Thermal Expansion of Pipes

Technical Documents
Calculation tables for thermal expansion
Contents
Topic
Page
Thermal expansion ______________________________________________________ 3
1.1
Thermal expansion l ______________________________________________________ 4
1.1.1
NiroSan-, NiroTherm system pipes and copper pipes__________________________ 5
1.1.2
SANHA-Therm system pipe_______________________________________________ 5
1.2
Required expansion bend X between fitting and pipe fastening __________________ 6
1.2.1 NiroSan-, NiroTherm system pipes_________________________________________ 6

1.2.2 SANHA-Therm system pipes______________________________________________ 7
1.2.3
Copper pipes ___________________________________________________________ 7
1.3
Required leg length L of the expansion compensator___________________________ 8
1.3.1 NiroSan-, NiroTherm system pipes_________________________________________ 8

1.3.2 SANHA-Therm system pipes______________________________________________ 9
1.3.3
Copper pipes ___________________________________________________________ 9
1.4
Calculation of the expansion compensation of the SANHA axial compensator ______ 10
1.4.1
Installation diagram for the SANHA axial compensator ________________________ 11
Spacing between pipe mountings__________________________________________ 12
2.1
Maximum mounting spaces for metallic pipes according to EN 806-4 ______________ 13
2.2
Maximum mounting spaces for multilayer pipes according to EN 806-4 _____________ 13
2.3
Maximum mounting spaces for metallic pipes according to DVGW-G 600 TRGI 2008 __ 14
2.4
Maximum mounting spaces for metallic pipes according to TRF 2012 ______________ 14
2.5
Maximum mounting spaces for SANHA system pipes
of carbon steel and stainless steel__________________________________________ 15
No liability is assumed for technical changes and printing errors.
SANHA Technical Documents

1
Thermal expansion
Heat-bearing pipelines and pipelines that are exposed to high temperature from the outside (e.g.
sunlight etc.) expand at different rates depending
on the material. If this thermal expansion of the
lines is prevented, it can result in damage to the
pipes (usually in the form of fatigue fractures). In
order to avoid this, the pipeline must have sufficient space to expand. Often it is possible to take
advantage of the elasticity of the pipe network for
this purpose. To do this it is necessary to provide
sufficiently bendable line sections at the area
where the pipeline changes direction by the correct arrangement of the fastening brackets.
elastic cushion
As a basic principle, there must always

be sufficient scope for expansion between
any two fixed points.
Insofar as the natural routing of the line does
not allow sufficient compensation of the thermal
expansion, this must be realised by the installation
of special components such as axial compensators (SANHA catalogue no. 9872).
If sufficient space is available, a U-pipe compensator can also be used.
elastic cushion
ceiling
The layout data for the necessary expansion

bends and leg lengths of the U-pipe compensator
for the various materials are set out in the tables
below.
In case of concealed installation, unobstructed
thermal expansion must be ensured by coating
the lines with elastic material of sufficient thickness. In particular, ceiling penetrations are to be
cushioned carefully - provided that a fixed point
has not been intentionally placed there
(see Illustrations).
floating
screed
solid ceiling
elastic
collar
cover
insulating layer

1.1 Thermal expansion I
Thermal expansion coefficient
Pipe material
Thermal expansion coefficient 10-6 K-1 at 20C to 100C
Stainless steel
16,5
Unalloyed steel
12,0
Copper
16,6
Calculation formula for the thermal expansion:
l = l0 T
l = difference of the thermal length expansion [mm]
l0 = Pipe length [mm]
= Thermal expansion coefficient from table [k-1]

T = Temperature difference between installation temperature and
maximum operating temperature [k]

