Chapter # 32 Electric Current in Conductors [1]

manishkumarphysics.in
Objective - I
1. A metallic resistor is connected across a battery. If the number of collisions of the free electrons with the
lattice is somehow decreased in the resistor (for example, by cooling it), the current will
(A*) increase (B) decrease (C) remain constant (D) become zero
)iil-(lniii )+-i ii ini r| l -n; -ii i i -i i i lni i- li nr i-i
i ini r, (iri l) ; -i ) ni iii -
(A*) +^i (B) i-^i (C) ln r^i (D) iri i)^i
Sol. A
The current will increase.
2. Two resistor Aand B have resistance R
A
and R
B
respectively with R
A
< R
B
. The resistivites of their materials

A
and =
B
.
(A)
A
<
B
(B)
A
=
B
(C)
A
>
B
(D*) The information is not sufficient to find the relation between
A
and
B
i lniii A( B lnii -i R
A
( R
B
r, ri R
A
< R
B
| iii i lniini
A
( =
B
r -
(A)
A
<
B
(B)
A
=
B
(C)
A
>
B
(D*)
A
(
B
- +i nin l) i in r|
Sol. D
R
A

=

Resistance is depend on Material, length & Area.
So R
A
< R
B
is information is not sufficient to ding.
The relation between
A
and
B
.
3. The product of resistivity and conductivity of a cylindrical conductor depends on
(A) temperature (B) material (C) area of cross-section (D*) none of these
)+ii ii ini )( lniini i ^ili ni r -
(A) ni (B) ii (C) -i i-i ii (D*) ;- i; ri
Sol. D
conductivity
1
o =

Where is resistivily.
Product of conductity and resistivity = 1
4. As the temperature of a metallic resistor is increased, the product of its resistivity and conductivity
(A) increases (B) decreases (C*) remains constant (D) may increase or decrease
)iil-( lnii i ni +i i ;i ini )( lniini i ^i-
(A) +ni r (B) i-ni r (C*) ln rni r (D) i- i(i + ni r
Sol. C
o = constant
5. In an electric circuit containing a bettery, the charge (assumed positive) inside the battery
(A) always goes from the positive terminal to the negative terminal
(B*) may go from the positive terminal to the negative terminal
(C) always goes from the negative terminal to the positive terminal
(D) does not move.
)+-i (i l(nn li -, +-i iin i(i - (ii---ii ri)
(A) r-ii i -l- ~i -l- ini r|
(B*) i -l- ~i -l- i ni r|
(C) r-ii ~i -l- i -l- i ni r|
(D) ^ln ri ni r|
Sol. B
The charge (Positive) inside the bottery may go from the positive terminal to the negative
terminal.
Chapter # 32 Electric Current in Conductors [2]
manishkumarphysics.in
6. A resistor of resistance R is connected to an ideal battery. If the value of R is decreased, the power dissi-
pated in the resistor will -
(A*) increase (B) decrease (C) remain unchanged
Rlnii i )lnii )ii +-i ii ^i r| l Ri -i i-ii ini r, ni lnii - ln iln-
(A*) +^i (B) i-^i (C) l(lnnr^i
Sol. A
2
v
Power , R thanpower
R
= + |
Because Power
1
R
.
7. A current passes through a resistor. Let K
1
and K
2
represent the average kinetic energy of the conduction
electrons and the metal ions respectively.
(A) K
1
< K
2
(B) K
1
= K
2
(C*) K
1
> K
2
(D) Any of these three may occur
) lnii- iii (ilrn ri ri r| l i ;-ii )( iil-( ii i in ^ln +i -i K
1
( K
2
ri ni -
(A) K
1
< K
2
(B) K
1
= K
2
(C*) K
1
> K
2
(D) ; nii - ii ri ni
Sol. C
vd drift velocity =
1 eE
2 m
| |
t
|
\ .
K.E. =
2 2 2
2
d
2
1 1 1 e E
mv m
2 2 4
m
| |
t
= |
|
\ .
K.E. =
2 2 2
1 e E
8 m
t

1
K.E.
m

Mass of electron < mass of metalions.

