- t"e effectie brea#t" of simpl( s%pporte# beam is ta.en as o4( on eac" si#e of
t"e steel !eb, b%t not *reater t"an "alf t"e #istance to t"e ne$t a#0acent !eb& For simpl(
s%pporte# beam o B T"erefore,
$ but
4
b
eff


!"ere,
o B T"e effectie span ta.en as t"e #istance bet!een points of ,ero moments&
B Act%al span
$ B Centre to centre #istance of transerse spans for slab&
For contin%o%s beams o is obtaine# from Fi* 10&
,.. Mo'#!*r r*"io
Mo#%lar ratio is t"e ratio of elastic mo#%l%s of steel (,s) to t"e time #epen#ent secant
mo#%l%s of concrete (,cm.)& 3"ile eal%atin* stress #%e to lon* term loa#in* )#ea# loa#
etc&+ t"e time #epen#ent secant mo#%l%s of concrete s"o%l# be %se#& T"is ta.es into
acco%nt t"e lon*-term effects of creep %n#er s%staine# loa#in*& T"e al%es of elastic
mo#%l%s of concrete %n#er s"ort term loa#in* for #ifferent *ra#es of concrete are *ien in
Table 2&
)*113(4 -1+(& "as s%**este# a mo#%lar ratio of 1& for lie loa# an# 30 for #ea# loa#, for
elastic anal(sis of section& It is to be note# t"at a "i*"er al%e of mo#%lar ratio for #ea#
loa# ta.es into acco%nt t"e lar*er creep strain of concrete for s%staine# loa#in*& In ," 4
t"e elastic mo#%l%s of concrete for lon*-term loa#s is ta.en as one-t"ir# of t"e s"ort-term
al%e an# for normal !ei*"t concrete, t"e mo#%lar ratio is ta.en as 6.& for s"ort term
loa#in* an# 20 for lon* term loa#in*&

Table 2 Properties of concrete
Gra#e Desi*nation 7?= 730 73& 740
(fc#)cu (84mm
2
) ?= C@ C= ;@
,cm9&'00(fc#)cu(84mm
2
) ?>=@@ C<??@ CCD?@ CE@=@
,./ S&e*r Conne$"ion
T"e elastic s"ear flo! at t"e interface of concrete an# steel in a composite beam %n#er
%niform loa# increases linearl( from ,ero at t"e centre to its ma$im%m al%e at t"e en#&
Once t"e elastic limit of connectors is reac"e#, re#istrib%tion of forces occ%rs to!ar#s t"e
less stresse# connectors as s"o!n in Fi* 11 in t"e case of fle$ible s"ear connectors )s%c"
as st%#s+& T"erefore at collapse loa# leel it is ass%me# t"at all t"e connectors carr( e'%al
force, proi#e# t"e( "ae a#e'%ate s"ear capacit( an# #%ctilit(& In ,"4- t"e #esi*n
capacit( of s"ear connectors is ta.en as (05 of t"eir nominal static stren*t"& T"o%*", it
ma( be consi#ere# as a material factor of safet(, it also ens%res limit con#ition to be
reac"e# b( t"e fle$%ral fail%re of t"e composite beam, before s"ear fail%re of t"e
interface&
Version II 22 - 4
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
T"e #esi*n stren*t" of some commonl( %se# s"ear connectors as per )*113(4-1+(& is
*ien in Table 1 of t"e preio%s c"apter )Composite Beam-I+&
,.0 P*r"i*! S*5e"3 F*$"or
3.#.1 Partial safety factor for loads and materials / T"e s%**este# partial safet( factors
for loa#, f an# for materials, m are s"o!n in Table 3.
Table 3 Partial safety factors as per the proposed re,isions to 0& '--
7o*' P*r"i*! s*5e"3 5*$"or8 f
Dea# loa#
:ie loa#
<&C=
<&=
M*"eri*!s P*r"i*! s*5e"3 5*$"or8 m
Concrete
Str%ct%ral Steel
-einforcement
<&=
<&<=
<&<=
,.1 Se$"ion C!*ssi5i$*"ions
:ocal b%c.lin* of t"e elements of a steel section re#%ces its capacit(& Beca%se of local
b%c.lin*, t"e abilit( of a steel flan*e or !eb to resist compression #epen#s on its
slen#erness, represente# b( its brea#t"6t"ic.ness ratio& T"e effect of local b%c.lin* is
t"erefore ta.en care of in #esi*n, b( limitin* t"e slen#erness ratio of t"e elements i&e& !eb
an# compression flan*e& T"e classification of !eb an# compression flan*e is presente# in
t"e Table 4.
Table 4 $lassification of $omposite &ection
Version II 22 - 9
Fig 11. &hear flo! at interface
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
T3e o5 E!emen" T3e o5
Se$"ion
C!*ss o5 Se$"ion
P!*s"i$ Com*$" Semi-$om*$"
O%tstan# element
of compression
flan*e
B%ilt %p b(
!el#in*
-olle#
section
b4T : '.+
b4T : (.+
b4T : (. +
b4T : +.+
b4T : 13.6
b4T : 1&.'
3eb, !it" ne%tral
a$is at mi#-#ept"
All
sections
d4t : (3 d4t : 103 d4t : 126
3eb, *enerall( All section
;
103
t
d

!"en R < 0.&

for !el#e# section
( ) (0R 10+
t
d
for rolle# section
( ) R
t
d
=D F>
!"en
R0.& b%t < -0.4&
1.6R 1
126
t
d
+

!"ere,

b B "alf !i#t" of flan*e of rolle# section
T B T"ic.ness of top flan*e
d B clear #ept" of !eb
0
d
=
c

?

!"ere, =c is t"e #istance from t"e plastic ne%tral a$is to t"e e#*e of t"e !eb connecte# to
t"e compression flan*e& B%t if G 2, t"e section s"o%l# be ta.en as "ain* compression
t"ro%*" o%t&
>
f
2&0
constant
t B t"ic.ness of !eb
R B is t"e ratio of t"e mean lon*it%#inal stress in t"e !eb to t"e #esi*n stren*t"&
f> !it" compressie stress ta.en as positie an# tensile stress ne*atie&
If t"e compression flan*e falls in t"e plastic or compact cate*or( as per t"e aboe
classification, plastic moment capacit( of t"e composite section is %se# proi#e# t"e !eb
is not slen#er& For compression flan*e, fallin* in semi-compact or slen#er cate*or( elastic
moment capacit( of t"e section is %se#&
Version II 22 - 10

H 0.6 0.4
(3
t
d
+

DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II

..0 DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS
..1 Momen" Resis"*n$e
4.1.1 1einforced $oncrete &labs2 supported on &teel beams
-einforce# concrete slab connecte# to rolle# steel section t"ro%*" s"ear connectors is
per"aps t"e simplest form of composite beam& T"e %ltimate stren*t" of t"e composite
beam is #etermine# from its collapse loa# capacit(& T"e moment capacit( of s%c" beams
can be fo%n# b( t"e met"o# *ien in )*113(4-1+(&& In t"is co#e a parabolic stress
#istrib%tion is ass%me# in t"e concrete slab& T"e e'%ations %se# are e$plaine# in #etail in
t"e preio%s c"apter )Composite Beam-I+ an# are presente# in Table && -eference can be
ma#e to Fi*& 12 for t"e notations %se# in )*113(4-1+(&.
)* 113(4 ? 1+(&- *ies no reference to profile# #ec. slab an# partial s"ear connection&
T"erefore t"e e'%ations *ien in Table & can be %se# onl( for composite beams !it"o%t
profile# #ec. s"eetin* )i&e&, steel beam s%pportin* concrete slabs+&
NoteI <+ Total compressie force in concrete is ta.en to be .cc90.36 (fc#)cu beff @u an#
actin* at a #ept" of 0.42@u from top of slab, !"ere @u is t"e #ept" of plastic
ne%tral a$is&
Table " 3oment capacity of composite &ection !ith full shear interaction
4according to 0&113'4 5 1*'"6
Version II 22 - 11
Fig. 12. 7otations as per 0& 113'451*'"
b
eff
d
s
3
T
t
@
u
cu c#
>
) (f 0.36
f 0.('
a ) ?
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
Posi"ion o5 P!*s"i$
Ne#"r*! A:is
V*!#e o5 8u Momen" C**$i"3 3p
3it"in slab @u 9 a 2a 4 beff 7p90.('2a f> (dc 6 0.&ds ? 0.42 @u )
Plastic ne%tral a$is
in steel flan*e
( )
$a
d b a2
d @
s eff a
s u
?