1.1.1 NiroSan- NiroTherm-system pipes and copper pipes
Thermal expansion I (mm)
t [K]
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0,17
0,33
0,50
0,66
0,83
0,99
1,16
0,33
0,66
0,99
1,32
1,65
1,98
2,31
0,50
0,99
1,49
1,98
2,48
2,97
3,47
0,66
1,32
1,98
2,64
3,30
3,96
4,62
0,83
1,65
2,48
3,30
4,13
4,95
5,78
0,99
1,98
2,97
3,96
4,95
5,94
6,93
1,16
2,31
3,47
4,62
5,78
6,93
8,09
1,32
2,64
3,96
5,28
6,60
7,92
9,24
1,49
2,97
4,46
5,94
7,43
8,91
10,40
10
1,65
3,30
4,95
6,60
8,25
9,90
11,55
l [m]
1.1.2 SANHA-Therm system pipes

Thermal expansion I (mm)
t [K]
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
0,12
0,24
0,36
0,48
0,60
0,72
0,84
0,24
0,48
0,72
0,96
1,20
1,44
1,68
0,36
0,72
1,08
1,44
1,80
2,16
2,52
0,48
0,96
1,44
1,92
2,40
2,88
3,36
0,60
1,20
1,80
2,40
3,00
3,60
4,20
0,72
1,44
2,16
2,88
3,60
4,32
5,04
0,84
1,68
2,52
3,36
4,20
5,04
5,88
0,96
1,92
2,88
3,84
4,80
5,76
6,72
1,08
2,16
3,24
4,32
5,40
6,48
7,56
10
1,20
2,40
3,60
4,80
6,00
7,20
8,40
l [m]

1.2 Required expansion bend X
Required expansion bend X between fitting
and pipe fastening
Minimum distance X of the brackets to the

fittings in heat-bearing pipes (tables below)
1.2.1 NiroSan- NiroTherm- system pipes

Necessary length of leg X (m)
I [mm]
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
15
0,52
0,74
0,90
1,04
1,16
1,28
1,38
18
0,57
0,81
0,99
1,14
1,28
1,40
1,51
22
0,63
0,89
1,09
1,26
1,41
1,54
1,67
28
0,71
1,01
1,23
1,42
1,59
1,74
1,88
35
0,80
1,12
1,38
1,59
1,78
1,95
2,10
42
0,87
1,23
1,51
1,74
1,95
2,13
2,31
54
0,99
1,40
1,71
1,98
2,21
2,42
2,61
64
1,08
1,52
1,86
2,15
2,40
2,63
2,85
76,1
1,17
1,66
2,03
2,35
2,62
2,87
3,10
88,9
1,27
1,79
2,20
2,54
2,83
3,10
3,35
108
1,40
1,98
2,42
2,79
3,12
3,42
3,70
d [mm]
1 SANHA Technical Documents

I [mm]
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
12
0,47
0,67
0,82
0,94
1,05
1,16
1,25
15
0,53
0,75
0,91
1,05
1,18
1,29
1,39
18
0,58
0,82
1,00
1,16
1,29
1,41
1,53
22
0,64
0,90
1,11
1,28
1,43
1,56
1,69
28
0,72
1,02
1,25
1,44
1,61
1,76
1,91
35
0,81
1,14
1,39
1,61
1,80
1,97
2,13
42
0,88
1,25
1,53
1,76
1,97
2,16
2,33
54
1,00
1,41
1,73
2,00
2,24
2,45
2,65
66,7
1,11
1,57
1,93
2,22
2,49
2,72
2,94
76,1
1,19
1,68
2,06
2,37
2,66
2,91
3,14
88,9
1,28
1,82
2,22
2,57
2,87
3,14
3,40
108
1,41
2,00
2,45
2,83
3,16
3,47
3,74
d [mm]
1.2.3 Copper pipes

I [mm]
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
12
0,63
0,89
1,09
1,26
1,41
1,54
1,66
15
0,70
0,99
1,22
1,41
1,57
1,72
1,86
18
0,77
1,09
1,33
1,54
1,72
1,89
2,04
22
0,85
1,20
1,48
1,70
1,91
2,09
2,25
28
0,96
1,36
1,66
1,92
2,15
2,35
2,54
35
1,07
1,52
1,86
2,15
2,40
2,63
2,84
42
1,18
1,66
2,04
2,35
2,63
2,88
3,11
54
1,33
1,89
2,31
2,67
2,98
3,27
3,53
64
1,45
2,06
2,52
2,91
3,25
3,56
3,84
66,7
1,48
2,10
2,57
2,97
3,32
3,63
3,93
76,1
1,58
2,24
2,74
3,17
3,54
3,88
4,19
88,9
1,71
2,42
2,97
3,43
3,83
4,20
4,53
108
1,89
2,67
3,27
3,78
4,22
4,62
4,99
d [mm]

