Cad Manual

Parametric Modeling Lab Manual School of Mechanical Engineering
Estd ::1995
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A&TOCAD LA1 MAN&AL
;CHOOL OF
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NAME :
...
REGD'NO' :
...
CLA;; : III 1'T,/3' I ;,m
REGD'NO:
MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING
COM(&TER AIDED DRAFTING
INTROD&CTION
Drawng wth AutoCAD s reay |ust ke drawng on a drawng board.
Auto CAD s a sut of CAD software products for 2- and 3-dmensona desgn and draftng. It s a
vector graphcs drawng program. It uses prmtve enttes such as nes, poy nes, crces,
arcs and text as foundaton for more compex ob|ects.
Auto CAD natve e format s auto CAD DWG hence every e made n auto CAD shoud be saved
wth an extenson .dwg.
1' COORDINATE ;Y;TEM IN Auto CAD
Everythng that you draw n AutoCAD s ,<7/t. It w be more accurate than you w ever need t to
be. A ob|ects drawn on the screen are paced there based on a smpe X, Y co-ordnate system. In
AutoCAD ths s known as the Word Co-ordnate System (WCS). You must understand ths to know
how to put thngs where you want them. Beow s a dagram showng you how ths system works
(pace your mouse on the dagram for more nfo).
In order to work ehectvey wth AutoCAD, you 37+, to work wth ths system. Unt you are
comfortabe and famar wth t, earnng AutoCAD w be more of a chore. My experence n
teachng s that the better a student s wth co-ordnates, the better CAD draftsperson they w
become..
H,*, 0s 3o2 0t 2o*=s:
AutoCAD uses ponts to determne where an ob|ect s ocated. There s an orgn where t begns
countng from. Ths pont s (0,0). Every ob|ect s ocated n reaton to the orgn. If you were to
draw a ne straght out to the rght from the orgn, ths woud be consdered the postve X-axs. If
you were to draw a ne straght up, ths woud be the postve Y-axs. The pcture above shows a
pont ocated at (9,6). Ths means that the pont s 9 unts over n the X-axs and 6 unts up n the Y-
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axs. When you are workng wth ponts, X 7827.s comes rst. The other pont shown s (-10,-5).
Ths means that the pont s 10 unts n the negatve X-axs (eft) and 5 unts n the negatve Y-axs
(down).
A ne has two ponts, a start pont and an end pont. AutoCAD works wth the ponts to dspay the
ne on the screen. Move your cursor over the pcture above and you w see ne drawn from the
absoute ponts of (-10,-5) to (9,6). Most of the tme you w not have an ndcaton of where the
orgn s. You may need to draw a ne from the endpont of an exstng ne. To do ths you use
reatve ponts. These work the same way, but you have to add the > symbo (shft+2) to te
AutoCAD that ths next pont s reatve from the ast pont entered.
?' ANGLE MEA;&REMENT IN Auto CAD
AutoCAD measures anges n a partcuar way aso. Look at the dagram beow and then pace your
mouse on t to see how ths s done.
When drawing lines at an angle, you have to begin measuring the angle from 0 degrees, which is at the 3 o'clock
position. If you drew a line at 90 degrees, it would go straight up. he e!ample above "when you move your
mouse over it# shows a line drawn at $300 degrees, or %&0 degrees.'ou might not always have an obvious
reference point for 0 degrees. (ook at the e!ample below and place your mouse on the image to find out angle in
)uestion.
In ths exampe, you are gven nformaton about the nes, but not the ange AutoCAD needs to
draw the ne from the start pont. What you are gven though, s (a) the knowedge that 0 s at the
3 o'cock poston (b) the knowedge that 180 s at the 9 o'cock poston and (c) the ange between
180 and the ne you want to draw s 150. Wth ths nformaton, you can gure out what ange
you need. Here s a foo-proof way of gettng the ange you need:
1.) Start at the 0 poston and measure counter-cockwse (+) to 180.
2.) From 180, measure cockwse 150.
3.) Consder that you |ust went +180-150 and use that as an equaton: +180-150=30
4.) Now you can draw your ne usng poar co-ordnates (dscussed beow)
@' ENTERING (OINT; IN Auto CAD
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You can enter ponts drecty on the command ne usng three dherent systems. The one you use
w depend on whch s more appcabe for the stuaton. The rst assgnment w get you used to
ths. The three systems are as foows:
A1;OL&TE CO!ORDINATE; - Usng ths method, you enter the ponts as they reate to the orgn
of the WCS. To enter a pont |ust enter n the exact pont as A$Y'
RELATIVE CO!ORDINATE; - Ths aows you to enter ponts n reaton to the rst pont you have
entered. After you've entered one pont, the next woud be entered as >A$Y. Ths means that
AutoCAD w draw a ne from the rst pont to another pont X unts over and Y unts up reatve to
the prevous pont.