+
7p 9 0.('f> A2a (dc60.0( ds ) ?$(@u
? ds )( @u 6 0.16 ds ) B
Plastic ne%tral a$is
in !eb
( )
at
d b 2 2 a
T d @
s eff f a
s u
?
?
+ +
7p 9 0.('f> 2s (dc60.0( ds ) ? 22f
(0.&T60.&( ds )?2t(@u ? ds ?T)(0.&
8u 6 0.0( ds 6 0.& T)
4.1.2 1einforced concrete slabs2 !ith profiled sheeting supported on steel beams
A more a#ance# met"o# of composite beam constr%ction is one, !"ere profile# #ec.
slabs are connecte# to steel beams t"ro%*" st%# connectors& In t"is case t"e steel s"eetin*
itself acts as t"e bottom reinforcement an# infl%ences t"e capacit( of t"e section& Table 6
presents t"e e'%ations for moment capacit( accor#in* to ,"4& T"ese e'%ations are
lar*el( restricte# to sections, !"ic" are capable of #eelopin* t"eir plastic moment of
resistance !it"o%t local b%c.lin* problems& T"ese e'%ations are alrea#( #isc%sse# in t"e
preio%s c"apter& Fi* 13 s"o!s t"e stress #istrib%tion #ia*ram for plastic an# compact
sections for f%ll interaction accor#in* to ,"4& Fi* 14 s"o!s t"e stress #istrib%tion for
"o**in* ben#in* moment&
T"e notations %se# "ere are as follo!sI -

2a 9area of steel section
a 9 partial safet( factor for str%ct%ral steel
c 9 partial safet( factor for concrete
beff 9effectie !i#t" of flan*e of slab
f> 9(iel# stren*t" of steel
(fc#)c> 9c"aracteristic )c(lin#er+ compressie stren*t" of concrete
(fs#) 9 (iel# stren*t" of reinforcement&
hc 9#istance of rib from top of concrete
ht 9total #ept" of concrete slab
h! 9#ept" of centre of steel section from top of steel flan*e
NoteI C(lin#er stren*t" of concrete )fc#)c> is %s%all( ta.en as 0.( times t"e c%be stren*t"
(fc#)cu.
Version II 22 - 12
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
Version II 22 - 1,
Fig.13. 1esistance to sagging bending moment in plastic or compact sections

for full interaction.
0.(&(f
c#
)
c>
4
c
0.(&(f
c#
)
c>
4
c
0.(&(f
c#
)
c> 4 c
3
T
t
$
h
c
6 h
p
3
Fig. 14 1esistance to hogging 9ending 3oment
(a)
f
s#
4
s
f
>
4
a
.
s
.
a1
.
a2
f
>
4
a
(b)
f
s#
4
s
f
>
4
a
f
>
4
a
.
s
.
a1
.
a2
a
(c)
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
Table # Positi,e moment capacity of section !ith full shear connection4:ccording to )$46
Posi"ion o5 P!*s"i$ Ne#"r*! A:is Con'i"ion Momen" C**$i"3 3p
Plastic ne%tral a$is in concrete slab
( Fi*&13b+
( )
a
> a
c eff
c
c> c#
f 2
h b
f

>= & @ + ? 6 ) @ h h
f 2
7
t !
a
> a
p
+

Plastic ne%tral a$is in steel flan*e

(Fi*& 13c) ? 6 + ) + ? 6 )
& t c ac c t ! pl a p
h h @ 8 h h h 8 7 + +
Plastic ne%tral a$is in !eb
(Fi*&13d)
( )
a
> a
a >
c
c> c#
c eff
C
f 2
4C $DTDf
C
f 0.(&
h b < +
? 6 + )
+ ? 6 ? 6 ) + ? 6 )
&
&
c t % a
c t acf c t ! pl a p
h T h @ 8
h T h 8 h h h 8 7
+ +
+ +
Table % 7egati,e moment capacity of section !ith full shear connection 4according )$46
Posi"ion o5 P!*s"i$ Ne#"r*! A:is Con'i"ion Momen" C**$i"3 3p
Plastic ne%tral a$is in steel flan*e
( Fi*&14b+
Plastic ne%tral a$is in !eb
(Fi*& 14c)
Version II 22 - 1.
( )
a
> a
c
c> c#
c eff
f 2 f
h b

<
>= & @
a
> a%
s
s# s
f 2
f 2

<
a
> a
s
s# s
a
> a%
f 2
f 2
f 2

< < a
f 2 3
f 2
7
s
s# s
a
> a
p

+
?
a >
s
s# s
s
s# s
ap p
f t
f 2
a
3 f 2
7 7

6 J J ;
?
?

,
_

+
,
_

+ +
..2 Ver"i$*! S&e*r
In a composite beam, t"e concrete slab resists some of t"e ertical s"ear& B%t t"ere is no
simple #esi*n mo#el for t"is, as t"e contrib%tion from t"e slab is infl%ence# b( !"et"er it
is contin%o%s across t"e en# s%pport, b( "o! m%c" it is crac.e#, an# b( t"e local #etails
of t"e s"ear connection& It is t"erefore ass%me# t"at t"e ertical s"ear is resiste# b( steel
beam alone, e$actl( as if it !ere not composite&
T"e s"ear force resiste# b( t"e str%ct%ral steel section s"o%l# satisf(I
E Ep )1+
!"ere- Ep is t"e plastic s"ear resistance *ien b(,
( )
( ) 3
f
t d
2
f
t 3 0.6 E
a
>
a
>
p
+ sections I %p b%ilt for )
C
+ sections C 8, I, rolle# for )
K

In a##ition to t"is t"e s"ear b%c.lin* of steel !eb s"o%l# be c"ec.e#&

T"e s"ear b%c.lin* of steel !eb can be ne*lecte# if follo!in* con#ition is satisfie#
( )
( ) & 120
t
d
4 6'
t
d
concrete in encase# !eb for
concrete in encase# not !eb for


!"ere,
>
f
2&0

d is t"e #ept" of t"e !eb consi#ere# in t"e s"ear area&

.., Resis"*n$e o5 s&e*r $onne$"ors
T"e #esi*n s"ear resistance of s"ear connectors for slab !it"o%t profile# steel #ec.in*
accor#in* to ,"4 an# )*113(4-1+(& !as alrea#( e$plaine# in t"e preio%s c"apter&
..,.1 E55e$" o5 s&*e o5 'e$; s!*+ on s&e*r $onne$"ion.
T"e profile of t"e #ec. slab "as a mar.e# infl%ence on stren*t" of s"ear connector& T"ere
s"o%l# be a 4&F pro0ection from t"e base of t"e connector to t"e core of t"e soli# slab for
smoot" transfer of s"ear& B%t t"e profile# #ec. slab limits t"e concrete aro%n# t"e
connector& T"is in t%rn ma.es t"e centre of resistance on connector to moe %p, initiatin*
a local concrete fail%re as crac.in*& T"is is s"o!n in Fi* 1&& ," 4 s%**ests t"e follo!in*
re#%ction factor # )relatie to soli# slab+&
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
)<+ Profile# steel #ec.in* !it" t"e ribs parallel to t"e s%pportin* beam&

( ) E '& h h %here 1.0
h
h h
h
b
0.6 #
p
p
p
p
0
p
+

,
_

)?+ Profile# steel #ec.in* !it" t"e ribs transerse to t"e s%pportin* beam&
For st%#s of #iameter not e$cee#in* 20 mm-
( ) D >=
D & @
@ p p
p
p
p
0
r
t
h b and h %here 1.0
h
h h
h
b
8
#

,
_

!"ere,
b0 is t"e aera*e !i#t" of tro%*"
h is t"e st%# "ei*"t
hp is t"e "ei*"t of t"e profile# #ec.in* slab
8r is t"e n%mber of st%# connectors in one rib at a beam intersection )s"o%l#
not *reater t"an 2+&
For st%#s !el#e# t"ro%*" t"e steel #ec.in*, #t s"o%l# not be *reater t"an 1.0 !"en 8r91-
an# not *reater t"an 0.( !"en 2 8
r

