Year 11 - Equations & Inequalities Test With ANS

6/8/14 9:05 AM
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EVERYTHING MATHS
End of chapter exercises
Problem 1:
Solve: . Give your answer correct to two decimal places.
Practise more questions like this
Answer 1:
Problem 2:
Solve:
Answer 2:
Problem 3:
Solve:
Answer 3:
x 1 = 0 x
2
x
x = 1,62
=
b 4ac b
2

2a
=
(1) (1 4(1)(1) )
2

2(1)
=
1 1 + 4

2
=
1 5
2
or x = 0,62
16(x +1) = (x +1) x
2
16(x + 1)
16(x + 1) (x + 1) x
2
(16 )(x + 1) x
2
= 16 x
2
x = 4
= (x + 1) x
2
= 0
= 0
or x = 1
or x = 1
+3 + = 7 y
2
12
+3 y
2
Let + 3
2
6/8/14 9:05 AM
Problem 4:
Solve for :
Answer 4:
Problem 5:
Solve for :
(Show your answer correct to one decimal place.)
(Show your answer correct to two decimal places.)
Answer 5:
Let + 3 y
2
Restriction: + 3 y
2
Therefore k
k +
12
k
+ 12 k
2
7k + 12 k
2
(k 3)(k 4)
k = 3
+ 3 = 3 y
2
= 0 y
2
y = 0
= k
0
0
= 7
= 7k
= 0
= 0
or k = 4
or + 3 = 4 y
2
or = 1 y
2
or y = 1
x 2 5 12 = 0 x
4
x
2
2 5 12 x
4
x
2
( 4)(2 + 3) x
2
x
2
= 4 x
2
x
= 0
= 0
or = (no real solution) x
2
3
2
= 2
x
x(x 9) +14 = 0
x = 3 x
2
x +2 =
6
x
+ = 1
1
x +1
2x
x 1
x(x 9) + 14
9x + 14 x
2
(x 7)(x 2)
x = 7
= 0
= 0
= 0
or x = 2
x
2
6/8/14 9:05 AM
Problem 6:
Solve for in terms of by completing the square:
Answer 6:
x x
2
x 3 x
2
x
x = 2,3
= 3
= 0
=
(1) (1 4(1)(3) )
2

2(1)
=
1 1 + 12

2
=
1 13
2
or x = 1,3
x + 2
+ 2x 6 x
2
x
x = 1,65
=
6
x
= 0
=
2 4(1)(6) 2
2

2(1)
=
2 4 + 24

2
=
2 28
2
=
2 2 7
2
= 1 7
or x = 3,65
+
1
x + 1
2x
x 1
(x 1) + 2x(x + 1)
x 1 + 2 + 2x x
2
+ 3x x
2
x(x + 3)
x = 0
= 1
= (x + 1)(x 1)
= 1 x
2
= 0
= 0
or x = 3
x p px 4 = 0 x
2
px 4
2
6/8/14 9:05 AM
Problem 7:
The equation has roots and . Find one set of possible
values for , and .
Answer 7:
Problem 8:
The two roots of the equation differ by 5. Calculate the value of .
Answer 8:
Using the quadratic formula:
px 4 x
2
px + x
2
p
2
4
(x )
p
2
2
x
p
2
x
= 0
= 4 +
p
2
4
=
16 + p
2
4
=
16 + p
2
4

=
16 + p
2

2
p
2
=
2 16 + p
2

2
a +bx +c = 0 x
2
x =
2
3
x = 4
a b c
(3x 2)(x + 4)
3 + 12x 2x 8 x
2
3 + 10x 8 x
2
a
b
c
= 0
= 0
= 0
= 3
= 10
= 8
4 +px 9 = 0 x
2
p
4 + px 9 = 0 x
2
x =
p 4(4)(9) p
2

8
=
144 + p
2

8
=
1
p +

and =
2
p

6/8/14 9:05 AM
Problem 9:
An equation of the form is written on the board. Saskia and Sven copy it
down incorrectly. Saskia has a mistake in the constant term and obtains the solutions !4
and 2. Sven has a mistake in the coefficient of and obtains the solutions 1 and !15.
Determine the correct equation that was on the board.
Answer 9:
Problem 10:
For which values of will the expression be:
undefined? equal to zero?
Answer 10:
For the expression to be undefined the denominator must be equal to 0. This means
that and therefore
= x
1
p + 144 + p
2

