Definition of Instrument Transformer

Instrument transformers means current transformer & voltage transformer are used in electrical power
system for stepping down currents and voltages of the system for metering and protection purpose. Actually
relays and meters used for protection and metering, are not designed for high currents and voltages. High
currents or voltages of electrical power system can not be directly fed to relays and meters. CT steps down
rated system current to 1 Amp or 5 Amp similarly voltage transformer steps down system voltages to 110V.
The relays and meters are generally designed for 1 Amp, 5 Amp and 110V.
Definition of Current Transformer(CT):- A CT is an instrument transformer in which the secondary current
is substantially proportional to primary current and differs in phase from it by ideally zero degree.
CT Accuracy Class :- A CT is similar to a electrical power transformer to some extent, but there are some
difference in construction and operation principle. For metering and indication purpose, accuracy of ratio,
between primary and secondary currents are essential within normal working range. Normally accuracy
of current transformer required up to 125% of rated current; as because allowable system current must be
below 125% of rated current. Rather it is desirable the CT core to be saturated after this limit since the
unnecessary electrical stresses due to system over current can be prevented from the metering instrument
connected to the secondary of the CT as secondary current does not go above a desired limit even primary
current of the CT rises to a very high value than its ratings. So accuracy within working range is main
criteria of a CT used for metering purpose. The degree of accuracy of a Metering CT is expressed by CT
Accuracy Class or simply Current Transformer Class or CT Class.
But in the case of protection, the CT may not have the accuracy level as good as metering CT although it is
desired not to be saturated during high fault current passes through primary. So core of protection CT is so
designed that it would not be saturated for long range of currents. If saturation of the core comes at lower
level of primary current the proper reflection of primary current will not come to secondary, hence relays
connected to the secondary may not function properly and protection system losses its reliability.
Suppose you have one CT with current ratio 400/1A and its protection core is situated at 500A. If the
primary current of the CT becomes 1000A the secondary current will still be 1.25A as because the
secondary current will not increase after 1.25A because of saturation. If actuating current of the relay
connected the secondary circuit of the CT is 1.5A, it will not be operated at all even fault level of the power
circuit is 1000A.

The degree of accuracy of a Protection CT may not be as fine as Metering CT but it is also expressed by CT
Accuracy Class or simply Current Transformer Class or CT Class as in the case of Metering Current
Transformer but in little bit different manner.


Theory of Current Transformer or CT :- A CT functions with the same basic working principle
of electrical power transformer, as we discussed earlier, but here is some difference. If a electrical power
transformer or other general purpose transformer, primary current varies with load or secondary current. In
case of CT, primary current is the system current and this primary current or system current transforms to
the CT secondary, hence secondary current or burden current depends upon primary current of the current
transformer.
In a power transformer, if load is disconnected, there will be only magnetizing current flows in the primary.
The primary of the power transformer takes current from the source proportional to the load connected with
secondary . But in case of CT, the primary is connected in series with power line. So current through its
primary is nothing but the current flows through that power line. The primary current of the CT, hence does
not depend upon whether the load or burden is connected to the secondary or not or what is the impedance
value of burden. Generally CT has very few turns in primary where as secondary turns is large in number.
Say N
p
is number of turns in CT primary and I
p
is the current through primary. Hence the primary AT is
equal to N
p
I
p
AT.
If number of turns in secondary and secondary current in that current transformer are N
s
and I
s
respectively
then Secondary AT is equal to N
s
I
s
AT.
In an ideal CT the primary AT is exactly is equal in magnitude to secondary AT.
So from the above statement it is clear that if a CT has one turn in primary and 400 turns in secondary
winding, if it has 400 A current in primary then it will have 1A in secondary burden.

Thus the turn ratio of the CT is 400/1A




Error in Current Transformer or CT.
But in an actual CT, errors with which we are connected can best be considered through a study of phasor
diagram for a CT,

I
s
- Secondary Current

E
s
- Secondary induced emf
I
p
- primary Current

E
p
- primary induced emf

K
T
- turns ratio = numbers of secondary turns/number of primary turns
I
o
- Excitation Current
I
m
- magnetizing component of I
o


I
w
- core loss component of I
o

m
- main flux.