K.E. of electron > K.E. of metalions.
K
1
>K
2
8. Two resistance Rand 2Rare connected in series in an electric circuit.The thermal energy developed in Rand
2R are in the ratio
i lniiR( 2R)l(nn li - ii- - i in r| R( 2R- - nii+i i in r -
(A*) 1 : 2 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 1 : 4 (D) 4 : 1
Sol. A
Thermal Energy developed = I
2
Rt (Because in series, current is same)
+ -
v
I
R 2R
( )
2
2
Thermal Energy developedin"R" I Rt 1
Thermal Energy developedin"2R" 2
I 2R t
= =
Chapter # 32 Electric Current in Conductors [3]
manishkumarphysics.in
9. Two resistance R and 2R are connected in parallel in an electric circuit. The thermal energy developed in R
and 2R are in the ratio
i lnii R( 2R)l(nn li - -in - - i in r| R( 2R- - nii+i i in r -
(A) 1 : 2 (B*) 2 : 1 (C) 1 : 4 (D) 4 : 1
Sol. B
Thermal Energy developed =
2
v
t
R
(Because in Parallel, voltage is same)
+ -
v
2R
R
2
2
v
t
ThermalEnergy developedin"R"
R
2:1
ThermalEnergy developedin"2R"
v
t
2R
= =
10. A uniform wire of resistance 50O is cut into 5 equal parts. These parts are now connected in parallel.The
equivalent resistance of the combination is
50O lnii ) - ni i 5 -i ii^i - i-i ^i r| ii^ + -in - - i in r| i i n
lnii r -
(A*) 2O (B) 10O (C) 250O (D) 6250O
Sol. A
l
R 50
A