8
x
1
x
2

p + 144 + p
2

8
p 144 + p
2

8
p + + p + 144 + p
2

144 + p
2

+ 144 p
2

+ 144 p
2
p
2
p
and = x
2
p 144 + p
2

8
= 5
= 5
= 40
= 20
= 400
= 256
= 16
+bx +c = 0 x
2
x
Saskia:
(x + 4)(x 2)
+ 2x 8 x
2
a = 1
Sven:
(x 1)(x + 15)
+ 14x 15 x
2
c
Correct equation:
+ 2x 15 x
2
(x + 5)(x 3)
correct roots are x = 5
= 0
= 0
and b = 2
= 0
= 0
= 15
= 0
= 0
and x = 3
b
5b +6 b
2
b +2
b + 2 = 0 b = 2
6/8/14 9:05 AM
We simplify the fraction:
Therefore or will make the expression equal to 0.
Note that we cannot have as that will make the denominator 0 and the whole
expression will be undefined.
Problem 11:
Given solve for if:
is a real number. is a rational number. is an irrational number. is an integer.
Answer 11:
We first note that the restriction is: .
Next we note that for the fraction to equal 0 the numerator must equal to 0. This gives:
Now we need to decide which of these answers meet the criteria given:
All three solutions are real. There are no integer solutions.
Problem 12:
Given , for which value(s) of will the expression be:
equal to zero? defined?
Answer 12:
The expression will be equal to 0 when the numerator is equal to 0. This gives .
The expression is undefined when the denominator is equal to 0. So the expression will
be defined for all values of except where .
Problem 13:
5b + 6 b
2
b + 2
(b 2)(b 3)
b + 2
= 0
= 0
b = 2 b = 3
b = 2
= 0
( 6)(2x +1) x
2
x +2
x
x x x x
x 2
( 6)(2x + 1) x
2
x =
1
2
= 0
or x = 6
x =
1
2
x = 6
(x 6)
1
2
+3 x
2
x
x = 6
x x = 3
0

6/8/14 9:05 AM
Solve for if .
Answer 13:
We first note that the restriction is: .
Next we note that for the fraction to equal 0 the numerator must equal to 0. This gives:
Now we draw up a table of signs to find where the function is positive:
Table 1
Critical values
undef
0
undef 0
From this we see that is the solution.
Problem 14:
Abdoul stumbled across the following formula to solve the quadratic equation
in a foreign textbook.
Use this formula to solve the equation: .
Solve the equation again, using factorisation, to see if the formula works for this
equation.
Trying to derive this formula to prove that it always works, Abdoul got stuck along the
way. His attempt is shown below:
Complete his derivation.
Answer 14:
a 0
8 2a

a 3
a 3
8 2a

8 2a
a
= 0
= 0
= 4
a = 3 a = 4
a 3

+ + +
a 4

+

+
a 4
a +bx +c = 0 x
2
x =
2c
b 4ac b
2

2 +x 3 = 0 x
2
a +bx +c x
2
= 0 \8pt]a + +
b
x
c
x
2
= 0 Divided by where x 0\8pt] + +a x
2
c
x
2
b
x
=
2c
6/8/14 9:05 AM
Problem 15:
Solve for :
x =
x = =
6
4
3
2
2c
b 4ac b
2

=
2(3)
(1) 4(2)(3) 1
2

=
6
1 25
=
6
1 5
or x = = 1
6
6
2 + x 3 x
2
(2x + 3)(x 1)
x =
3
2
= 0
= 0
or x = 1
a + bx + c x
2
a + +
b
x
c
x
2
+ + a
c
x
2
b
x
+ +
1
x
2
b
cx
a
c
+
1
x
2
b
cx
+ +
1
x
2
b
cx
b
2
4c
2
( + )
1
x
b
2c
2
+
1
x
b
2c
1
x
1
x
x
= 0
= 0
= 0
= 0
=
a
c
= +
a
c
b
2
4c
2
= =
4ac + b
2
4c
2
4ac b
2
4c
2
=
4ac b
2
4c
2