(OLAR CO!ORDINATE; - You woud use ths system f you know that you want to draw a ne a
certan dstance at a partcuar ange. You woud enter ths as >DBA. In ths case, D s the dstance
and A s the ange. Exampe: @10<90 w draw a ne 10 unts straght up from the rst pont.
The three ways of enterng co-ordnates shown above are the ONLY way AutoCAD accepts nput.
Frst decde whch stye you need to use, and then enter as shown. Remember that A s aways
before Y (aphabetca). Don't forget the '>' symbo when you are enterng reatve ponts. Any
typng error or omsson w gve you resuts you don't want. If you make a mstake and need to see
what you typed, press F? to brng up the text screen and check your typng. (press F? to get back
to your drawng.)
C' GENERAL EA(LAINATION OF Auto CAD DINDOD
A T0t8, 17* - Ths w show you what program you are runnng and what the current
ename s.
1 (u88!do2n m,nus - These are the standard pu-down menus through whch you can
access amost a commands.
C M70n too8-7* - Ths has most of the standard Wndows cons, as we as the most
common AutoCAD commands.
D (*o),*t. too8-7* - Ths toobar gves a way to qucky modfy an ob|ect's propertes,
such as ayer and netype.
E F8o7t0n6 too8-7* - Ths s a toobar that can be moved around the screen, or
'docked' as the man toobar s.
F D*720n6 s)7/, - Ths s where you draw. You have an amost nnte area to draw
and ths s |ust a 'secton' of the entre space.
G ;/*o88-7*s - These work ke n other wndows programs. You can aso use the PAN
command to move around your drawng.
H DC; I/on - Ths s here to show you whch drecton postve X and postve Y go. The
W means you're n the Word Co-ordnate System. (It can be changed to a User Co-ordnate
System.)
I ;t7tus 17* T*7. I/ons - These cons gve you updates on tems ke reference es
program updates and prnt status.
J Comm7nd 80n, - When you type a command, you w see t here. AutoCAD uses ths
space to 'prompt' you for nformaton. It w gve you a ot of nformaton and te you where
you are n the command. D7t/3 t30s 80n, 2308, 8,7*n0n6'
% ;t7tus -7* - Ths aows to see and change dherent modes of drawng such as
Ortho, Osnaps, Grd, Otrack, etc.
5' 1A;IC Auto CAD TERMINOLOGY
A-so8ut, /o!
o*d0n7t,s
A way of nputtng ponts based on AutoCAD's orgn.
A/7d'd2t
Ths s the defaut tempate that automatcay oads whenever
you start a drawng sesson. It can be customzed to sut your
needs.
Asso/07t,d
D0m,ns0on0n6
Dmensons that are assocated wth specc ponts w update
as that pont s moved.
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17/=u) E8,
AutoCAD can be set to automatcay backup your drawng and
save t. Ths s a safeguard n case your e gets corrupted. It s
saved wth a .BAK extenson
18o/=
A pre-drawn mage you can nsert n your drawng to save tme
and make your e sze smaer.
C*oss370*s Ths s your cursor when t s n the drawng space.
Cu*so*
Your cursor w change dependng on where t s n the
program.
D7t7-7s,
An AutoCAD drawng e s actuay one arge database
contanng a the nformaton needed to reproduce the ob|ects
when the e s opened. Info for ayers and netypes, etc are
stored n ths manner.
D078o6 -o<
AutoCAD uses a arge number of daog boxes to get
nformaton from you. You must know how nput the nformaton
that t asks for.
D*720n6 t,m)87t,
E8,
Ths s a e that contans preset vaues for frequenty used
settngs. AKA a prototype drawng. The e extenson s DWT.
E<t,nts The outer boundares of the ob|ects you have drawn.
G*0d
Ths s pattern of dots dspayed on the screen to gude you. It
can be togged on and oh by pressng the F7 key.
G*0)s Sma 'handes' on ob|ects that aow for quck edtng.
L7.,*
A ob|ects are drawn on a ayer. You can group ob|ects (such as
eectrca) on a snge ayer and organze your drawng.
L7.out T7-s
A space used for pottng your drawngs (formery caed Paper
Space).
L0m0ts (G*0d
A settng to mpose an 'artca' boundary on your drawng that
sets the area of the grd, and when turned on, mts you to
drawng n the grd area.