Let us take flux as reference. EMF E
s
and E
p
lags behind the flux by 90
o
. The magnitude of the passers
E
s
and E
p
are proportional to secondary and primary turns. The excitation current I
o
which is made up of two
components I
m
and I
w
.
The secondary current I
o
lags behind the secondary induced emf E
s
by an angle
s
. The secondary current is
now transferred to the primary side by reversing I
s
and multiplied by the turns ratio K
T
. The total current
flows through the primary I
p
is then vector sum of K
T
I
s
and I
o
.
The Current Error or Ratio Error in Current Transformer or CT
From above passer diagram it is clear that primary current I
p
is not exactly equal to the secondary current
multiplied by turns ratio, i.e. K
T
I
s
. This difference is due to the primary current is contributed by the core
excitation current. The error in current transformer introduced due to this difference is called current
error of CT or some times Ratio Error in Current Transformer.


Phase Error or Phase Angle Error in Current Transformer

For a ideal CT the angle between the primary and reversed secondary current vector is zero. But for an
actual CT there is always a difference in phase between two due to the fact that primary current has to
supply the component of the exiting current. The angle between the above two phases in termed as Phase
Angle Error in Current Transformer or CT.
Here in the pharos diagram it is
the phase angle error is usually expressed in minutes.
Cause of Error in Current Transformer
The total primary current is not actually transformed in CT. One part of the primary current is consumed for
core excitation and remaining is actually transformers with turns ratio of CT so there is error in current
transformer means there are both Ratio Error in Current Transformer as well as a Phase Angle Error
in Current Transformer.

How to Reduce Error in Current Transformer
It is desirable to reduce these errors, for better performance. For achieving minimum error in current
transformer, one can follow the following,
1) Using a core of high permeability and low hysteresis loss magnetic materials.

2) Keeping the rated burden to the nearer value of the actual burden.

3) Ensuring minimum length of flux path and increasing cross sectional area of the core, minimizing joint
of the core.

4) Lowering the secondary internal impedance.

Potential Transformer Definition
Potential Transformer or Voltage Transformer are used in electrical power system for stepping down the
system voltage to a safe value which can be fed to low ratings meters and relays. Commercially available
relays and meters used for protection and metering, are designed for low voltage. This is a simplest form
of Potential Transformer Definition
Voltage Transformer or Potential Transformer Theory
A Voltage Transformer theory or Potential Transformer theory is just like theory of general purpose
step down transformer. Primary of this transformer is connected across the phases or and ground depending
upon the requirement. Just like the transformer, used for stepping down purpose, potential transformer i.e.
PT has lowers turns winding at its secondary. The system voltage is applied across the terminals of primary
winding of that transformer, and then proportionate secondary voltage appears across the secondary
terminals of the PT.


The secondary voltage of the PT is generally 110V. In an ideal Potential Transformer or Voltage
Transformer when rated burden connected across the secondary the ratio of primary and secondary
voltages of transformer is equal to the turns ratio and furthermore the two terminal voltages are in precise
phase opposite to each other.
But in actual transformer there must be an error in the voltage ratio as well as in the phase angle between
primary and secondary voltages.




The errors in Potential Transformer or Voltage Transformer can best be explained by phasor diagram, and
this is the main part of Potential Transformer theory
I
s
- Secondary Current
E
s
- Secondary induced emf

V
s
- Secondary terminal voltage

R
s
- Secondary winding resistance

X
s
- Secondary winding reactance

I
p
- Primary current

E
p
- Primary induced emf

V
p
- Primary terminal voltage

R
p
- Primary winding resistance

X
p
- Primary winding reactance

K
T
- turns ratio = numbers of primary turns/number of secondary turns

I
o
- Excitation Current

I
m
- magnetizing component of I
o


I
w
- core loss component of I
o

m
- main flux

- phase angle error








As in the case of Current Transformer and other purpose Electrical Power Transformer, total primary current
I
p
is the vector sum of excitation current and the electric current equal to reversal of secondary current
multiplied by the ratio 1/K
T