1.3 Necessary length of leg L
Necessary length of leg L
of the U-pipe expansion compensator
Necessary length of leg L of the double U-bend
as expansion compensating element to take up
the thermal expansion (see tables below)
1.3.1 NiroSan- NiroTherm- system pipes

Necessary length of leg L (m)
I [mm]
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
15
0,30
0,43
0,52
0,60
0,67
0,74
0,80
18
0,33
0,47
0,57
0,66
0,74
0,81
0,87
22
0,36
0,51
0,63
0,73
0,81
0,89
0,96
28
0,41
0,58
0,71
0,82
0,92
1,01
1,09
35
0,46
0,65
0,80
0,92
1,03
1,12
1,21
42
0,50
0,71
0,87
1,01
1,12
1,23
1,33
54
0,57
0,81
0,99
1,14
1,28
1,40
1,51
64
0,62
0,88
1,08
1,24
1,39
1,52
1,64
76,1
0,68
0,96
1,17
1,35
1,51
1,66
1,79
88,9
0,73
1,03
1,27
1,46
1,64
1,79
1,94
108
0,81
1,14
1,40
1,61
1,80
1,98
2,13
d [mm]

I [mm]
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
12
0,27
0,39
0,47
0,54
0,61
0,67
0,72
15
0,30
0,43
0,53
0,61
0,68
0,75
0,81
18
0,33
0,47
0,58
0,67
0,75
0,82
0,88
22
0,37
0,52
0,64
0,74
0,82
0,90
0,98
28
0,42
0,59
0,72
0,83
0,93
1,02
1,10
35
0,46
0,66
0,81
0,93
1,04
1,14
1,23
42
0,51
0,72
0,88
1,02
1,14
1,25
1,35
54
0,58
0,82
1,00
1,16
1,29
1,41
1,53
66,7
0,64
0,91
1,11
1,28
1,44
1,57
1,70
76,1
0,69
0,97
1,19
1,37
1,53
1,68
1,81
88,9
0,74
1,05
1,28
1,48
1,66
1,82
1,96
108
0,82
1,16
1,41
1,63
1,83
2,00
2,16
d [mm]
1.3.3 Copper pipes

I [mm]
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
12
0,36
0,51
0,63
0,73
0,81
0,89
0,96
15
0,41
0,57
0,70
0,81
0,91
0,99
1,07
18
0,44
0,63
0,77
0,89
0,99
1,09
1,18
22
0,49
0,70
0,85
0,98
1,10
1,20
1,30
28
0,55
0,78
0,96
1,11
1,24
1,36
1,47
35
0,62
0,88
1,07
1,24
1,39
1,52
1,64
42
0,68
0,96
1,18
1,36
1,52
1,66
1,80
54
0,77
1,09
1,33
1,54
1,72
1,89
2,04
64
0,84
1,19
1,45
1,68
1,88
2,06
2,22
66,7
0,86
1,21
1,48
1,71
1,92
2,10
2,27
76,1
0,91
1,29
1,58
1,83
2,05
2,24
2,42
88,9
0,99
1,40
1,71
1,98
2,21
2,42
2,62
108
1,09
1,54
1,89
2,18
2,44
2,67
2,88
d [mm]

1.4 Calculation of the SANHA axial compensator
Technical data for the axial compensator
Dimension
d [mm]
Axial movement*)
axz [mm]
Spring coefficient ( 30%)

C [N/mm]
Effective cross section area

AB [cm2]
15
30
18
30
22
32
28
48
35
47
12
42
90
19
54
10
67
28
64
14
45
46
76,1
14
45
46
88,9
14
84
66
108
14
90
100
*) applies for 1000 load cycles
Service life graph for the SANHA axial compensator
Load cycle factor (AL)
Number of load cycles
10
sur
s
Pre
00%
a
cap
1
city
50%
0%

