1.

Cch dng ng t to be + infnitive

BE + INFINITIVE
- N c dng truyn t nhng mnh lnh hoc nhng ch! d"n tt# ng$% th& nh't (u)
ng$% th& * t+% ng$% th& ,-
V. d/0
- No on1 %2 to l1)31 th%2 4u%ld%ng 5%thout th1 61rm%22%on o7 th1 6ol%c1-
89h:ng )% c 6h;6 r$% to< nh< n<y m< 9h:ng c 6h;6 c=) c>nh 2?t@-
- A1 %2 to 2t)y h1r1 unt%l 51 r1turn-
8n 6h>% B l% Cy cho t+% 9h% 4Dn t)o (u)y l%@-
- Eng 3+% mnh if m)ng t.nh 4Ft 4uGc hoc mnh lnh-
V. d/0
- Hom1th%ng mu2t 41 don1 (u%c9ly %7 1It%nct 4%rd2 )r1 to 41 2)31d
- A1 2)%d %7 h1 7)ll )2l116 )t th1 5h11lJ 51 51r1 to 5)91 h%m u6-
- truyn t mGt dK Lnh-
V. d/0
- Hh1 %2 to 41 m)rr%1d n1It month-
8c: 'y 2M c+% 3<o th?ng t+%@
- Th1 1I61d%t%on %2 to 2t)rt %n ) 5119N2 t%m1-
O'u trPc n<y r't th:ng d/ng trong 4?o ch. 3< nQu n l< tK) 4?o thR ng$% t) 4S be %
t%Qt 9%m chT-
V. d/0
- Th1 Ur%m1 V%n%2t1r %2 to m)91 ) 2t)t1m1nt tomorro5-
W Th1 Ur%m1 V%n%2t1r to m)91 ) 2t)t1m1nt tomorro5-
- Was/ were + infnitive
X d%Yn t Z [ tBng 3 2\ mnh-
V. d/0
- Th1y 2)%d good 4y1 5%thout 9no5%ng th)t th1y 51r1 n131r to m11t )g)%n-
8hD ch%) t)y nh)u m< 9h:ng 4%Qt r]ng 2M ch^ng 4)o g%$ hD g6 l% nh)u@
- To 41 )4out to + 31r4 W n1)r 7utur1 W to 41 %n th1 6o%nt o7 V%ng-
To be + infinitive: I am to """,you are to """etc
1. plans and arrangements: He is to visit Nigeria
We use this structure in a formal style to talk about official and other plans and arrangements.
The President is to visit Nigeria next month.
We are to get a 10 per cent wage rise in June.
I felt nervous because I was soon to leave home for the first time.
A perfect infinitive can be used to show that a planned event did not happen.
I was to have started work last week, but I changed my mind.
2. 'fate': We were to meet again
Another use is to talk about things which are/were 'hidden in the future', fated to happen.
I thought we were saing goodbe for ever. !ut we were to meet again, man ears later, under ver strange
circumstances.
3. preconditions: If we are to get there in time ...
he structure is common in if!clauses, when the main clause e"presses a pre!condition ! something that must
happen first if something else is to happen.
If we are to get there b lunchtime we had better hurr.
"e knew he would have to work hard if he was to pass his exam.
!. orders: You are to do your homework
he structure is used to give orders, often by parents speaking to children.
#ou are to do our homework before ou watch Tv.
$he can go to the part, but she%s not to be back late.
". be + passive infinitive: It is not to be removed
!e # passive infinitive is often used in notices and instructions.
am&are&is 'not( to be # past participle
This cover is not to be removed.
$ometimes only the passive infinitive is used.
To be taken three times a da after meals. %on a medicine bottle&
$ome other common e"pressions with be # passive infinitive'
There%s nothing to be done. $he was nowhere to be found.
I looked out of the window, but there was nothing to be seen.
#. tenses
(ote that this structure e"ists only in present and past tenses. We cannot say that somebody htls been to go
somewhere, or will&must be to go somewhere.
)articiple structures 'being to go( are not possible either
perfect infinitive for 'unreal' past
After some verbs %e.g. mean, be, would like(, perfect infinitives can refer to 'unreal' past situations that are the
opposite of what really happened.
I meant to have telephoned, but I forgot. %*+ I meant to telephone ... (
"e was to have been the new ambassador, but he fell ill.
I wish I%d been there ) I would like to have seen "arr%s face when Nan walked in.
With would like, would prefer and one or two other verbs, a double perfect infinitive is sometimes used in informal
speech, the e"tra perfect infinitive does not change the meaning.
I would have liked to have seen "arr%s face.
if ... was/were to
his is another way of talking about unreal or imaginary future events.
If the boss was&were to come in now, we%d be in real trouble.
%- .f the boss came ... &
What would we do if I was&were to lose m *ob+
.t can be used to make a suggestion sound less direct, and so more polite.
If ou were to move our chair a bit, we could all sit down.
his structure is not normally used with verbs like be or know, which refer to continuing situations.
If I knew her name ... %(* If I were to know her name ... (