Hence,I
p
= I
o
+ I
s
/K
T

If Vp is the system voltage applied to the primary of the PT then voltage drops due to resistance and
reactance of primary winding due to primary current I
p
will comes into picture. After subtracting this
voltage drop from V
p
, E
p
will appear across the primary terminals. this E
p
is equal to primary induced emf.
This primary emf will transform to the secondary winding by mutual induction and transformed emf is E
s
.
Again this E
s
will be dropped by secondary winding resistance and reactance, and resultant will actually
appear across the burden terminals and it is denoted as V
s

So if system voltage is V
p
, ideally V
p
/K
T
should be the secondary voltage of PT, but in reality actual
secondary voltage of PT is V
s
.



Voltage Error or Ratio Error in Potential Transformer (PT) or Voltage Transformer (VT)
The difference between the ideal value V
p
/K
T
and actual value V
s
is the voltage error or ratio error in a
potential transformer, it can be expressed as ,













Phase Error or Phase Angle Error in Potential or Voltage Transformer
The angle between the primary system voltage V
p
and the reversed secondary voltage vectors K
T
.V
s
is
the phase error
Cause of Error in Potential Transformer
The voltage applied to the primary of the potential transformer first drops due to internal impedance of
primary. Then it appears across the primary winding and then transformed proportionally to its turns ratio, to
secondary winding. This transformed voltage across secondary winding will again drops due to internal
impedance of secondary, before appearing across burden terminals. This is the reason of errors in potential
transformer.

It is seen from the ratio error that the difference between actual ratio and turn ratio is due to the secondary
current I
2
and the no load components I
w
and I
m.
To minimise these errors the following methods should be
adopted :
Method to minimise errors in PT
1. In order to minimise the errors the no load current components I
w
and I
m
must be kept very
low. This reduction is possible only when the core of transformer is made of good quality
material, short magnetic path and low flux density in the core.
2. By reducing the winding resistance and leakage reactance , these losses are reduced. The
resistance can be reduced by providing the winding of thick conductors and by adopting the smallest
length of mean turn.
3. By providing a suitable turn ratio i.e. the turn ratio should be less than normal ratio. This is done by
reducing the number of turns of the primary or by increasing the number of turns of secondary. This make
actual ratio equal to normal ratio


State the advantages of instrument transformers.
Used for extension of range
Power loss is minimum
High voltage and currents can be measured.

. State the disadvantage of instrument transformers.
Cannot be used for dc measurements.

. What are the constructional parts of current transformer?
Primary winding
Secondary winding
Magnetic core.

. Name the errors caused in current transformer.
Ratio error
Phase angle error

. Define ratio error.
The ratio of energy component current and secondary current is known as the ratio error.

. How the phase angle error is created.
It is mainly due to magnetizing component of excitation current.

. State the use of potential transformer.
Used for m/s of high voltage
Used for energizing relays and protective circuits.

. Name the errors caused in potential transformer.
Ratio error
Phase angle error.

. How the CT and PT are connected in the circuits.

CT is connected in series and PT is connected in parallel.



























Difference between CT and PT




CT


PT




Current transformers are used when the
magnitude of AC currents exceeds the
safe value of current of measuring
instruments

Potential transformers are used where
the voltage of an AC circuit exceeds
750 V as it is not possible to provide
adequate insulation on measuring
instruments for voltage more than this
The current transformer is also known
as series transformer
The potential transformer is also known
as parallel transformer
The secondary of CT is virtually under
short circuit conditions when the
primary of CT is energised
The secondary of PT can be left open
circuited without any damage being
caused either to the transformer or to
the operator.
the primary current and excitation of a
CT varies over a wide range under
normal working conditions
Under normal conditions, the line
voltage of the PT is nearly constant.
The flux density and the exciting
current of a PT varies between small
range
The current in the primary of CT is
independent of secondary winding
conditions
whereas current in the primary of PT
depends upon the secondary circuit
burden
CT carries a full line current PT carries a full line voltage.