... 7on2i"#'in*! S&e*r For$e
4.4.1 Full &hear $onnection
)<+ Sin*le span beams
For sin*le span beams t"e total #esi*n lon*it%#inal s"ear, E

to be resiste# b( s"ear
connectors bet!een t"e point of ma$im%m ben#in* moment an# t"e en# s%pport is *ien
b(I
E
9 .cf 92a f>4a or E
9 0.(& (fc#)c> beff hc4c (()
Version II
Fig. 1". 9eha,iour of a shear connection fi8ed through profile sheeting
22 - 10
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
!"ic"eer is smaller&
)?+ Contin%o%s Span Beams
For contin%o%s span beams t"e total #esi*n lon*it%#inal s"ear, L

to be resiste# b( s"ear
connectors bet!een t"e point of ma$im%m positie ben#in* moment an# an interme#iate
s%pport is *ien b(I
E
9 .cf 6 2s fs# 4s (+)
!"ere, 2s - t"e effectie area of lon*it%#inal slab reinforcement
T"e n%mber of re'%ire# s"ear connectors in t"e ,one %n#er consi#eration for f%ll
composite action is *ien b(I
nf 9 E
4G
!"ere
E

is t"e #esi*n lon*it%#inal s"ear force as #efine# in e'%ation )(+

G #esi*n resistance of t"e connector&
T"e s"ear connectors are %s%all( e'%all( space#&
4.4.2 3inimum degree of shear connection
I#eal plastic be"aio%r of t"e s"ear connectors ma( be ass%me# if a minim%m #e*ree of
s"ear connection is proi#e#, as t"e opport%nit( for #eelopin* local plasticit( are *reater
in t"ese cases
T"e minim%m #e*ree of s"ear connection is #efine# b( t"e follo!in* e'%ationsI
)<+ b t f
2 2 %here 0.03 0.4 n n + C 6

)?+ b t f
2 2 %here 0.03 0.2& n n + 6
)C+ b t f
2 2 %here 0.0 n n ; 6
!"ere
2t is t"e top flan*e area an#
2b is t"e bottom flan*e area&
beam span in metres
../ In"er*$"ion +e"%een s&e*r *n' momen"
Version II 22 - 11
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
Interaction bet!een ben#in* an# s"ear can infl%ence t"e #esi*n of contin%o%s beam& Fi*&
16 s"o!s t"e resistance of t"e composite section in combine# ben#in* )"o**in* or
sa**in*+ an# s"ear& 3"en t"e #esi*n s"ear force, E e$cee#s 0.&Ep)point 2 in t"e Fi*&+,
moment capacit( of t"e section re#%ces non-linearl( as s"o!n b( t"e parabolic c%re 2$,
in t"e presence of "i*" s"ear force& At point $ t"e remainin* ben#in* resistance 7f is t"at
contrib%te# b( t"e flan*es of t"e composite section, incl%#in* reinforcement in t"e slab&
Alon* c%re 2$, t"e re#%ce# ben#in* resistance is *ien b(
!"ere
7 #esi*n ben#in* moment
7f plastic resistance of t"e flan*e alone
7p plastic resistance of t"e entire section
E #esi*n s"ear force
E p plastic s"ear resistance as #efine# in e'%ation (2) an# e'%ation (3).
..0 Tr*ns6erse rein5or$emen"
S"ear connectors transfer t"e interfacial s"ear to concrete slab b( t"r%st& T"is ma( ca%se
splittin* in concrete in potential fail%re planes as s"o!n in Fi* 1'& T"erefore
reinforcement is proi#e# in t"e #irection transerse to t"e a$is of t"e beam& :i.e stirr%ps
in t"e !eb of a reinforce# T beam, t"e reinforcement s%pplements t"e s"ear stren*t" of
t"e concrete& A tr%ss mo#el anal(sis MSee Fi*& 1(N s"o!s, "o! t"e #esi*n s"ear force per
%nit len*t" E
is transferre# t"ro%*" concrete str%ts 2" an# 2$, ca%sin* tension in
reinforcement $"& 8ere Hr is t"e s"ear resistance of a fail%re plane as $-$& T"e mo#el
*ies a #esi*n e'%ation of t"e form
Version II
Fig.1%. &urfaces of potential
shear failure
Fig.1'. Truss model analysis
E
7
7
p
E
p
2
o
$
0.&E
p
7
f
Fig1# 1esistance to combined bending and ,ertical shear
( ) ( ) <@ < ? <
?
1
1
]
1

,
_

+
p
f p f
E
E
7 7 7 7
22 - 14
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
( )
( ) <<
?
s
s# sH
c
c> c#
cH r
f 2
f
f 2 H
E

+

,
_

!"ere,
2cH B cross sectional area of concrete s"ear s%rface per %nit len*t" of beam
2sH B Area of transerse reinforcement&
T"e form%lae s%**este# b( ,"4 an# )*113(4 ? 1+(& are *ien in Table >&
/.0 EFFECT OF CONTINUIT<
T"e aboe #esi*n form%lae are applicable to simpl( s%pporte# beams as !ell as to
contin%o%s beams& Besi#es t"ese, a contin%o%s beam necessitates t"e c"ec. for t"e
stabilit( of t"e bottom flan*e, !"ic" is in compression #%e to "o**in* moments at
s%pports&
/.1 Momen" *n' S&e*r Coe55i$ien"s 5or $on"in#o#s +e*m
In or#er to #etermine t"e #istrib%tion of ben#in* moments %n#er t"e #esi*n loa#s,
Str%ct%ral anal(sis "as to be performe#& For conenience, t"e )* 4&6-1+'( lists moment
coefficients as !ell as s"ear coefficients t"at are close to e$act al%es of t"e ma$im%m
loa# effects obtainable from ri*oro%s anal(sis on an infinite n%mber of e'%al spans on
point s%pports& Table + *ies t"e ben#in* moment coefficients an# Table 10 *ies t"e
s"ear coefficients accor#in* to )* 4&6-1+'(& T"ese coefficients are applicable to
contin%o%s beams !it" at least t"ree spans, !"ic" #o not #iffer b( more t"an 1& percent
of t"e lon*est& T"ese al%es are also applicable for composite contin%o%s beams&
Table' $omparison of )$4 and 0&113'4 / 1*'" pro,isions
for trans,erse reinforcement
)$4 0& 113'4 / 1*'"
Version II 22 - 19
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
Hr 92.& 2cH62e fs# 4s 6Hpd
or
Hr 90.2 2cH(fc#)c>4c 6Epd 43
2e is t"e s%m of t"e cross sectional areas
of transerse reinforcement )ass%me# to be
perpen#ic%lar to t"e beam+ per %nit len*t" of
beam crossin* t"e s"ear s%rface %n#er
consi#eration incl%#in* an( reinforcement
proi#e# for ben#in* of t"e slab&
2cH mean cross sectional area per %nit len*t"
of t"e beam of t"e concrete s"ear s%rface
%n#er consi#eration&
9 1 for normal !ei*"t concrete
9 0.360.'(/24) for li*"t !ei*"t concrete
basic s"ear stren*t" to be ta.en as
@&?= fct#4c- !"ere fct# is t"e c"aracteristic
tensile stren*t" of concrete&
Epd contrib%tion of profile# steel
s"eetin*, if an(
B 2pf>p4ap
(for ribs r%nnin* perpen#ic%lar to t"e beam+
B Gpb 4s b%t 2pf>p 4ap
(for ribs r%nnin* parallel to t"e beam+
Gpd #esi*n resistance of t"e "ea#e# st%#
a*ainst "ea#e# st%# a*ainst tearin*
t"ro%*" t"e steel s"eet&
2p cross-sectional area of t"e profile
steel s"eetin* per %nit len*t" of t"e
beam
f>p (iel# stren*t" of steel s"eetin*&
s is t"e spacin* centre to centre of t"e
st%#s alon* t"e beam
Hr 9 8c..c 4s :0.232 Is (fc#)cu 6
0.1 2sH f>n : 0.623 Is (fc#)cu
!"ere, 8c is t"e n%mber of a s"ear
connector at a section
.c 9 :oa# in #8 on one connector at
%ltimate loa#
s 9 Spacin* of connectors in m
Is - :en*t" of s"ear s%rface )mm as
s"o!n in Fi*&) =# + of preio%s
c"apter b%t 2ds for T - beam ds
for I 9 beam
2sH B Area of transerse reinforcement in
cm per metre of beam&
n 9 2 for T beam
n 9 1 for : 9 beams
M n is t"e n%mber of times eac" lo!er
transerse reinforcement intersects s"ear
s%rface&N
Table+ $endin! moment coefficients accordin! to )* 4&6-1+'(
Version II 22 - 20
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
T<PE OF 7OAD SPAN MOMENTS SUPPORT MOMENTS
Near
mi##le
span
At mi##le of
interior span
At s%pport ne$t
to t"e en#
s%pport
At ot"er interior
s%pports
Dea# loa# A Impose#
loa# )fi$e#+
A <6<? A<6?; - <6<@ - <6<?
Impose# loa# )not
fi$e#+
A<6<@ A<6<? - <6F - <6F
For obtainin* t"e ben#in* moment, t"e coefficient s"all be m%ltiplie# b( t"e total #esi*n
loa# an# effectie span&
Table 1- &hear force coefficients
T<PE OF
7OAD
A" en'
s#or"
A" s#or" ne:" "o "&e en'
s#or"
A" *!! o"&er
in"erior
s#or"s O%ter si#e Inner si#e
Dea# loa# A
Impose#
loa#)fi$e#+
@&;@ @&E@ @&== @&=@
Impose# loa#)not
fi$e#+
@&;= @&E@ @&E@ @&E@
For obtainin* t"e s"ear force, t"e coefficient s"all be m%ltiplie# b( t"e total #esi*n loa#
/.2 7*"er*! Torsion*! B#$;!in2 o5 Con"in#o#s Be*ms
T"e concrete slab is %s%all( ass%me# to preent t"e %pper flan*e of t"e steel section from
moin* laterall(& In ne*atie moment re*ions of contin%o%s composite beams t"e lo!er
flan*e is s%b0ecte# to compression& 8ence, t"e stabilit( of bottom flan*e s"o%l# be
c"ec.e# at t"at re*ion& T"e ten#enc( of t"e lo!er flan*e to b%c.le laterall( is restraine#
b( t"e #istortional stiffness of t"e cross section& T"e ten#enc( for t"e bottom flan*e to
#isplace laterall( ca%ses ben#in* of t"e steel !eb, an# t!istin* at top flan*e leel, !"ic"
is resiste# b( ben#in* of t"e slab as s"o!n in Fi*& 1+&
:ocal-Torsional B%c.lin* of Contin%o%s Beams can be ne*lecte# if follo!in* con#itions
are satisfie#&
<& a#0acent spans #o not #iffer in len*t" b( more t"an 205 of t"e s"orter span or !"ere
t"ere is a cantileer, its len*t" #oes not e$cee# 1&5 of t"e a#0acent span&
?& t"e loa#in* on eac" span is %niforml( #istrib%te# an# t"e #esi*n permanent loa#
e$cee#s 405 of t"e total loa#&
Version II
Fig 1* 0n,erted / + frame :ction
22 - 21
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
C& t"e s"ear connection in t"e steel-concrete interface satisfies t"e re'%irements of
section 4.4
;&