= =
5 5 5
5 5
resistance of all 5 equal parts are same.
l / 5 50
R' 10
A 5

= = = O
all 5 equal parts connect in parallel :-
eq
1 1 1 1 1 1 5
R 10 10 10 10 10 10
= + + + + =
R
eq
= 2O
11. Consider the following two statements :
(a) Kirchhoffs junction lawfollows fromconservation of charge.
(b) Kirchhoffs loop lawfollows from consevative neature of electric field.
(A*) Both Aand B are correct (B) A is correct but B is wrong
(C) B is correct but A is wrong (D) BothAand B are wrong
Chapter # 32 Electric Current in Conductors [4]
manishkumarphysics.in
li ii l(i il) :
(a) lii li l- i(i ii i iini r|
(b) lii ii l- l(nnii i lin ln i iini r|
(A*) a ( b ii ri r (B) a ri r, l b ^n r
(C) b ri r, l a ^n r (D) a ( b ii ^n r
Sol. A
Kirchhoffs Junction Law follows from conservation of charge.
Kirchhoffs loop law fallows from conservation nature of electric field.
12. Two non-ideal batteries are connected in series. Consider the following statements:
(a) The equivalent emf is larger either of the two emfs.
(b) The equivalent internal resistance is smaller than either of the two internal resistance.
(A) Each of A and B is correct (B*) A is correct but B is wrong
(C) B is correct but A is wrong (D) Each of Aand B is wrong.
i ii (non-ideal) +-li ii -- ii ini r| l ii l(i il) -
(a) nl(nn (ir+ii - li ii l(nn (ir + ii r|
(b) ninllnii ii - li ii inl lnii - r|
(A) a ( b ii ri r (B*) a ri r, l b ^n r
(C) b ri r, l a ^n r (D) a ( b ii ^n r
Sol. B
r
1
r
2
+ + - -
(i)
equivalent emf = e
1
+ e
2
R
eq
= r
1
+ r
2
r
1
r
2
+
+ -
-
(ii)
equivalent emf = e
1
+ e
2
{e
1
> e
2
}
R
eq
= r
1
+ r
2
The equivalent emf is may be larger than either of the two emfs.
The equivalent internal resistance is mustbe larger than either of the two internal
resistance.
13. Two non-ideal batteries are connected in parallel. Consider the following statements
(a) The equivalent emf is smaller than either of the two emfs.
(b) The equivalent internal resistance is smaller than either of the two internal resistance.
(A) Both a and b are correct (B) a is correct but b is wrong
(C*) b is correct but a is wrong (D) Each of a and b is wrong
i ii (non-ideal) +-li -in -- ii ini r| l ii l(i il) -
(a) nl(nn (ir+ii - li ii l(nn (ir + - r|
(b) ninllnii ii - li ii inl lnii - r|
(A) a ( b ii ri r (B) a ri r, l b ^n r
(C*) b ri r, l a ^n r (D) a ( b ii ^n r
Sol. C
Equivalent emf
1 1 2 2
0
1 2
r r
r r
e + e
e =
+
Equivalent resistance =
1 2
0
1 2
r r
r
r r
=
+
+
+
-
-
r
1
r
2
The quivalent emf is larger than either of the two emfs.
The quivalent internal resistane is smaller than either of the two internal resistance.
Chapter # 32 Electric Current in Conductors [5]
manishkumarphysics.in
14. The net resistnace of an ammeter should be small to ensure that
(A) it does not get overheated (B) it does not draw excessive current
(C) it can measure large currents (D*) it does not appreciably change the current to be measured.
) -i- i lnii rii ilr) nil-
(A) r -li^- i ri| (B) r -liiii |
(C) r +i iiii i -i | (D*) r -ii i (ii iii - i; l(ii l(n |
Sol. D
The net resistance of an ammeter should be small to ensure that it does not oppreciably
change the current to be measured.
15. The net resistance of a voltmeter should be large to ensure that
(A) it does not get overheated (B) it does not draw excessive current
(C) it can measure large potential differences
(D*) it does not appreciably change the potential difference to be measured.
)(i--i- i lnii lirii ilr nil-
(A) r -li^- i ri (B) r -liiii i |
(C) r + l(i(ini i -i | (D*) r -i i (i l(i(in - i; iil(n i |
Sol. D
The net resistance of a voltmeter should be large to ensure that it does not apperciably
change the potential difference to be measured.
16. Consider a capacitor-charging circuit. Let Q
1
be the charge given to the capacitor in a time interval of 10 ms
and Q
2
be the charge given in the next time interval of 10 ms. Let 10 Ccharge be deposited in a time interval
t
1
and the next 10mC charge is deposited in the next time interval t
2
.
)iili i(ili l(i il)| -iil) l10 l-i )-ini- iili i Q
1
i(i li
ini r nii 10 l-i ^ -ini- Q
2
i(i li ini r| -i il) lt
1
-ini- 10 -i;i i-