The function of the DC-Voltmeter and multi range voltmeter:-






LED Vs LCD Monitors
The LED monitor is the new boy on the block. Both TV's and monitors are being sold as LED TV's and
LED Monitors. both of these types of screen are in fact based on the same technology - the Liquid
Crystal Display (LCD). The LED part is to do with how the display is lit. The LCD panel has an always
on backlight to brighten the whole screen. As for LED monitors there are a few choices of how to
display the lighting on these panels, they are Edge LED's, Direct LED's and RGB LED's. For more
information the types of LED monitors visit our LED Monitor Article.
Now just because the only difference between the monitors is the way that its being backlit, does not
mean that there aren't some very real differences between the two monitor types. The difference in light
causes many differences with the quality of the monitor. We will explore these differences and see which
of the monitor types comes out on top.
Black colour and Contrast Levels
One of the problems with the LCD backlit screen is the poor contrast ratio's. This is due to the backlight
being always on. There is a single light on the LCD screen which obviously is required to be on all the
time otherwise the screen would be black. This does cause a problem however when trying to display a
black colour on the screen, some of the light will always squeeze through meaning the deepest blacks are
very hard to display correctly, especially when next to a brighter colour, hence the lower contrast ratio.
The cheaper LED option which is used on most mainstream displays is the Edge LED lighting. when
LED's are lined up on the edge of the screen to light the display, even with this however because they
don't all have to be on at the same time the display can produce better blacks than the LCD panel. The
better LD option in the more expensive models is the Direct LED, these have LED's directly behind the
screen and can be turned on or off / dimmed as and when they are needed and this creates much better
control of the pixel brightness and so a much higher contrast ratio can be achieved.
So when looking which is the best choice in term of contrast, then the Direct LD monitor is certainly the
best. The Edge LED can be considered better than the LCD screen but not by a great deal.
Colour Accuracy
With colour accuracy, the LCD panel does not really have any disadvantages from the LED displays,
Like we mentioned before the technology is the same in reality and so colour accuracy is not affected a
great deal. However there are a few exceptions, Black as we mentioned above will be better in the LED
panels. However if you are lucky enough to own one of the high end RGB Direct LED screen then the
fact that these specialized coloured LED can help produce better quality of colours. At time of writing
however these are very expensive and are only found in TV's and not monitors, this is likely to change as
the technology becomes more mainstream, but for the time being we will say that colour accuracy is not
a big factor in the comparison of LED vs. LCD monitors.
Size and Weight of the Display
This is an easy win for the LED monitor over the LCD, because an LED monitor can be much thinner
due to the lack of back light and the fact that LED's weigh next to nothing means this section is a no-
brainer. If we are talking about screen size and not overall size including the casing then there is very
little difference as both can get to around 70 inches diagonal. The big win here is the thin nature of the
LED screen. The Edge LED models are thinner than the LCD counterparts, the Direct LED models are
however slightly thicker due to the lighting still being behind the screen, whether they are thinner or not
than an LCD screen will depend on the model.