1.4 Calculation of the SANHA axial compensator
Temperature reduction factor
Operating temperature C
20
100
150
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
Operating pressure correction factor Ap Expansion compensation correction factor Af

1,0
0,9
0,85
0,8
0,75
0,67
0,64
0,61
0,59
0,57
1,0
1,0
0,95
0,9
0,87
0,85
0,83
0,8
0,77
0,75
Calculation formula for correction of the nominal pressure of the axial compensator:

PN
pB
Ap
= nominal pressure of the axial compensator [bar]

= maximum operating pressure of the system [bar]
= operating pressure correction factor from table
Calculation formula for correction of the expansion compensation:

ax

l
Af
= corrected axial expansion compensation [mm]

= difference of the thermal expansion [mm]
= expansion compensation correction factor from table
Calculation formula for correction of the load cycle

(1000 load cycles at maximum axial expansion compensation):

ax
AL
axe
PN=pB / Ap
= corrected load cycle [mm]

= load cycle factor from the graph
= corrected axial expansion compensation [mm]
Calculation formula for number of axial compensators:

No.comp. = number of compensators for the selected pipe length [units]
axe
= corrected load cycle [mm]
axz
= axial expansion compensation of the compensator from table [mm]
ax= l / Af
axe= ax / AL
No.comp. = axe / axz
1.4.1 Installation diagram for the SANHA axial compensator
11

2
Spacing between pipe mountings
Pipes are to be connected by means of commercial clips direct with the building and may not
be fastened to other pipes.
In order to fulfil the noise control requirements, clips with rubber lining are to be used.
In each case, clips may be attached on the pipe, not on the fitting.
In order not to set unintended fixed points, a certain distance from detours is to be observed.
Since apparatus and device connections function as fixed points, a certain distance is to be
kept also by these.
The tables no. 2.1 to 2.5 refer to the schematic diagramm shown below.

2.1 Mounting spaces for metallic pipes (EN 806-4)
Maximum mounting spaces for metallic pipes according to EN 806-4
Pipe outside diameter d [mm]
Pipe size DN
Mounting space of the Mounting space of the

vertical pipe run*
vertical pipe run*
Copper pipe acc. to EN Stainless steel pipe - EN
L1 [m]
L2 [m]
1057 / DVGW GW 392
10312 / DVGW GW 541
10
12
1,00
1,50
12
15
15
1,20
1,80
15
18
18
1,20
1,80
20
22
22
1,80
2,40
25
28
28
1,80
2,40
32
35
35
2,40
3,00
40
42
42
2,40
3,00
50
54
54
2,70
3,60
64
64
3,00
3,60
67
3,00
3,60
65
76,1
76,1
3,00
3,60
80
88,9
88,9
3,00
3,60
100
108
108
3,00
3,60
* Due to the different wall thicknesses and hardnesses, the distances between the brackets for copper pipes
may vary, as a function of the applied local measurements.
2.2
Mounting space for multilayer pipes (EN 806-4)
Maximum mounting spaces for multilayer pipes according to EN 806-4

16
> 16 bis 20
> 20 bis 25
> 25 bis 32
> 32 bis 40
> 40 bis 50
> 50 bis 63
Mounting space L1 / L2 [m]

Cold water
Warm water
0,60
0,70
0,80
0,90
1,10
1,25
1,40
0,25
0,30
0,35
0,40
0,50
0,60
0,75

2.3 Mounting spaces for metallic pipes (DVGW-G 600)
Maximum mounting spaces for metallic pipes according to DVGW-G 600 TRGI 2008
2.4
Pipe size DN
Mounting space L1 / L2 [m]
12
15
20
25
32
40
50
65
80
100
15
18
22
28
35
42
54
64
76,1
88,9
108
1,25
1,50
2,00
2,25
2,75
3,00
3,50
4,00
4,25
4,75
5,00
Mounting spaces for metallic pipes (TRF 2012)
Maximum mounting spaces for metallic pipes according to TRF 2012