i(i ^lrn rini r nii ^ -init
2
- ^i 10 -i;i i- i(i ^lrn rini r
(A) Q
1
> Q
2
, t
1
> t
2
. (B*) Q
1
> Q
2
, t
1
< t
2
. (C) Q
1
> Q
2
, t
1
> t
2
. (D) Q
1
< Q
2
, t
1
< t
2
.
Sol. B
Condition for charging capacitor :-
Q = Q
0
(1-e
-t
/Rc)
Q = Q
0
(1-e
-10m
/Rc) ....(i)
Q
1
+ Q
2
= Q
0
(1-e
-(10m+10m)
/Rc)
Q
1
+ Q
2
= Q
0
(1-e
-20m
/Rc) ....(ii)
from eq. (i) & (ii) we get :-
Q
1
> Q
2
Given
Q = Q
0
(1-e
-t/RC
)
10c = Q
0
(1-e
-t/Rc
) ....(iii)
( )
1 2
(t t )/Rc
0
10 c 10 c Q 1 e
+
+ =
( )
1 2
(t t )/Rc
0
20 c Q 1 e
+
=
....(iv)
from eq. (iii) & (iv) we get
t
2
> t
1
Objective - II
1. Electrons are emitted by a hot filament and are accelerated by an elecrtic field as shown in fig. The two stops
at the left ensure that the electron beam has a uniform cross-section.
) ^- li- - ; - i -l n ri n r )( lii i ) l(n n i i ,ii -(ln ri n r | +ii n i
(ii r lln n r l;-i i i- ii -i r -
Chapter # 32 Electric Current in Conductors [6]
manishkumarphysics.in
(A*) The speed of the electron is more at B than at A.
(B) The electric current is from left to right
(C) The magnitude of the current is larger at B than at A.
(D) The current density is more at B than at A.
(A*) The speed of the electron is more at B than at A.
(B) The electric current is from left to right
(C) The magnitude of the current is larger at B than at A.
(D) The current density is more at B than at A.
Sol. A
Electric field goes higher potential to Lower potential. The drift velocity fo the electron at
higher potentail is greater than the lower potential.
So the speed of the electron is more at B that at A.
2. A capacitor with no dielectric is connected to a battery at t = 0. Condiser a point A in the connecting wires
and a point B in between the plates.
(A) There is no current throughA
(B*) There is no current through b
(C*) There is a current throughAas long as the charging is not complete.
(D) There is a current through B as long the charging is not complete.
) iili l- i; i(nn ii ri r, t = 0 ) +-i ii ini r| i nii - )l+ Anii -i -
) l+ B l(i il) -
(A) A i; iii ri ^ni|
(B*) B i; iii nii n^ni r + ni(i i ri rini|
(C*) A iii nii n^ni r + ni(i i ri rini|
(D) B iii nii n^ni r + ni(i i ri rini|
Sol. BC
B
C
A
+ -
V
I
Ther is no current through B
There is a current through A as long as the charging is not complete.
3. When no current is passed through a conductor
(A) the free electrons do not move
(B) the average speed of a free electron over a large period of time is zero
(C*) the average velocity of a free electron over a large period of time is zero
(D*) the average of the velocities of all the free electrons at an instant is zero
+ )i i; iii (ilrn ri rini -
(A) -n ;-i ^ln ri n r|
(B) -n ;-i i +i -i(li in i i r|
(C*) -n ;-i i +i -i(li in (^ ir|
(D*) ii -n ;-ii (^i i li ii in ir|
Sol. CD
No current is passed through a conductor means. That the average velocity of a free elecron
over a large period of time is zero or the average of the velocity of all the free electrons at an
instant is zero.
4. Which of the following quanitites do not change when a resistor connected to a battery is heated due to the
current ?
(A) drift speed (B) resistivity (C) resistance (D*) number of free electrons
) +-i i ) lnii + iii ii ^- rini r ni l - ii ilii l(lnnri rini r -
(A) (ir (^ (B) lniini (C) lni i (D*) -n ;-ii i i
Sol. D
When a resistor connected to a battery is heated due to the current that causes drift speed,
resistivity & resistance may e change But number of free electrons remains same.
Chapter # 32 Electric Current in Conductors [7]
manishkumarphysics.in
5. As the temperature of a conductor increases, its resistivity and conductivity change. The ratio of resistivity to
conductivity
(A*) increases (B) decreases (C) remains constant
(D) may increase or decrease depending on the actual temperature.
)i ni - ( l,i ini r | ;i ini )( lniini l(lnnrini r| ;i ini )( lniini
l(lnnrini r| lniini )( ini i in -
(A*) +ni r| (B) i-ni r| (C) ln rni r
(D) (i-nl(ni i + i(i i- ni r|
Sol. A
Temperature of a cunductor increases that causes resistivity () is increases & due conduc-
tivity (o) is decrease.
1
o =