=
b
2c
4ac b
2
4c
2

=
b 4ac b
2

2c
=
2c
b 4ac b
2

x
1
4
x 3
< 1
4
(x 3)
2
> 3
2x 2
x 3
< 0
3
6/8/14 9:05 AM
Answer 15:
or or

Problem 16:
Solve the following systems of equations algebraically. Leave your answer in surd form,
where appropriate.
< 0
3
(x 3)(x +1)
< 4 (2x 3)
2
2x
15 x
x
0
+3 x
2
3x 2
x 2
3
x
0
+3x 4 x
2
5 +x
4
1
x 2
3 x
x < 1 x > 3 0,5 < x < 2,5 x 3 or 0 < x
5
2
x <
2
3
1 x < 0
x 3 4 x 1 2 x < 3
1
2
y 2x = 0
y 2x +3 = 0 x
2
a 3b = 0
a +4 = 0 b
2
y 5x = 0 x
2
10 = y 2x
p = 2 +q 3 p
2
p 3q = 1
a = 0 b
2
a 3b +1 = 0
a 2b +1 = 0
a 2 12b +4 = 0 b
2
y +4x 19 = 0
8y +5 101 = 0 x
2
a +4b 18 = 0
6/8/14 9:05 AM
Answer 16:
We make the subject of each equation:
Next equate the two equations and solve for :
Now we substitute the values for back into the first equation to calculate the
corresponding -values
If :
This gives the point .
If :
This gives the point .
The solution is . These are the coordinate pairs for the
points of intersection.
a +4b 18 = 0
2a +5 57 = 0 b
2
y
y 2x
y
= 0
= 2x
y 2x + 3 x
2
y
= 0
= + 2x 3 x
2
x
2x
0
x
2
x
= + 2x 3 x
2
= 3 x
2
= 3
= 3
x
y
x = 3
y = 2 3
( ; 2 ) 3 3
x = 3
y = 2( ) 3
( ; 2 ) 3 3
x = and y = 2 3 3
a
a 3b
a
= 0
= 3b
a + 4 b
2
a
= 0
= 4 b
2
b
3b
0
(b 4)(b + 1)
b = 4
= 4 b
2
= 3b 4 b
2
= 0
or b = 1
b
6/8/14 9:05 AM
If :
If :
The solution is or . These are the coordinate
pairs for the points of intersection.
Now we substitute the values for back into the second equation to calculate the
If :
If :
a
b = 4
a = 12
b = 1
a = 3
a = 3 and b = 1 a = 12 and b = 4
y
y 5x x
2
y
= 0
= + 5x x
2
10
y
= y 2x
= 2x + 10
x
+ 5x x
2
+ 3x 10 x
2
(x + 5)(x 2)
x = 5
= 2x + 10
= 0
= 0
or x = 2
x
y
x = 5
y = 2(5) + 10
= 0
x = 2
y = 2(2) + 10
= 14
x = 5 and y = 0 x = 2 and y = 14
q
p
q
= 2 + q 3 p
2
= 2 + p + 3 p
2
p 3q
q
= 1
=
p 1
3
p
=
p 1
6/8/14 9:05 AM
If :
If :
If :
2 + p + 3 p
2
6 + 3p + 9 p
2
6 4p 10 p
2
3 2p 5 p
2
(3p 5)(p + 1)
p =
5
3
=
p 1
3
= p 1
= 0
= 0
= 0
or p = 1
p
q
p =
5
3
q =
1
5
3
3
=
2
9
p = 1
q =
(1) 1
3
=
2
3
p = and q =
5
3
2
9
p = 1 and q =
2
3
a
a b
2
a
= 0
= b
2
a 3b + 1
a
= 0
= 3b 1
b
b
2
3b + 1 b
2
b
= 3b 1
= 0
=
(3) (3 4(1)(1) )
2

2(1)
=
3 5
2
b
a
b =
3+ 5
2
= 3( )1
6/8/14 9:05 AM
If :
The solution is . These are the coordinate pairs for the
points of intersection.
If :
If :
a = 3( )1
3 + 5
2
=
7 + 3 5
2
b =
3 5
2
a = 3( )1
3 5
2
=
7 3 5
2
b = and a =
3 5
2
73 5
2
a
a 2b + 1
a
= 0
= 2b 1
a 2 12b + 4 b
2
a
= 0
= 2 + 12b 4 b
2
b
2b 1
2 + 10b 5 b
2
b
= 2 + 12b 4 b
2
= 0
=
(10) (10 4(2)(5) )
2

2(2)
=
10 140

4
b
a
b =
10+ 140
4
a = 2( )1
10 + 140

4
=
24 + 2 140

4
=
12 + 140

2
b =
10 140
4
= 2( )1
6/8/14 9:05 AM
The solution is . These are the coordinate pairs for
the points of intersection.
If :
If :
a = 2( )1
10 140

