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QA 1.2.5
dy y−x
= f( x , y) = ;de is not separable
dx x ;de could be homogeneous
ky − kx
f( kx , ky) = = f ( x , y)
kx
De is homogenous.
Let y = t⋅ x
dy dt
= x⋅ +t
dx dx ;Have you try 3 in 1 approach?
t⋅ x − x dt
f ( x , t⋅ x) = = x⋅ +t
x dx ;extract the relevant part and
dt continue
t − 1 = x⋅ +t
dx
dt Checklist
t − 1 − t = x⋅ 1. lhs free of y -- ok
dx
2. lhs finally is x free -- ok
dt
− 1 = x⋅
dx ;convert to sde
dx dt
=−
x dx
⌠ ⌠
1
dx = − 1 dt
x
⌡
⌡
ln( k⋅ x) = − t ;k is a constant
contemporary
y
ln( k⋅ x) = −
x
y = −x⋅ ln( k⋅ x) ;k is a contant
;solution
QA 1.2.6
Step 1 Given a fode
dy 2y + x
= = h ( x , y)
dx x
2 ( ky) + kx k⋅ ( 2y + x)
h( kx , ky) = = = h( x , y)
kx k⋅ x
De is homogeous.
y = t⋅ x
dy dt
= x⋅ +t
dx dx
2 ( tx) + x dt
= x⋅ +t
x dx
x⋅ ( 2t + 1 ) dt
= x⋅ +t
x dx
dt
2t + 1 − t = x⋅
dx
dt
t + 1 = x⋅
dx
dx dt
= ;obtain sde
x t+1 ;integrate
⌠ ⌠
1 1
dx = dt
x t+1
⌡ ⌡
;simplify solution
ln( k⋅ x) = ln( t + 1 )
kx = t + 1
;backsubstitution
y
kx = +1
x ;k is a constant
solution
2
y = kx − x
QA 1.2.7
Therefore, de is homogeneous.
−3 2
( k⋅ x) = 1 − 3⋅ t It is recommended you should use
2 maple to obtain the soluon and
−3
= 1 − 3⋅
y then comment.
( k⋅ x)
x
2
−3 3⋅ y
( k⋅ x) =1−
2
x
2
1 y
k0⋅ =1−3
3 2
x x
3 2
k0 = x − 3 ⋅ x⋅ y ; k0 is a constant
Solution
QA 1.2.8
Therefore, de is homogeneous.
−1 2
( k⋅ x) =1−t It is recommended you should use
2 maple to obtain the soluon and
−1
=1−
y then comment.
( k⋅ x)
x
2
−1 y
( k⋅ x) =1−
2
x
2
1 y
k0⋅ =1−
x 2
x
2 2
k0⋅ x = x − y ; k0 is a constant
; Solution
2 2
y = x − k0 ⋅ x