2
resistivity
ratioof
conductivity

= =
o
is increase
6. Acurrent passes through a wire of nonuniformcross-section. Which of the following quantities are indepen-
dent of the cross-section?
(A*) the charge corssing in a given time interval (B) drift speed
(C) current density (D*) free-electron density.
-i-i i- )ni - iii (ilrnri ri r| l - ii ilii -i i- li ri ni-
(A*) )l )-ini ^ (ii i(i (B) (ir (^
(C) iii i-( (D*) -n ;-i i-(
Sol. AD
f
e i
v E
qm Ane
| |
= t =
|
\ .
i
j
A
=
Vd drift speed
j current density
i current
A cross-section Area
7. Mark out the correct options.
(A*) An ammeter should have small resistance (B) An ammeter should have large resistance
(C) Avoltmeter should have small rsistance (D*) Avoltmeter should have large resistance
ri l( l -
(A*) )-i- i lnii rii ilr)| (B) )-i- i lnii rii ilr)|
(C) )(i--i- i lnii rii ilr)| (D*) )(i--i- i lnii rii ilr)|
Sol. AD
An ammeter should have small resistane. To measure the accurate reading of current
in the circuit by Ammeter.
A voltmeter should have large resistance. To measure the accurate reading of voltage
across voltmeter.
8. Acapacitor of capacitance 500 F is connected to a battery through a 10 kOresistor. The charge stored on
the capacitor in the first 5 s is larger than the charge stored in the next
500 F iilni i )iili )+-i 10 kOlnii ,ii ii ini r| i-5 - iili ^lrn i(i ii
ri ^i -
(A*) 5 s (B*) 50 s (C*) 500 s (D*) 500
Sol. ABCD
Q = CE (1-e
-t/Rc
)
C - 500 10
-6
F
R = 10
4
O
t = Rc = 10
4
500 10
-6
= 5
t = 5 sec.
Q =
( )
t /
1
c 1 e c 1 0.63c
e

| |
e = e = e
|
\ .
Chapter # 32 Electric Current in Conductors [8]
manishkumarphysics.in
Thus, 63% of the maximum charge is deposited in one time constant.
Q
t
with the help of the figure we can say that the capacitor in the first 5s is larger than the
charge stored in the next any second.
at t =
( ) 0 0
Q Q 1 e Q c

= = = e
5
t t c .63 .37

= e =
after t = 5 sec., maximum charge is deposited is only 37%.
9. A capacitor C
1
of capacitance 1F and a capacitor C
2
of capacitance 2F are separately charged by a
common battery for a long time. The two capacitors are then separately discharged through equal resistors.
Both the discharge circuits are connected at t = 0.
(A) The current in each of the two discharging circuits is zero at t = 0
(B*) The currents in the two discharging circuits at t = 0 are equal but not zero.
(C) The currents in the two discharging circuits at t = 0 are unequal
(D*) C
1
loses 50% of its initial charge sooner than C
2
loses 50% of its initial charge.
1F iilni )iili C
1
)( 2Fiilni )iili C
2
i )il-+ -i ,ii + -n^^i(lin
li ini r| ii iilii i l -i lniii ,ii ^^li(linli ini r| ii li(lin lii i t =0
ii ini r -
(A) t = 0 ii li(lin lii - iii i r|
(B*) t = 0 ii li(lin lii - iii -i r|
(C) t = 0 ii li(lin lii - iii -i r|
(D*) C
1
ili i(i i 50%, C
2
ili i(i 50%ii i iini r|
Sol. BD
Charging
(i) (ii)
Discharging
C
1
(iii)
R

C
2
(iv)
R
1 2
1 2
1
t /Rc t /Rc
1 2
t /RC t /RC 1
1 2
1
t /RC
1
1 2
Q C e Q C e
C dQ dQ
i e i e
dt RC dt R
i e
R
at t 0 at t 0
i i
R R

= e = e
e e
= = = =
e
=
= =
e e
= =