4
=
24 2 140

4
=
12 140

2
b = and a =
10 140
4
12 140
2
y
y + 4x 19
y
= 0
= 4x + 19
8y + 5 101 x
2
8y
y
= 0
= 5 + 101 x
2
=
5 + 101 x
2
8
x
4x + 19
32x + 152
5 32x + 51 x
2
x
x = 3,4
=
5 + 101 x
2
8
= 5 + 101 x
2
= 0
=
(32) (32 4(5)(51) )
2

2(5)
=
32 1024 1020

10
=
32 4
10
or x = 3
x
y
x = 3,4
y = 4(3,4) + 19
= 5,4
x = 3
y = 4(3) + 19
= 5
x = 3,4 and y = 5,4 x = 3 and y = 5
a
6/8/14 9:05 AM
If :
If :
The solution is or . These are the
coordinate pairs for the points of intersection.
Problem 17:
Solve the following systems of equations graphically:
Answer 17:
a + 4b 18
a
= 0
= 4b + 18
2a + 5 57 b
2
2a
a
= 0
= 5 + 57 b
2
=
5 + 57 b
2
2
a
4b + 18
8x + 36
5 8x 21 b
2
b
b = 3
=
5 + 57 b
2
2
= 5 + 57 b
2
= 0
=
(8) (8 4(5)(21) )
2

2(5)
=
8 64 + 420

10
=
8 484

10
or b = 1,4
b
a
b = 3
a = 4(3) + 18
= 6
b = 1,4
y = 4(1,4) + 18
= 23,6
b = 1,4 and a = 23,6 b = 3 and a = 6
2y +x 2 = 0
8y + 8 = 0 x
2
y +3x 6 = 0
y = +4 4x x
2
6/8/14 9:05 AM
Problem 18:
A stone is thrown vertically upwards and its height (in metres) above the ground at time (in
seconds) is given by:
Find its initial height above the ground.
Answer 18:
The initial height occurs when . Substituting this in we get:
Problem 19:
After doing some research, a transport company has determined that the rate at which
petrol is consumed by one of its large carriers, travelling at an average speed of km per
hour, is given by:
Assume that the petrol costs R 4,00 per litre and the driver earns R 18,00 per hour of travel
t
h(t) = 35 5 +30t t
2
t = 0
h(t)
h(0)
= 35 5 + 30t t
2
= 35 5(0 + 30(0) )
2
= 35 m
x
P(x) = + litres per kilometre
55
2x
x
200
C
6/8/14 9:05 AM
time. Now deduce that the total cost, , in Rands, for a 2000 km trip is given by:
Answer 19:
Problem 20:
Solve the following quadratic equations by either factorisation, completing the square or by
using the quadratic formula:
Always try to factorise first, then use the formula if the trinomial cannot be factorised.
Solve some of the equations by completing the square.
Answer 20:
C
C(x) = +40x
256\ 000
x
C(x) = 4 2000 ( + )+ 18
55
2x
x
200
2000
x
= + 40x +
220\ 000
x
36\ 000
x
= + 40x
256\ 000
x
4 41y 45 = 0 y
2
16 +20x = 36 x
2
42 +104p +64 = 0 p
2
21y +3 = 54y
2
36 +44y +8 = 0 y
2
12 14 = 22y y
2
16 +0y 81 = 0 y
2
3 +10y 48 = 0 y
2
63 5 = 26y y
2
2 30 = 2 x
2
2 = 98 y
2
4 41y 45 y
2
4 + 41y + 45 y
2
(4y + 5)(y + 9)
y =
5
4
= 0
= 0
= 0
or y = 9
16 + 20x 36
2
6/8/14 9:05 AM
16 + 20x 36 x
2
4 + 5x 9 x
2
(4x + 9)(x 1)
x =
9
4
= 0
= 0
= 0
or x = 1
42 + 104p + 64 p
2
21 + 52p + 32 p
2
(7p + 8)(3p + 4)
p =
8
7
= 0
= 0
= 0
or p =
4
3
54 + 21y + 3 y
2
18 7y 1 y
2
(9y + 1)(2y 1)
y =
1
9
= 0
= 0
= 0
or y =
1
2
36 + 44y + 8 y
2
9 + 11y + 2 y
2
(9y + 2)(y + 1)
y =
2
9
= 0
= 0
= 0
or y = 1
12 22y 14 y
2
6 11y 7 y
2
(3y 7)(2y + 1)
y =
7
3
= 0
= 0
= 0
or y =
1
2
16 + 0y 81 y
2
(4y 9)(4y + 9)
y =
9
4
= 0
= 0
or y =
9
4
3 + 10y 48 y
2
(3y 8)(y + 6)
y =
8
3
= 0
= 0
or y = 6
5 26y + 63 y
2
5 + 26y 63 y
2
(5y 9)(y + 7)
y =
9
5
= 0
= 0
= 0
or y = 7
2 30 x
2
2 32 x
2
16 x
2
(x 4)(x + 4)
x
= 2
= 0
= 0
= 0
= 4
2 98
2
6/8/14 9:05 AM
Problem 21:
One root of the equation is 8. Determine the value of and the other root.
Answer 21:
We first write the equation in standard form: . Now we can solve for
and the other root.
The roots are:
Problem 22:
Solve for in . Hence, solve for in .
Answer 22:
We note that is a common part and so we let . Now we note that
this gives the same equation as above ( ). We have solved this and so we
can use the solution to solve for .
2 98 y
2
49 y
2
(y 7)(y + 7)
y
= 0
= 0
= 0
= 7
9 +32 = ky y
2
k
9 ky + 32 = 0 y
2
k
9(8 8k + 32 )
2
576 8k + 32
8k
k
= 0
= 0
= 608
= 76
9 76y + 32 y
2
(9y 4)(y 8)
y =
4
9
= 0
= 0
or y = 8
x x = 6 x
2
y ( y ( y) 6 = 0 y
2
)
2
y
2
x 6 x
2
(x 3)(x + 2)
x = 3
= 0
= 0
or x = 2
y y
2
x = y y
2
x = 6 x
2
y
y y
2
y 3 y
2
y
= 3
= 0
=
(1) (1 4(1)(3) )
2