a
"
&&0 mm
0.0 SERVICEABI7IT<
Composite beams m%st also be c"ec.e# for a#e'%ac( in t"e Sericeabilit( :imit State& It
is not #esirable t"at steel (iel#s %n#er serice loa#& To c"ec. t"e composite beams
sericeabilit( criteria, elastic section properties are %se#&
)*113(4-1+(& limits t"e ma$im%m #eflection of t"e composite beam to 432&& T"e total
elastic stress in concrete is limite# to )fc#)cu 4 3 !"ile for steel, consi#erin* #ifferent sta*es
of constr%ction, t"e elastic stress is limite# to 0.(' f>& 1nfort%natel( t"is is an error ma#e
in t"e Co#e as t"e same limits are applie# for steel in #eterminin* t"e %ltimate resistance
of t"e cross section& Since ,"4 *ies e$plicit *%i#ance for c"ec.in* sericeabilit( :imit
State, t"erefore t"e met"o# #escribe# belo! follo!s ," 4.
0.1 De5!e$"ion
T"e elastic properties releant to #eflection are section mo#%l%s an# moment of inertia of
t"e section& Appl(in* appropriate mo#%lar ratio m t"e composite section is transforme#
into an e'%ialent steel section& T"e moment of inertia of %ncrac.e# section is %se# for
calc%latin* #eflection& Normall( %nfactore# loa#s are %se# for for sericeabilit( c"ec.s&
No stress limitations are ma#e in ," 4.
1n#er positie moment t"e concrete is ass%me# %ncrac.e#, an# t"e moment of inertia is
calc%late# asI
( )
( )
( ) 12 )
12m
h b
mr 1 4
h 2h h 2
)
a
3
c eff
2
a p c a
+ +
+
+ +

!"ere
m is t"e ratio of t"e elastic mo#%li of steel to concrete ta.in* into acco%nt creep&
c eff
a
h b
2
r
)a is t"e moment of inertia of steel section&
#.1.1 &imply supported 9eams
T"e mi#-span #eflection of simpl( s%pporte# composite beam %n#er #istrib%te# loa# % is
*ien b(
Version II
)<C+
) , 3(4
&%
a
4
c


22 - 22
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
!"ere, ,a is t"e mo#%l%s of elasticit( of steel&
) is t"e *ross %ncrac.e# moment of inertia of composite section&
#.1.2 0nfluence of partial shear connection
Deflections increase #%e to t"e effects of slip in t"e s"ear connectors& T"ese effects are
i*nore# in composite beams #esi*ne# for f%ll s"ear connection& To ta.e care of t"e
increase in #eflection #%e to partial s"ear connection, t"e follo!in* e$pression is %se#&
!"ere
a an# c are #eflection of steel beam an# composite beam respectiel( !it" proper
sericeabilit( loa#&
NoteI For
i*nore# be %s%all( can tion simplifica a##itional t"is , 0.&
n
n
f
p

#.1.3 &hrinkage induced deflections

For simpl( s%pporte# beams, !"en t"e span to #ept" ratio of beam e$cee#s 20, or !"en
t"e free s"rin.a*e strain of t"e concrete e$cee#s 400 J 10
-6
s"rin.a*e, #eflections s"o%l#
be c"ec.e#& In practice, t"ese #eflections !ill onl( be si*nificant for spans *reater t"an
12 m in e$ceptionall( !arm #r( atmosp"eres& T"e s"rin.a*e in#%ce# #eflection is
calc%late# %sin* t"e follo!in* form%laI
( ) <E
2
s s
0.12&K
!"ere
is t"e effectie span of t"e beam&
Ks is t"e c%rat%re #%e to t"e free s"rin.a*e strain- *ien b(
( )
( )
( ) <D
< ?
?
c
a p c s
s
) mr
2 h h h
K
+
+ +

m mo#%lar ratio appropriate for s"rin.a*e calc%lations )m920+

NoteI T"is form%la i*nores contin%it( effects at t"e s%pports&
#.1.4 $ontinuous 9eams
Version II
( )
( ) <= on constr%cti %nproppe# for
O
O
<; on constr%cti proppe# for
O
O

,
_

,
_

,
_

,
_

+
1
n
n
1 0.3 1
1
n
n
1 0.& 1
c
a
f
p
c
c
a
f
p
c

22 - 2,
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
In t"e case of contin%o%s beam, t"e #eflection is mo#ifie# b( t"e infl%ence of crac.in* in
t"e "o**in* moment re*ions )at or near t"e s%pports+& T"is ma( be ta.en into acco%nt b(
calc%latin* t"e secon# moment of area of t"e crac.e# section %n#er ne*atie moment
)i*norin* concrete+& In a##ition to t"is t"ere is a possibilit( of (iel#in* in t"e ne*atie
moment re*ion& To ta.e acco%nt of t"is t"e ne*atie moments ma( be f%rt"er re#%ce#& As
an appro$imation, a #eflection coefficient of 343(4 is %s%all( appropriate for #eterminin*
t"e #eflection of a contin%o%s composite beam s%b0ect to %niform loa#in* on e'%al
a#0acent spans& T"is ma( be increase# to 443(4 for en# spans& T"e secon# moment of area
of t"e section is base# on t"e %ncrac.e# al%e&
#.1." $rack $ontrol
Crac.in* of concrete s"o%l# be controlle# in cases !"ere t"e f%nctionin* of t"e str%ct%re
or its appearance !o%l# be affecte#& In or#er to aoi# t"e presence of lar*e crac.s in t"e
"o**in* moment re*ions, t"e amo%nt of reinforcement s"o%l# not e$cee# a minim%m
al%e *ien b(,
( ) <> J J
s
ct
c
c
s
f
# #
2
2
p