On the left is an LED monitor with Edge LED lighting, on the right a typical LCD monitor both from
side view. While the LCD screen is not a bulky screen, its obvious to see how much thinner an LED can
be made.
Longevity of the Screen
So how long will your screen last once you have purchased it? The manufacturers of the LCD panels say
that the life of an LCD screen should be 100,000 working hours. However many reports suggest that
some form of degradation sets in way earlier than that. This is due to the backlight failing or at the very
least not being at the same quality as when new. While firm data on LED monitors is not quite with us,
there is strong evidence that LED monitors will outlast that of the LCD's. Some manufacturers are
claiming up to 5 times the life of an LCD screen, but we are very confident that in terms of life the LED
display will win this showdown.
Price
Everyone's favourite section of these comparisons is the price section. Well the price difference is very
much in favour of the LCD screens at this time, but this is not to do with how much it costs to
manufacture an LED monitor compared to that of an LCD monitor. Its simple that LCD panels are
manufactured in a much larger quantity at the moment and that drives the price down. Once LED screens
become the major technology type and are produced in much higher volumes (when the markets accept
the technology as the best option) then the price of the LED screen will fall. This will happen at some
point in the future, so while the LCD screen does win this round on price it won't be one that it can hold
onto for too much longer.
Viewing Angle
It may stand to reason that the lighting can affect viewing in some forms, viewing angle of the screen is
not affected by LED's, so for this round its a complete draw. Viewing angles are often reported with a
little exaggeration. They claim angles of >150 degree's but in reality the angles you can view the correct
colours perfectly are quite small. If you are viewing on and LCD or LED screen now you can do this
test and just see how much you have to move you head to see the colours making a change. All the rows
of the colours are the same from top to bottom, but you wont see this.
Power Consumption
Its generally accepted that LED's use less power than the CCFL's (cold-cathode fluorescent lamps) in an
LCD screen. If for no other reason that the CCFL's are always on and LED can be switched off
individually if not required. While it seems very little data is out there on the subject, the few places I
have managed to research from have all concluded that the LED monitors are much more energy
efficient than the LCD monitors.
Conclusion
While the difference between the two monitor types is only the way the backlighting is produce, this can
have some big effects on the screen and the picture it produces. The LED panels are much better at
giving a more accurate picture and also give you a thinner and lighter screen (and while it may be a
matter of opinion I also think better looking screen). LCD screen are still cheaper at the moment but it
wont be long before LED's can compete in the price market. One last thing is for those that care about
the environment, the LED screen don't contain any mercury unlike the LCD panels and for some that
alone is a good enough reason to plump for the LED Monitor.
For another perspective there is a good YouTube video below of a direct comparison between the LCD
and LED monitors



DYNAMOMETERER TYPE WATTMETER

It consists of two fixed coils f1 & f2 and a moving coil M which is pivoted on the spindle between the two
fixed coils. the coils are air cored to avoid hysterics losses.The fixed coil forms the current coil
carrying the main current moving coil forms the potential coil and carries current proportional to the
voltage of the circuits fixed coils are connected in series with the load moving coil connected across
the supply a pointer is attached to the spindle which moves over a graduated scale.
constructional parts of dynamometer type wattmeter?
Fixed coil
Moving Coil
Current limiting resister
Helical spring
Spindle attached with pointer
Graduated scale


Working principle:
When the load is connected and supply is closed current flows thro the current coil, where as potential coil
carries current proportional to the voltage applied these currents produce their own fluxes, the interaction
between the two magnetic flux develops a deflecting torque on the moving coil and attached pointer
deflects on the graduated scale.




Dc power measurement:
The current flows i1 in the fixed coils produces the flux density B
i
1
B
Under the influence of this flux density B current flowing in moving coil i
2
will produce deflecting torque
I.e. T
d
B i
2

T
d
i
1
i
2

We know that current i2 in moving coil is proportional to applied voltage V
f
is given by,

i
2
V
T
d
V X i
1

T
d
power consumed by the load

AC power measurement:
Let v= V
m
sin t
Current i
1
=I
m
sin (t-)
T
d
V
m
sin t x I
m
sin (t-)
T
d
V I cos
T
d
power consumed by the load.

Construction and principle of operation of single-phase energy meter.