2(1)
=
1 13
2
y
2
6/8/14 9:05 AM
The second value of leads to no real solution for .
Problem 23:
Solve for :
Answer 23:
Problem 24:
Solve for in . Hence, solve for in
.
Answer 24:
We note that is a common part and so we let . Now we note that
this gives the same equation as above ( ). We have solved this and
so we can use the solution to solve for .
y y
2
y + 2 y
2
y
= 2
= 0
=
(1) (1 4(1)(2) )
2

2(1)
=
1 7

2
x y
x x = +2 8 x

x
x 2
(x 2)
2
4x + 4 x
2
3x 4 x
2
(x 4)(x + 1)
x = 4
= + 2 8 x

= 8 x

= 8 x
= 8 x
= 8 x
= 0
or x = 1
y 4 +8y 3 = 0 y
2
p
4(p 3 8(p 3) +3 = 0 )
2
4 8y + 3 y
2
(2y 3)(2y 1)
y =
3
2
= 0
= 0
or y =
1
2
(p 3) y = p 3
4 8y 3 = 0 y
2
p
p 3
p
p
=
3
2
= + 3
3
2
=
9
2
=
1
6/8/14 9:05 AM
Problem 25:
Solve for :
Answer 25:
Problem 26:
Without solving the equation , determine the value of . Now solve
and use the result to assess the answer obtained in the question above.
Answer 26:
Problem 27:
Solve for :
Answer 27:
This has a common part of so we replace that with :
Now we can use this result to solve for :
p 3
p
p
=
1
2
= + 3
1
2
=
7
2
x 2(x +3 = 9 )
1
2
2(x + 3)
1
2
(x + 3)
1
2
(x + 3)
x
= 9
=
9
2
=
81
4
= 3
81
4
=
69
4
x + = 3
1
x
+ x
2
1
x
2
x + = 3
1
x
7
y 5(y 1 5 = 19 (y 1 )
2
)
2
(y 1)
2
k
5k 5
6k
k
= 19 k
= 24
= 4
y
(y 1
2
6/8/14 9:05 AM
Problem 28:
Solve for :
Answer 28:
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(y 1)
2
2y + 2 y
2
2y 2 y
2
y
= 4
= 4
= 0
=
(2) (2 4(1)(2) )
2

2(1)
=
2 12
2
t 2t(t ) = +2
3
2
3
2 3t t
2
t = , t = 1 or t =
1
2
3 33
4
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