!"ere
p is t"e percenta*e of steel
#c is a coefficient #%e to t"e ben#in* stress #istrib%tion in t"e section) #c 0.++
# is a coefficient acco%ntin* for t"e #ecrease in t"e tensile stren*t" of concrete
)# (+
fct is t"e effectie tensile stren*t" of concrete& A al%e of 3 84mm
2
is t"e minim%m
a#opte#&
s is t"e ma$im%m permissible stress in concrete&
1.0 CONC7USION
T"is c"apter s%mmarises t"e met"o# of #esi*n of composite beams, connecte# to soli#
slab, as !ell as profile# #ec. slab& T!o #esi*n e$amples follo! t"is c"apter, !"ere
#esi*ns of simpl( s%pporte# an# contin%o%s composite beams "ae been presente# in
#etail& T"e #esi*n of simpl( s%pporte# beam follo!s )*113(4-1+(& !"ereas, t"e #esi*n
of contin%o%s beam follo!s ,"4&
4.0 REFERENCES
<& :a!son, -&M&, P Desi*n of composite slabs an# beams !it" steel #ec.in*P, SCI
P%blications, P@=@, <FFC&
?& O!ens, G& 3&, P Desi*n of fabricate# composite beams in b%il#in*sP, SCI
P%blications P@=F, <F>F&
C& :a!son, -&M& an# -ac."am, Q& 3&, P Desi*n of "a%nc"e# composite beams in
b%il#in*sP, SCI P%blications, P@E@, <F>F&
Version II 22 - 2.
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
;& Brett, P&, an# -%s"ton, Q&, P Parallel beam approac"- a #esi*n *%i#eP, SCI
P%blications, P@D;, <FF@&
=& 2no!les, P&-&, PDesi*n of castellate# beamsP, SCI P%blication P@@=, <F>=&
E& :a!son, -& M& an# McConnel, -&, P Desi*n of st%b *ir#ersP, SCI P%blications, P<<>,
<FFC&
D& Merrill, S& 2&,P Desi*n of composite tr%ssesP, SCI P%blications, P@>C, <FF?&
>& ENL <FF;-<-<I EC;I Desi*n of composite steel an# concrete str%ct%res, Part <&<I
General r%les an# r%les for b%il#in*s&
F& Qo"nson, -& P&, PComposite Str%ct%res of Steel an# ConcreteP, O$for# Blac.!ell
Scientific P%blications, :on#on, <FF;
<@& )*113(4-1+(&, Co#e of Practice for Composite Constr%ction in Str%ct%ral Steel
an# Concrete&
S"r#$"#r*! S"ee!
Desi2n Pro=e$"
C*!$#!*"ion S&ee"
Qob NoI S"eet 1 of 11 -e
Qob TitleI (esign of simply supported 9eam
3or.e# E$ampleI 1
Ma#e B( 09 Date
C"ec.e# B( GL Date
Version II 22 - 2/
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
P1O9;)3 1
3esi!n a simpl> supported composite beam %ith 10m span sho%n (dotted line) in
the fi!ure belo%. The thic#ness of slab is 12& mm. The floor is to carr> an imposed
load of 3.0 #84m
2
- partition load of 1.& #84m
2
and a floor finish load of 0.& #84m
2
<i,en (ata
)mposed load 3.0 #84m
2
Gartition load 1.& #84m
2
.loor finish load 0.& #84m
2
"onstruction load 0.'& #84m
2
(ata assumed
( fc#)cu 30 84mm
2
f> 2&0 84mm
2
3ensit> of concrete 24 #84m
3
Partial safety factors
Ioad .actor- f
for II 1.&
for 3I 1.3&
7aterial .actor- m
teel 1.1&
"oncrete 1.&
Reinforcement 1.1&
S"r#$"#r*! S"ee!
Desi2n Pro=e$"
C*!$#!*"ion S&ee"
Qob NoI S"eet 2 of 11 -e
Qob TitleI (esign of simply supported 9eam
3or.e# E$ampleI 1
Ma#e B( 09 Date
C"ec.e# B( GL Date
Version II
3m
10 m
22 - 20
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
&tep 1 ;oad $alculation
"onstruction sta!e
i) elf %ei!ht of slab 9 3 D 0.12& D 24 9 + #84m
ii) elf %ei!ht of beam 9 0.'1 #84m (assumin! )7$ 4&0)
iii) "onstruction load 9 0.'& D 3 9 2.2& #84m
Total desi!n load at "onstruction ta!e
9 M1.& D 2.2& 6 1.3& D (+ 6 0.'1) 916.& #84m

"omposite sta!e
3ead Ioad
i) elf %ei!ht of slab 9 + #84m
ii) elf %ei!ht of beam 9 0.'1 #84m
iii) Ioad from floor finish 9 0.& D 3 91.& #84m
Total 3ead Ioad 9 11.2 #84m
S"r#$"#r*! S"ee!
Desi2n Pro=e$"
C*!$#!*"ion S&ee"
Qob NoI S"eet 3 of 11 -e
Qob TitleI (esign of simply supported 9eam
3or.e# E$ampleI 1
Ma#e B( 09 Date
C"ec.e# B( GL Date
Version II
)7$ 4&0
3000mm
12& mm
22 - 21
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
IiHe Ioad
i) )mposed load 9 3 D 3 9 +.0 #84m
ii) Ioad from partition %all 9 1.& D 3 9 4.& #84m

Total IiHe Ioad 9 13.& #84m
3esi!n load carried b> composite beam9 (1.3& D 11.2 6 1.& D 13.&) 9 3&.4 #84m
&tep 2 $alculation of 9ending 3oment
"onstruction ta!e
7 9 16.& D 10
2
4( 9206 #8m
"omposite ta!e
7 9 3&.4 D 10
2
4( 9 442 #8m
&tep 3 $lassification of $omposite &ection
ectional Groperties
T 9 1'.4mmN
3 9 4&0 mmN
t 9 +.4 mm
)@ 9 303.+ D 10
6
mm
4
)> 9 (.34 D 10
6
mm
4
O@ 9 13&0D10
3
mmN
r> 9 30.1 mm
"lassification of composite section
0.& $4T90.&D1&041'.494.3: (.+
d4t9(4&0-2D1'.4)4+.4944.2 : (3
Therefore the section is a plastic section.
&tep 4 $heck for the ade=uacy of the section at construction stage
3esi!n moment in construction sta!e 9 206 #8m
Refer Table 4
S"r#$"#r*! S"ee!
Desi2n Pro=e$"
C*!$#!*"ion S&ee"
Qob NoI S"eet 4 of 11 -e
Qob TitleI (esign of simply supported 9eam
3or.e# E$ampleI 1
Ma#e B( 09 Date
C"ec.e# B( GL Date
Version II 22 - 24
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
7oment of resistance of steel section
9f>dD Op
9A(2&041.1&) D 1.14 D 13&0.' D 10
3
B410
6
#8m
9334.' #8m < 206 #8m
2s the top flan!e of the steel beam is unrestrained and under compression-
stabilit> of the top flan!e should be chec#ed.
&tep " $heck for ;ateral 9uckling of the top flange
.rom clause 6.2.4- )*(00-1+(4
,lastic critical stress- fcb is !iHen b>
1
1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

2
>
>
&
1
2
1 cb
#
3
T
r 20
1
1
r
26.&D10
c
c
# f
?
?

#1 9 1 (as 9 1.0)
#2 9 0 (as 9 0.&)
c2 9 c1 9 22& mmN
T 9 1'.4 mmN
3 9 4&0 mmN
9 10-000 mmN
r> 9 30.1 mm
?
?
?
6 C mm 8 '
30.1D4&0
10000D1'.4
20
1
1
30.1
10000
26.&D10
f
&
cb

1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

Therefore the bendin! compressiHe stress in beams

( ) ( ) [ ]
64.+
f f
Df f
.
1.4
1
1.4
>
1.4
cb
> cb
cb

+

84mm
2
7oment at construction sta!e 9 206 #8m
S"r#$"#r*! S"ee!
Desi2n Pro=e$"
C*!$#!*"ion S&ee"
Qob NoI heet " of 11 -e
Qob TitleI (esign of simply supported 9eam
3or.e# E$ampleI 1
Ma#e B( 09 Date
C"ec.e# B( GL Date
Version II 22 - 29
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
7a@imum stress at top flan!e of steel section
? ?
6 6 mm 8 64.+ mm 8 1&2.&
303.+ D 10
D22& 206D10
.
6
6
cb
>
o- %e haHe to reduce the effectiHe len!th of the beam.
GroHide 2 lateral restraints %ith a distance of appro@imatel> 3330 mm bet%een them
.rom clause 6.2.4- )*(00-1+(4

2
2
2
&
cb
84mm .6 2+
30.1D4&0
D1'.4 3330
20
1
1
30.1
3330
26.&D10
f F
1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