Induction type of instruments are used only for A.C. measurements .hence the induction type
of energy meter is used to measure energy consumed in A.C.circuits only.
Construction:
An induction type single phase energy meter, which is shown in above fig. mainly consists of
(i) a driving system (ii) a moving system (iii) a braking system and (iv) a recording mechanism.
(i) The Driving system:
The driving system consists of two electromagnets (1) a series magnet and (2) a shunt magnet.
The series magnet consists of u shaped laminations of silicon steel, which are insulated from one
another and pressed together to form the core. a coil of thick wire having a few turns is wound on
both the legs of the core and is connected in series with the load.
The shunt magnet consists of a no of M shaped silicon steel laminations which are insulated
from one another and pressed together to form the core of the shunt magnet.
In order to obtain the deflecting torque the current in the potential coil must lag behind the
applied voltage by 90. in order to achieve this condition a copper shading band which in nothing but
a short circuited copper ring is provided on the central limb of the shunt magnet. A shading band
acts as a short circuited secondary since its resistance is small as compared to its inductance. The
current circulating in the shading band lags behind the supply voltage by 90
0
. the shunt magnet
produces a flux
2
due to the current I
2,
flowing through its coil & is proportional to its supply
voltage but is in quadrature with applied voltage.
(ii)The Moving System:
The moving system consists of a light aluminium disc mounted on the spindle. The
aluminium disc is mounted between the series & shunt magnet. The spindle is supported on jewel
bearings. As there is no control torque, the disc continuously rotates under the action of the
deflecting torque due to the resultant magnetic field.
(iii) Braking System:
A permanent magnet, known as Brake magnet is positioned near the edge of the aluminium disc.
When the aluminium disc rotates under the magnetic field produced by the brake magnet, an emf is
induced in the disc due to which, eddy currents circulate in the disc in such a direction to produce a
torque, opposing the rotation of the disc.the position of the brake magnet is adjustable & hence the
braking torque is also adjustable.
(iv) Recording Mechanism:
The function of the recording mechanism is to record continuously a number, which is proportional
to the number of revolutions made by the disc.
Working Principle:
A single-phase induction type energy meter is used to measure the given electrical
consumption in a given circuit over a given period of time. When the energy meter is connected to
the supply and load is applied, line current I
1
flows through the current coil. The alternating flux
1

is produced which is in phase with I
1
. Potential coil carries I
2
proportional to the supply voltage V
and flux 2 is produced by it in quadrature with V. Therefore there exists a phase difference between
the 2 fluxes
1
and
2
. The interaction between these two fluxes produces a driving torque, so the
disc starts rotating. The number of revolutions made by this disc is directly proportional to the
energy consumed by the load.

Deflecting torque T
d
= k V I
1
COS
Breaking torque T
b
N
For a constant speed of disc T
d
= T
b

N P
N T= PT
Name the constructional parts of induction type energy meter.
Current coil with series magnet
Voltage coil with shunt magnet
Al disc
Braking magnet
Registering mechanism.

How voltage coil is connected in induction type energy meter.
It is connected in parallel to supply and load.

. How current coil is connected in induction type energy meter.
It is connected in series to the load.

Why Al disc is used in induction type energy meter.
Aluminum is a nonmagnetic metal.

. What is the purpose of registering mechanism.
It gives a valuable number proportional to the rotations.

. What is the purpose of braking mechanism.
It provides necessary braking torque.

. Define creeping.
Slow but continuous rotation of disc when pc is energized and cc is not energized.

. State the reason why holes are provided in Al disc.
To avoid creeping holes are provided on both sides of Al disc

































DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
R.V.COLLEGE OF ENGNEERING. BANGALAORE-560 059.
Date : 22-07-2013.

WORKSHOP DETAILS UNDER TEQUIP-II

SL.
No.
PARTICIPANTS
NAME
WORKSHOP TITLE DATE AMOUNT
1. Madhu B.R
RENEWABLE AND HYBRID
ENERGY SOURCES AND
CONTROL, EEE, RVCE
7
th
8
th

March
2013.
Rs.1,250-00
2. K.M.Ajay Rs.1,250-00
3. Dr. S G Srivani
POWER QUALITY AND
CUSTOMIZED DEVICES, EEE,
RVCE
3
rd
7
th