L0n,t.),
A ob|ects are drawn wth a partcuar netype. Exampes woud
be sod, center, dashed, etc.
Mod,8 s)7/, The drawng space where you 'mode' the ob|ects.
Mod0F. A generc term used for changng your ob|ects
O-G,/t
Any tem that s n the AutoCAD database. Aso known as an
entty.
O*060n The (0,0) pont of your current co-ordnate system.
O*t3o mod,
Ths s a drawng mode that aows you to draw ony
perpendcuar nes. It s togged on and oh by pressng the F8
key.
Osn7) ! O-G,/t
;n7)
Ths s a method of 'snappng' to certan, precse ponts on an
ob|ect.
(7t3 The specc foder where AutoCAD ooks for, or saves es.
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(0/= To seect an ob|ect by 'eft-cckng' on t.
(8ot Aso known as prnt. To make a hard copy of your drawng.
(o87* /o!o*d0n7t,s A way of nputtng ponts based on dstance and ange.
(*o),*t.
Any specc characterstc of an ob|ect such as ayer, scae,
netype, start pont, etc.
R,87t0+, /o!
o*d0n7t,s
A way of nputtng ponts based on a startng pont.
;,8,/t0on s,t The current group of ob|ects seected for modfyng.
;n7)
Ths s a drawng mode that aows you to snap your cursor to
precse ponts ad out n a grd pattern. Togge wth the F9 key.
;t.8,s Formattng that denes the ook of text, dmensons, etc.
&n0ts
The basc drawng unt set for you drawng. For exampe, you
can use nches or mmeters dependng on your needs. You
can aso set the precson you want dspayed, such nearest
1/4", 1/2" 1/64", etc.
&s,* /o!o*d0n7t,
s.st,m (&C;
Modcatons made to the Word Co-ordnate System (WCS)
resuts n a User Co-ordnate System (UCS)
V0,2 A partcuar area of your drawng.
V0,2 )o*t
A separate 'wndow' on your drawng. You may have more than
one vewport vsbe to see dherent areas of your drawng at
the same tme.
D0H7*d
An easy step-by-step nstructon set to hep you set-up certan
aspects of your drawng.
Do*8d Co!o*d0n7t,
;.st,m (DC;
Ths s the common X-Y co-ordnate system that s the defaut. If
t s moded, t becomes a User co-ordnate System (UCS)
Ioom
To vew ether a smaer secton of your drawng (zoom n) or a
arger secton (zoom out)
J' VARIO&; COMMAND; OF Auto CAD
AutoCAD aows you to have access to a arge number of commands. Commands n Auto CAD can
be dvded nto the foowng sectons:
1. Startng commands
2. Drawng commands
3. Edtng commands
4. Dmensonng commands
5. 3-D commands
6. Layerng
DETAIL; OF EACH ;ECTION OF COMMAND;
;TARTING COMMAND;
1' &NIT CONTROL
When you start the Unts command, the rst thng you see s the Drawng Unts daogue box,
shown on the rght. The daogue box s dvded nto four man sectons. The upper two are
"Length", whch refers to near unts and "Anges", referrng to anguar unts. Settngs for near
unts and anguar unts can be made ndependenty and n each case, you can contro both the
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type and precson. In addton, the Anges secton aso aows you to specfy the drecton n
whch anges are measured.
Opton syntax
a) Toobar NONE
b) Keyboard &NIT;
LINEAR UNITS
You can see from the daogue box that there are ve dherent near unt types for you to choose
from, one of whch s "Decma", the defaut. The tabe beow shows the ehect of the dherent unt
settngs on two drawng unt vaues to gve you an dea how the varous settngs mght be used
aong wth a bref descrpton.
&n0t T.),
1'5 D*720n6
&n0ts
15## D*720n6
&n0ts
D,s/*0)t0on
Decma 1.5000 1500.0000 Metrc or SI unts
Scentc 1.5000E+00 1.5000E+03
Decma vaue rased to a
power
Engneern
g
0'-1.5000" 125'-0.0000" Feet and decma nches
Archtectur
a
0'-1 1/2" 125'-0" Feet and fractona nches
Fractona 1 1/2 1500 Whoe numbers and fractons
Notce that when you change the unt type, the co-ordnate dspay on the status bar changes to
show co-ordnates usng the current unt type. Changng
the unt type aso ahects the way dstances, areas and
voumes are reported when usng the approprate nqury
command.
For the most part you shoud not need to change the unt
type. Unts such as "Archtectura" and "Engneerng" are
there many for AutoCAD users n the USA where Feet and
Inches are st n common use.