Therefore the bendin! compressiHe stress in beams

( ) ( ) [ ]
16&.+
2&0 2++.6
2&0 D 2++.6
.
1.4
1
1.4 1.4
cb

+

84mm
2
.cb916&.+ <1&2.& 84mm
2
8ote* These restraints are to be #ept till concrete hardens.
&tep# $heck for ade=uacy of the section at $omposite stage
$endin! 7oment at the composite ta!e- 7 9 442 #8m
,ffectiHe breadth of slab is smaller of
). span 44 9 1000044 9 2&00 mm
)). "4" distance bet%een beams 9 3000 mm
0ence- beff 9 2&00 mm

S"r#$"#r*! S"ee!
Desi2n Pro=e$"
C*!$#!*"ion S&ee"
Qob NoI S"eet # of 11 -e
Qob TitleI (esign of simply supported 9eam
3or.e# E$ampleI 1
Ma#e B( 09 Date
C"ec.e# B( GL Date
Version II 22 - ,0
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
Gosition of neutral a@is
( )
20.1
D30 0.36
0.('D2&0
f 0.36
0.('f
a
cu c#
>

2a 9 +22' mm
2
a 2a 9 20.1D +22'91.(& D 10
&
mm
2
beff ds 9 2&00 D 12& 9 3.13 D 10
&
mm
2
< a2a
0ence G82 lies in concrete
Gosition of neutral a@is

slab the of top the from mm '4.3
00 0.36D30D2&
2&0 0.('D+22'D
@
u

7oment Resistance of the section- 7p
7p 90.('2af>(dc60.&ds-0.42@u)
90.('D+22'D2&0(2('.&60.&D12&-0.42D'4.3)
9640 #8m<442 #8mm
S"r#$"#r*! S"ee!
Desi2n Pro=e$"
C*!$#!*"ion S&ee"
Qob NoI S"eet % of 11 -e
Qob TitleI (esign of simply supported 9eam
3or.e# E$ampleI 1
Ma#e B( 09 Date
C"ec.e# B( GL Date
Version II
"./ of teel
beam
d
s
12&m
m
2&00mm
0.&d
s
d
c
)7$ 4&0
0.36(f
c#
)
cu
b
eff
@
u
@
u
0.('f
>
2
a
0.42

@
u
22 - ,1
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
&tep% (esign of shear connectors
The position of neutral a@is is %ithin slab.
Total load carried b> connectors
.cc 9 0.36(fc#)cu beff @u 9 (0.36 D 30 D 2&00 D '4.3)41000 #8
9 2006 #8
2s per Table 1("omposite $eam-)))- the desi!n stren!th of 20 mm (dia) headed stud
for 730 concrete is &( #8
8umber of shear connectors rePuired for 1042 m 9 & m len!th
9 2006 4&( 34
These are spaced uniforml>
pacin! 9 &000434 9 14' mm 14& mm
)f t%o connectors are proHided in a ro% the spacin! %ill be 9 14& D 2 9 2+0 mm
&tep' &er,iceability check
7odular ratio for liHe load 9 1&
7odular ratio for deal load 9 30
416 (eflection

.or dead load deflection is calculated usin! moment of inertia of steel beam onl>
( )
mm 20.(
D303.+1D10 3(4D2D10
10000 &D+.'1D
Q
6 &
4
d

.or liHe load deflection is calculated usin! moment of inertia of composite section
To find the moment of inertia of the composite section %e haHe to first locate the
position of neutral a@is.
S"r#$"#r*! S"ee!
Desi2n Pro=e$"
C*!$#!*"ion S&ee"
Qob NoI S"eet ' of 11 -e
Qob TitleI (esign of simply supported 9eam
3or.e# E$ampleI 1
Ma#e B( 09 Date
C"ec.e# B( GL Date
Version II 22 - ,2
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
Gosition of neutral a@is
2 (d! ?ds) : R(beff 4e) ds
2
+22' (3&0 ? 12&) : R D 2&0041& D 12&
2
2.0( D 10
6
: 1.3D 10
6
%hich is not true
8.2. depth e@ceeds ds
( )
mm 1&0.'& @
2
12&
@ D12&D
1&
2&00
@ 12&
2
4&0
+22'
d
@ d
m
b
@ d 2
u
u u
s
u s
eff
u ! a

,
_

,
_

,
_

?
7oment of inertia of the !ross section- )!
( ) ( )
( )
4 6
2
2
2 6
s u
2
s
s
e
eff
u ! a @ !
mm (&+.6D10
2
12&
1&0.'&
12
12&
1&
2&00D12&
1&0.'& 3&0 +22' 303.+1D10
d @
12
d
d
b
@ d 2 ) )

1
1
]
1

,
_

+ + +
1
1
]
1

+ + +
? ?

( )
32&
mm 32.
mm 11.4 20.( 3eflection Total
mm 11.4
D(&+.6D10 3(4D2D10
10000 &D1&D
l d
6 &
4
l

>
+ +

?
O O
O
The section fails to satisf> the deflection chec#.
S"r#$"#r*! S"ee!
Desi2n Pro=e$"
C*!$#!*"ion S&ee"
Qob NoI S"eet * of 11 -e
Qob TitleI (esign of simply supported 9eam
3or.e# E$ampleI 1
Ma#e B( 09 Date
C"ec.e# B( GL Date
Version II 22 - ,,
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
426 &tresses
"omposite ta!e
3ead Ioad
)n composite sta!e- dead load Sd
Sd 9 11.2 #84m
7 9 11.2 D 10
2
4( 9 140 #8m
Gosition of neutral a@is
2ssumin! neutral a@is lies %ithin the slab
2 (d! ?ds) : R beff. ds
2
4e

+22' (3&0 ? 12&) : R D 2&00430 D 12&
2

2.0'D 10
6
< 6.&D 10
&

8.2. depth e@ceeds ds
Iocation of neutral a@is

7oment of 2rea of the section
7odular ratio
for dead load-
e 9 30
S"r#$"#r*! S"ee!
Desi2n Pro=e$"
C*!$#!*"ion S&ee"
Qob NoI S"eet 1- of 11 -e
Qob TitleI (esign of simply supported 9eam
3or.e# E$ampleI 1
Ma#e B( 09 Date
C"ec.e# B( GL Date
Version II
( )
1+'.&mm @
2
12&
@ D12&D
30
2&00
@ 12&
2
4&0
+22'
d
@ d
m
b
@ d 2
u
u u
s
u s
eff
u ! a

,
_

,
_

,
_

?
( ) ( )
1
1
]
1

+ + +
? ?
s u
2
s
s
eff
u ! a @ !
d @
12
d
m
d b
@ d 2 ) )
22 - ,.
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II

tress in steel flan!e 9
( )
2
6
6
84mm '3.2
'21.+D10
1+'.& 12& 4&0 140D10

+
IiHe load
)n composite sta!e stress in steel for liHe load
Sl 913.& #84m
7 9 13.&D 10
2
4( 9 16(.'& #8m
tress in steel flan!e 9
( )
2
6
6
84mm (3.2+
(&+.6D10
1&0.'& 12& 4&0 16(.'&D10

+
Total stress in steel 9 '3.2 6 (3.2+ 9 1&6.& 84mm
2
: allo%able stress in steel

)n a similar procedure the stress in concrete is found.
( )
2 cu c#
6
6
6
6
84mm 10
f
3.2&
(&+.6D10
D1&0.'& 16(.'&D10
1&
1
'21.+D10
D1+'.&4 140D10
30
1
<

'

'

C
The section is safe.
ince the section does not satisf> the deflection chec#- therefore trial can be made
%ith hi!her steel section
&tep * Trans,erse reinforcement
hear force transferred per metre len!th
Refer Table 6
S"r#$"#r*! S"ee!
Desi2n Pro=e$"
C*!$#!*"ion S&ee"
Qob NoI S"eet 11 of 11 -e
Qob TitleI (esign of simply supported 9eam
3or.e# E$ampleI 1
Ma#e B( 09 Date
C"ec.e# B( GL Date
Version II
( )
4 6
2
2
2 6
!
mm '21.+D10
2
12&
1+'.&
12
12&
30
2&00D12&
1+'.& 3&0 +22' 303.+1D10 )

1
1
]
1

,
_

+ + +
#84m 400
studs shear t%o are there ince 2 n #84m
0.2+
2D&(
H
r

+ , )
( ) n f 0.12 f 0.232I H
> sH cu c# s r
+
22 - ,/
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
S"r#$"#r*! S"ee!
Desi2n Pro=e$"
C*!$#!*"ion S&ee"
Qob NoI S"eet 1 of 11 -e
Qob TitleI (esign of $ontinuous 9eam
3or.e# E$ampleI 2
Ma#e B( P+ Date
C"ec.e# B( R Date
Version II
( )
c4c. mm T2(0 mm 12 GroHide
4m mm 400
4m mm 4f H 2&
ent reinforcem 7inimum
m mm 16&
&02 31'.' 400
#84m (6& 30 0.632D2&0
or
&02 31'.'
D2&0D2 0.1D2 30 0.232D2&0 n f 0.12 f 0.232I
2 n
mm 2&0 f
mm 2&0 2D12& I
2
2
>
sH
sH
sH > sH cu c# s
>
s
r
R
@
6
?