June 2013.
Rs.2,000-00
4. C.Sunanda Rs.2,000-00
5. J.N.Hemalatha Rs.2,000-00
6. R.Latha Rs.2,000-00
7. V.Prema Rs.2,000-00
8. B.R.Madhu Rs.2,000-00
9. Dr. Anupama
Prakash
Rs.2,000-00
10. Dr. Anupama
Prakash
GRID TECH EXIBITION, NEW
DELHI
3
rd
April -
5
th
April
2013
Rs. 10,000-00
11. C.Sunanda
FUZZY LOGIC AND ANN
APPLICATIONS, EEE, RVCE
27
th
- 31
st

May 2013.
Rs. 2,500-00
12. R.Latha Rs. 2,500-00
13. Sharath B Rs. 2,500-00
14. Dr. Anupama
Prakash
Rs. 2,500-00
15. Adinatha Jain
QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND
MAINTENANCE PRACTICES,
IEM, RVCE
27
th
29
th

January
2013.
Rs. 2,500-00
16. A.Krishna Murthy Rs. 2,500-00
17. R.Kodandaramaiha Rs. 2,500-00
18. K.M.Ajay
LOW POWER SOLUTIONS FOR
COMMUNICATIONS, E&C,
RVCE
19
th
20
th

April 2013
Rs.500-00
19. Madhu B R Rs.500-00
20. Suresh C
MATHEMATICAL
APPLICATIONS IN RESEARCH,
MATHS, RVCE
16
th
-17
th

April,
2013
Rs.2,000-00
21. Hemalatha J N RS 2000-00
22. Dr. R Jaypal EMBEDDED SYSTEM
PROTECTION, J.V.S
ELECTRONICS PVT.
LTD.,Bangalore
14
th
15
th

Feb 2013.
Rs.12,000-00
23. Dr. S G Srivani Rs.12,000-00

24. Dr. A Sridevi VIRTUAL INSTRUMENTATION
FOR BIOMEDICAL SIGNAL
PROCESSING & SYSTEM

---
Rs.3,000-00
25. Dr. Rudranna
Nadihalli
ADVANCEMENT IN POWER
SYSTEM CONTROL &
AUTOMATION, EEE, RVCE
25
th
28
th

March
2013.
Rs.3,000-00
26. Dr. Anupama
Prakash
Rs.3,000-00
27. Sharath.B
ADVANCES IN COMPUTER
NETWORKING
TECHNOLOGIES,CSE, RVCE
4
th
7
th

March
2013.
Rs.3,000-00
28. B Mruthunjaya Rs.3,000-00
29. J.N.Hemalatha COMPUTATIONAL TECHNIQUE
IN ENNGINEERING RESEARCH,
MATHS, RVCE
8
th
- 10
th

April 2013
Rs.2,000-00
30. A.Krishna Murthy
SAFETY AND SECURITY AT
WORK PLACES, IEM, RVCE
16
th
17
th

April
2013.
Rs.2,000-00
31. B Mruthunjaya HIGH PERFORMANCE
COMPUTING AND
VIRTUALIZATION, CSE, RVCE
21
st
23
rd

March
2013.
Rs.3,000-00

32. R.Kodandaramaiha
PROCUREMENT AND
INVENDORS MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM, IEM, RVCE
9
th
10
th

May 2013.
Rs.2,000-00
33. Hajira Bee Rs.2,000-00
34. Dr. Srivani
PMU & WIDE AREA
MONITERING SYSTEMS,EEE
DEPT, AIT, BANGALORE
10-05-
2013
--
35. Sunanda.C
--
36. Suresh C
--
37. Sunanda.C
INSULATION & HIGH VOLTAGE
ENGINEERING, EEE DEPT, AIT,
BANGALORE
11
th
15
th

June 2013
--
38. Suresh C
--
39. Dr. Jayapal.R ACADEMIC LEADING SHIP
PROGRAM CONDUCTED BY
SMITH & SHRUTH
FOUNDATION AT E-INN
HOTEL, BANGALORE
4
th
7
th