Nennweite DN
Rohrauendurchmesser d [mm]
Befestigungsabstand L1 / L2 [m]
15
20
25
32
40
50
65
80
100
15
18
22
28
35
42
54
64
76,1
88,9
108
1,25
1,50
2,00
2,25
2,75
3,00
3,50
4,00
4,25
4,75
5,00

2.5 Mounting spaces for SANHA system pipes
Maximum mounting spaces for SANHA system pipes of carbon steel and stainless steel
Nennweite DN
Rohrauendurchmesser d [mm]
Befestigungsabstand L1 / L2 [m]
12
15
20
25
32
40
50
65
80
100
15
18
22
28
35
42
54
64 / 67
76,1
88,9
108
1,25
1,50
2,00
2,25
2,75
3,00
3,50
4,00
4,25
4,75
5,00
The values listed
in the table can be used if the rules of the

chosen area of application does not specify rules on the fixing distances.
SANHA GmbH & Co. KG | Im Teelbruch 80 | D-45 219 Essen | Tel.: +49 (0) 2054 925-0 | Fax: +49 (0) 2054 925-250 | info@sanha.com

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Technical Documents

Calculation tables for thermal expansion

Thermal expansion ______________________________________________________ 3

Thermal expansion l ______________________________________________________ 4

NiroSan-, NiroTherm system pipes and copper pipes__________________________ 5

SANHA-Therm system pipe_______________________________________________ 5

Required expansion bend X between fitting and pipe fastening __________________ 6

1.2.1 NiroSan-, NiroTherm system pipes_________________________________________ 6

Copper pipes ___________________________________________________________ 7

Required leg length L of the expansion compensator___________________________ 8

1.3.1 NiroSan-, NiroTherm system pipes_________________________________________ 8

Copper pipes ___________________________________________________________ 9

Calculation of the expansion compensation of the SANHA axial compensator ______ 10

Installation diagram for the SANHA axial compensator ________________________ 11

Spacing between pipe mountings__________________________________________ 12

Maximum mounting spaces for metallic pipes according to EN 806-4 ______________ 13

Maximum mounting spaces for multilayer pipes according to EN 806-4 _____________ 13

Maximum mounting spaces for SANHA system pipes

of carbon steel and stainless steel__________________________________________ 15

No liability is assumed for technical changes and printing errors.

SANHA Technical Documents

As a basic principle, there must always

The layout data for the necessary expansion

SANHA Technical Documents

Thermal expansion coefficient 10-6 K-1 at 20C to 100C

Calculation formula for the thermal expansion:

= Thermal expansion coefficient from table [k-1]

SANHA Technical Documents

1.1.2 SANHA-Therm system pipes

SANHA Technical Documents

Minimum distance X of the brackets to the

1.2.1 NiroSan- NiroTherm- system pipes

1 SANHA Technical Documents

1.2.3 Copper pipes

SANHA Technical Documents

1.3.1 NiroSan- NiroTherm- system pipes

SANHA Technical Documents

1.3.3 Copper pipes

SANHA Technical Documents

Spring coefficient ( 30%)

Effective cross section area

*) applies for 1000 load cycles

Service life graph for the SANHA axial compensator

Load cycle factor (AL)

Number of load cycles

SANHA Technical Documents

Operating pressure correction factor Ap Expansion compensation correction factor Af

= nominal pressure of the axial compensator [bar]

Calculation formula for correction of the expansion compensation:

= corrected axial expansion compensation [mm]

Calculation formula for correction of the load cycle

= corrected load cycle [mm]

Calculation formula for number of axial compensators:

No.comp. = axe / axz

1.4.1 Installation diagram for the SANHA axial compensator

SANHA Technical Documents

SANHA Technical Documents

Mounting space of the Mounting space of the

Mounting space for multilayer pipes (EN 806-4)

Maximum mounting spaces for multilayer pipes according to EN 806-4

Mounting space L1 / L2 [m]

SANHA Technical Documents

Pipe outside diameter d [mm]

Mounting space L1 / L2 [m]