+
+ +

( )
cu c# s
f 0.632I
or
22 - ,0
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
GRU$I,7 2
2 composite floor slab is supported on three span continuous composite beams
spaced at 3 m centres. The effectiHe len!th of each span bein! '.& m. The thic#ness of
composite slab is 130 mm. The floor has to carr> an imposed load of 3.& #84m
2
-
partition load of 1.0 #84mm
2
and a floor finish load of 0.& #84m
2
. 3esi!n the
continuous beam.
&tep 1 ;ist of (atas
<i,en
)mposed Ioad 93.& #84m
2
Gartition Ioad 91.0 #84m
2
.loor finish Ioad 90.& #84m
2
"onstruction Ioad 90.& #84m
2
:ssumed
(fc#)cu 930 84mm
2
N f> 9 2&0 84mm
2
N fs#941& 84mm
2
3ensit> of concrete924 #84m
2
Partial &afety factors
Ioad .actor f
for II 1.&N for 3I 1.3&
7aterial .actor- m
teel- a 91.1&N "oncrete- c 91.&N Reinforcement- s 91.1&
S"r#$"#r*! S"ee!
Desi2n Pro=e$"
Qob NoI S"eet 2 of 11 -e
Qob TitleI (esign of $ontinuous 9eam
3or.e# E$ampleI 2
Ma#e B( P+ Date
Version II
3 m
3 m
3 m
3 m
'.& m
'.& m '.& m
22 - ,1
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
C*!$#!*"ion S&ee"
C"ec.e# B( R Date
&tep2 ;oad $alculation
$onstruction stage
3ead Ioad
elf %ei!ht of slab93D0.13D249+.36 #84m
elf %ei!ht of beam 90.44 #84m (assumin! )7$ 300)
Total dead load 9 +.( #84m
Total desi!n dead load 91.3&D(+.()913.2 #84m
IiHe Ioad
"onstruction Ioad 90.&D 391.& #84m
Total desi!n liHe load 91.&D1.&92.2& #84m
$omposite &tage
3ead load
elf %ei!ht of slab93D0.13D 249+.36 #84m
elf %ei!ht of beam90.44 #84m
Ioad from floor finish 90.&D 391.& #84m
Total dead load 9 11.3 #84m
Total desi!n dead load 91.3&D11.391&.3 #84m
IiHe Ioad
)mposed Ioad 93.&D3910.& #84m
Gartition Ioad 91.0D393.0 #84m
Total desi!n liHe load 91.&D(13.&)920.3 #84m
S"r#$"#r*! S"ee!
Qob NoI S"eet 3 of 11 -e
Qob TitleI (esign of $ontinuous 9eam
3or.e# E$ampleI 2
Version II
)7$ 300
130 mm
300 mm
22 - ,4
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
Desi2n Pro=e$"
C*!$#!*"ion S&ee"
Ma#e B( P+ Date
C"ec.e# B( &&&1 Date
&tep3 9ending 3oment and &hear Force $alculation
$onstruction &tage
#8m '4.&
10
2.2&D'.&
12
D'.& 13.2
10
%
12
%
ent sitiHe 7om 7a@imum Go
2 2
2
l
2
d
+
+

#8m ((.3
+
2.2&D'.&
10
13.2D'.&
+
%
10
%
ent !atiHe 7om 7a@imum 8e
2 2
2
l
2
d

,
_

,
_

+

( )
( ) #8 6+.& 2.2& 13.2 0.6D'.&D
% % 0.6 ear force 7a@imum h
l d
+
+
$omposite &tage
#8m 1(&.+
10
20.3D'.&
12
1&.3D'.&
10
%
12
%
ent sitiHe 7om 7a@imum Go
2 2
2
l
2
d
+

,
_

+

#8m 212.+
+
20.3D'.&
10
1&.3D'.&
+
%
10
%
ent !atiHe 7om 7a@imum 8e
2 2
2
l
2
d

,
_

,
_

+

( )
( ) 160.2#8 20.3 1&.3 0.6D'.&D
% % 0.6 ear force 7a@imum h
l d
+
+
&tep4 &election of steel section
2ssumin! span4depth 922
3epth of "omposite ection9'&00 4229341
Iet us ta#e )7$ 300 T 0.44 #84m
S"r#$"#r*! S"ee!
Desi2n Pro=e$"
Qob NoI S"eet 4 of 11 -e
Qob TitleI (esign of $ontinuous 9eam
3or.e# E$ampleI 2
Ma#e B( P+ Date
Version II 22 - ,9
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
C*!$#!*"ion S&ee"
C"ec.e# B( R Date
ection Groperties*
T 9 12.4 mmN $9140 mm
3 9 300 mmN t 9 '.& mm
)@ 9 (6D10
6
mm
4
N )> 9 4.&3D10
6
mm
4
r@ 9 123.' mm N r> 9 2(.4 mm
O@9&'3.6 D 10
3
mm
3
N O>964.( D 10
3
mm
3
$lassification of composite section
0.& $4T90.&D140412.4 9 &.6&: (.+
d4t9(300-2D12.4) 4 '.& 9 36.': (3
0ere-
Therefore the section is a plastic section.
&tep "+ltimate ;imit &tate
>:? $onstruction &tage
416 Plastic 3oment 1esistance of the &teel &ection
#8m ((.3 #8m 142.2 10 6D10 D1.14D&'3.
1.1&
2&0
O
C
f
7
6 3
p@
a
>
ap
>
,
_

426 Plastic &hear 1esistance

#8 6+.& #8 2+3.& 41000
1.1&
2&0
&D 0.6D300D'.
f
0.6D3DtD E
a
>
p
>
1
]
1

K
Refer Table 4
Op@91.14 D O@
Refer ection 4.2
S"r#$"#r*! S"ee!
Desi2n Pro=e$"
C*!$#!*"ion S&ee"
Qob NoI S"eet " of 11 -e
Qob TitleI (esign of $ontinuous 9eam
3or.e# E$ampleI 2
Ma#e B( P+ Date
C"ec.e# B( R Date
Version II
>
f
2&0

22 - .0
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
9ending 3oment and .ertical &hear 0nteraction

$endin! 7oment and Eertical hear )nteraction can be ne!lected if
E: 0.& Ep
6+.& : 0.&D 2+3.&
:146.' #8
Therefore- Hertical shear has no effect on the plastic moment resistance.
436 $heck for ;ateral torsional buckling of the steel 9eam
The desi!n buc#lin! resistance moment of a laterall> unrestrained
beam is !iHen b>
@ & <
<
&
?
?

,
_

IT IT
IT
IT
m
>
p@ % IT b
buc#lin! torsional lateral for factor reduction the is
%here
f
O 7

%here
( ) ( )
?
? & @ < = & @
IT
IT
IT IT
+ +
0ere
IT 9 imperfection factor (9 0.21for rolled section)
cr
> p@ %
IT
7
f O J J
(non dimensional slenderness ratio)
%here
% is a constant %hich is ePual to 1.0 for plastic section
7cr is the elastic critical moment for lateral torsional buc#lin! !iHen b>
= & @
?
?
?
?
J J
1
1
]
1

+
>
e
>
%
e
>
cr
,)
) /
)
)
,)
7
t

%here
Refer ection
4.&

S"r#$"#r*! S"ee!
Desi2n Pro=e$"
C*!$#!*"ion S&ee"
Qob NoI S"eet # of 11 -e
Qob TitleI (esign of $ontinuous 9eam
3or.e# E$ampleI 2
Ma#e B( P+ Date
C"ec.e# B( &&&1 Date
Version II 22 - .1
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
( )
6 +
2
2
>
%
4 3
3 3
3 3
t
2 3
&
mm +3.+D10
4
2('.6 D &3D10 4
4
h )
constant %arpin! )
mm 10 D 216.6
D'.& 2D12.4 300 2D140D12.4
3
1
t 2T 3 2$T
3
1
constant torsion )
84mm '6.+D10
0.3 1 2
2D10
m 1 2
,
/