JUNE
2013
Rs. 21,000-00
40. Dr.Jayapal.R LEADER SHIP EXCELLENCE AT
ATRIA HOTEL ORGANISED BY
RVCE
24
th
25
th

JUNE
2013
--
41. V Prema POWER ELECTRONIC DRIVES at
INDIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE
TECHNOLOGY (IIST)
TRIVANDRUM
2nd July
2103- 5th
July 2013
Rs.5000-00
each
42. J N Hemalatha
43. Dr. Rudranna
Nandihalli
EXCELLENCE IN ACADEMIC
LEADERSHIP,
SHAKTHI HILL RESORTS, R.R.
NAGAR, BANGALORE
8
th
9
th

july 2013
--
44. Dr.Uma Rao
--
45. Dr. G.S.Anitha
--
46. Rudrappa Pattar
IT ESSINCIAL ORGANISED
BY CSE,RVCEDEPARTMENT,
RVCE.
8
th
12
th

July 2013
Rs. 2,000-00
47. Hajira Bee
Rs. 2,000-00
48. V.Chayapathy
.
ADVANCES IN SWITCH GEAR &
PROTECTION, EEE DEPT ,PESIT,
BANGALORE
4
th
6
th

July 2013
Rs. 500-00
49. Dr. S.G.Srivani
4
th
6
th

July 2013
Rs. 500-00
50. Dr. G.S.Anitha Rs. 500-00
51. C.Sunanda Rs. 500-00
52. V.Chayapathy KNOWELDGE MANAGEMENT
AND DATA ANALYSIS FOR
REAL WORLD
APPLICATIONS,CSE DEPT,
RVCE
22
nd
24
th

July 2013
Rs. 2000-00
53. Dr. G.S.Anitha
54. C.Suresh CISCO CERTIFIED NW
ADMINISTRATION
CERTIFICATION COURSE, CSE
DEPT, RVCE
22nd july
2013- 10th
aug 2013
NIL
55. S G Srivani
GUIDANCE AND CONTROL
NAVIGATION ORGANISED BY
COGNITIVE DEPT, RVCE
19-07-
2013

NIL
56. J N Hemalatha
57. B Mruthyunjaya CYBER SECURITY AND
FORENSIX, ISE DEPT,
27
th
July
2
nd
Aug
Rs. 3000-00
RVCE,BANGALORE

2013
58. K M Ajay ADVANED MATERIAL
CHRARECTRISATION AND
ANALYSIS
27
th
July
2
nd
Aug
2013
Rs. 3000-00
59. J N Hemalatha
REAL TIME EMBEDDED
SYSTEM,ECE Dept. RVCE
5th Aug
2013 - 9th
Aug 2013

Rs. 2000-00
60. V Prema Rs. 2000-00
61. Adinaatha Jain Rs. 2000-00
62. Prema V
PATHS AND PROCESSORS TO
ACHIEVE EXCELLENCE IN
TECHNICAL EDUCATION,RVCE
14th Aug
2013
NIL
63. S G Srivani
64. Sunanda C
ZERO WASTE AND ENERGY
INDEPENDENT CAMPUS,
Organised By RVCE
21st Aug
2013
NIL
65. Hemalatha J N
66. Adinaatha
67. Prema V
68. Madhu B R
69. Chayapathy V
ADVANCED TRAINING
PROGRAM ON PV CELLS,EEE
dept UVCE, Bangalore
19
th
22rd
Aug 2013
Rs 2500.00
70. G S Anitha RS 2500.00
71. S G Srivani
POWER ELECTRONICS IN
SMART GRIDS, EEE Dept,
BMSCE,Bangalore
19
th
Aug
2013 -23
rd

Aug 2013
RS 2000.00
72. A Sridevei RS 2000.00
73. Sunanda C
RECENT TRENDS IN POWER
ELECTRONICS, EEE Dept, UVCE,
Bangalore
23rd Aug
2013-24th
Aug 2013
Nil
74. Hemalatha J N
75. Suresh C WIRELESS COMMUNICATION
AND SENSOR NETWORKS, CSE
Dept
20th Aug
2013-25th
Aug 2013
Rs 2000




TOTAL
RS.:-
RS1,61,000.00



Dr. Jayapal.R
Prof. & HOD, EEE Department.