+
+

E
&
2ssumin! t%o lateral supports T 2&00 mm
( )
( )
#8m 2&'.'
D4.&3D10 D2D10
D216.6D10 D'6.+D10 2&00
4.&3D10
+3.+D10
2&00
D4.&3D10 D2D10
7
0.&
6 & 2
3 3 2
6
+
2
6 & 2
cr

1
1
]
1

+
S
S
0.'+ 0.('+N 0.'+6N
IT IT
IT T U
7b9A 0.'+D 1.0D1.14 D &'3.6 D10
3
D 2&041.1&BD10
-6
9112.3#8m < ((.3 #8m
>9? $omposite &tage
416 3oment 1esistance of the cross section
8e!atiHe $endin! 7oment
2t internal support ne!atiHe bendin! moment of resistance is obtained b> considerin!
the tensile resistance of the reinforcement. "oncrete area is ne!lected.
S"r#$"#r*! S"ee!
Desi2n Pro=e$"
C*!$#!*"ion S&ee"
Qob NoI S"eet 1 of 11 -e
Qob TitleI (esign of $ontinuous 9eam
3or.e# E$ampleI 2
Ma#e B( P+ Date
C"ec.e# B( R Date
Version II
$
h
t
T
@
>
3
22 - .2
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
a) effectiHe %idth of the concrete flan!e
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
mm +3&
1000 D '.& '.& 0.2&
4
1
0.2&
4
1
4
b
2 1
o
eff

+ +

Iet us proHide 12mm bar T 100 mm c4c

2s 910&0 mm
2
(b) Iocation of neutral a@is
a
s
s#
s s
a
>
a a
. #8 3'+ 1000
1.1&
41&
10&0D
f
2 .
#8 1223 1000
1.1&
2&0
&626D
f
2 .
<
,
_

,
_

K
K
mm 33.(
1.1& 2D'.&D2&04
1000 D 3'+
2
300
4 Df 2t
.
2
3
tension in %eb of 3epth
a > %
s

K
Therefore 82 lies in the %eb.
8e!atiHe 7oment of resistance of the section
#8m 212.+ #8 21(.3
1.1&
2&0
D '.& 4D
1.1&
41& D 10&0
10+
2
300
1.1&
41& D 10&0
10 D&'3.6D 1.14 D
1.1&
2&0
4 f 4t
f 2
a
2
3 f 2
DO p 7
2
3
a > %
2
s
s# s
s
s# s
p@ > p
>

,
_

,
_

+ +

,
_

,
_

+ + K
K K
(2ssumin! clear coHer to reinforcement 1& mm)
Refer section
3.3
Refer Table 6
S"r#$"#r*! S"ee!
Desi2n Pro=e$"
C*!$#!*"ion S&ee"
Qob NoI S"eet ( of 11 -e
Qob TitleI (esign of $ontinuous 9eam
3or.e# E$ampleI 2
Ma#e B( P+ Date
C"ec.e# B( R Date
Version II 22 - .,
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
GositiHe $endin! 7oment
(a) ,ffectiHe %idth of the concrete flan!e
( ) ( ) ( )
mm 1&00
0.(D'&00
4
1
0.(
4
1
4
b
o
eff

b) Iocation of neutral a@is

( )
slab the in lies a@is neutral 0ence - . .
#8 2'63 1000 D1&00D130
1.&
2&
0.(& Dh Db
) 0.(D(f
0.(& .
#8 1223 1000
1.1&
2&0
&626D
C
f
2 .
a c
c eff
c
cu c#
c
a
>
a a
>

,
_

,
_

K
3epth of neutral a@is
( ) ( )
mm D1&00
1.&
2&
0.(&
1.1&
2&0
D Db
f 0.(D
0.(&
f
2 @
eff
c
cu c#
a
>
a u
E & =D =E?E
K K

GositiHe 7oment of resistance of the section
426 $heck for ,ertical shear and bending moment and shear force interaction
Eertical shear force- E9160.2 #8 : 2+3.& #8
0ence safe.
Refer ection
3.3
Refer Table 6
Refer section
4.&
S"r#$"#r*! S"ee!
Desi2n Pro=e$"
C*!$#!*"ion S&ee"
Qob NoI S"eet * of 11 -e
Qob TitleI (esign of $ontinuous 9eam
3or.e# E$ampleI 2
Ma#e B( P+ Date
C"ec.e# B( R Date
Version II
#8m 1(&.+ #8m 30'.3
D10
2
&'.6
130
2
300
1.1&
D2&0 &626
2
@
h
2
3
f 2
7
6
u
c
a
> a
p
>

,
_

,
_

K
22 - ..
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
$endin! 7oment and Eertical hear )nteraction can be ne!lected if
E: 0.& Ep
E 9 162 < 0.& D 2+3.& #8
426 $heck for shear buckling
d4t%9(300-2D12.4)4'.&936.' : 6' - 0ence safe
>$? (esign of shear connectors
Ion!itudinal shear force
(a) $et%een simple end support and point of ma@imum positiHe moment
Ien!th90.4 9 0.4D'&00 93000 mm
E
9.a 91223 #8
(b) $et%een point of ma@imum positiHe moment and internal support
Ien!th9'&00-3000 9 4&00 mm
E
9 .a 6 2sfs#4s912236 3'+ 91602 #8
3esi!n resistance of shear connectors
Iet us proHide 22 mm dia. studs 100 mm hi!h- G 9 (& #8
refer section 4.4
refer section 4.2
Table 1
( composite
$eam-))
S"r#$"#r*! S"ee!
Desi2n Pro=e$"
C*!$#!*"ion S&ee"
Qob NoI S"eet 1- of 11 -e
Qob TitleI (esign of $ontinuous 9eam
3or.e# E$ampleI 2
Ma#e B( P+ Date
C"ec.e# B( R Date
Version II
( )
#8m 23&.& 212.+
1
2+3.&
162
2D 1 D 10(.& 236.+ D10
1.1&
2&0
D
2
12.4 300
D140D12.4D 2
2
6
<
1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

1
]
1

( )
1
1
]
1

,
_

,
_

,
_

+
,
_

1
1
]
1

,
_

+
2
p a
>
p
a
>
2
p
f p f
1
E
E
2 1 D
f
2
T 3
2D$DT 7
f
2
T 3
2D$DT
1
E
E
2 1 7 7 7 7
K K

22 - ./
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
8o. of shear connectors
(a) $et%een simple end support and point of ma@imum positiHe moment
2ssumin! full shear connection-
8o. of shear connectors- nf 912234(& 91&
pacin! 93000 4 1& 9200 mm
b) $et%een point of ma@imum positiHe moment and internal support.
2ssumin! full shear connection-
8o. of shear connectors- nf 91602 4(& 91+
pacin! 94&00 4 1+ 9230 mm
Iet us proHide 22 mm dia. hear tuds T 200 mm c4c throu!hout the span.
>(? Trans,erse reinforcement
2ssumin! a 0.25 reinforcement ( perpendicular to the beam) for solid slab
4m mm 26& 1000 0.002D130D 0.0022 2
2
c e

GroHide ( mm dia. bar T 1+0 mm c4c in 2 la>ers
2e 92D 26& mm
2
4m
Ion!itudinal shear force in the slab
Hr 92.& 2cH62e fs# 4s6Hp
or
Hr 90.2 2cH(fc#)c> 4c 6 Hp 43 - %hicheHer is smaller.
2cH9130D10009130D10
3
mm
2
91.0
90.3 84mm
2
Refer Table 6
S"r#$"#r*! S"ee!
Desi2n Pro=e$"
C*!$#!*"ion S&ee"
Qob NoI S"eet 11 of 11 -e
Qob TitleI (esign of $ontinuous 9eam
3or.e# E$ampleI 2
Ma#e B( P+ Date
C"ec.e# B( R Date
Version II 22 - .0
DESIGN OF COMPOSITE BEAMS-II
fs#941& 84mm
2
s91.1&
2e 92D26& mm
2
4m
Hp90
Hr92.&D130D10
3
D1D0.362D26&D41&41.1&92((.'6 #84m
or
Hr90.2D130D10
3
D1D2&41.&9433.3 #84m
Therefore- Hr92((.'6 #84m
The lon!itudinal desi!n shear force
E
9 (&D1000 4 200942& #84m
.or each shear plane
Hr 942& 4 29 212.& : 2((.'6 #84m
0ence safe.
Version II 22 - .1