ANG&LAR &NIT;
Lookng at the Drawng Unts daogue box agan, you w
notce that there are aso ve anguar unt types. The defaut s decma degrees, but there are
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other optons. The tabe beow shows the ehect of the dherent unt types on two anguar unt
vaues. As wth the near unts, there are not many crcumstances under whch you woud want to
use anythng other than the defaut.
&n0t T.),
1?'5 An6u87*
&n0ts
1"# An6u87*
&n0ts
D,s/*0)t0on
Decma
Degrees
12.500 180.000 Metrc unts
Deg/Mn/Sec 12d30'0" 180d0'0"
Degrees, Mnutes and
Seconds
Grads 13.889g 200.000g 400 grads = 360 degrees
Radans 0.218r 3.142r 2 P radans = 360 degrees
Surveyor N 77d30'0" E W Compass bearngs
AutoCAD aso aows you to contro the drecton n whch anguar unts are measured and the
poston of the start ange. By defaut, AutoCAD starts wth the zero ange at the 3 o'cock poston
(East) wth anges ncreasng n an ant-cockwse drecton. For the most part ths does not present
any probems once you get used to the dea. However, there are specc stuatons where t may be
desrabe to have the zero ange at the 12 o'cock poston (North) and anges ncreasng n a
cockwse drecton. For exampe, f you are workng on a surveyors drawng or a map base, ths
atter stuaton enabes you to specfy anges wth respect to North. To change the drecton of
anguar measurement, use the Cockwse check box n the Ange secton of the Drawng Unts
daogue box. When ths box s checked, postve anges are measured n a cockwse drecton,
when t s not checked (the defaut), postve anges are measured n an ant-cockwse drecton.
To change the start ange, cck on the "Drecton" button n the Drawng Unts daogue box. The
Drecton Contro daogue box appears. You can set the Base Ange to any of the crce quadrants by
cckng on the approprate rado button or you can set t to a specc ange wth the "Other" opton.
You can enter a specc ange nto the edt box or you can pck an ange usng the Pck an ange
button. The abty to specfy an "Other" or user ange can be usefu f, for exampe, your drawng s
not orented to North but where you st want anguar measurements to be made wth respect to
North. To change the drecton of anguar measurement, smpy cck on the approprate rado
button.
&NIT (RECI;ION
To change the precson wth whch near and
anguar vaues are dspayed, smpy cck the
down arrow aganst the approprate drop-
down st (see ustraton on the eft) and
seect the number of decma paces
requred. The defaut settng of four decma
paces s usuay adequate for near unts. It
s, however, often necessary to change the
precson for anguar unts. Workng n whoe
degrees does not usuay gve an adequate
eve of deta for many drawng functons.
However, you do not need to change the
precson of ether near or anguar unts
uness you have a specc reason for dong
so. Changng the unt precson does not
make your drawng more accurate, t |ust
means that the co-ordnate dspay on the
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status bar and the resuts from the varous nqury commands w be dspayed wth a hgher
degree of precson. The accuracy of your drawng w be determned by the vaues you enter for
the sze of ob|ects when you draw and edt them and by the correct use of the varous ob|ect snaps
and drawng ads.
?' ORTHO MODE
Ortho s short for orthogonal, whch means ether vertca or horzonta. Lke the other optons on
the status bar, Ortho s not reay a command, t s a drawng mode whch can ether be turned on
or oh. Ortho mode can be toggled on or oh n one of three ways. The quckest way s |ust to cck on
the ORTHO button on the status bar. The appearance of the button tes you whether Ortho s
currenty turned on or turned oh. When Ortho s turned on, the ORTHO button appears pressed n.
You can see how ths appears by ookng at the status bar ustraton beow. In the ustraton, Ortho
s turned on but Grd and Snap are turned oh.
Opton syntax
a) Statusbar
b) Keyboard ORTHO or F"
Ortho can aso be togged on and oh usng the F" Functon key (see Functon Keys beow for more
detas). Fnay, you can aso type ORTHO at the command prompt as n the command sequence
beow. Usng Ortho s the equvaent of usng your parae moton and set square on a drawng
board. Wth Ortho mode turned on you can ony draw nes whch are ether vertca or horzonta.
Turn Ortho mode on now and draw some nes to get a feeng for how t works.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: ORTHO
Enter mode |ON/OFF| <OFF>: (type ON or OFF)
Ortho mode s probaby the smpest of a the drawng ads, and hstorcay one of the odest.
@' DRADING GRID
The drawng grd s a reguar pattern of dots dspayed on the screen whch acts as a vsua ad, t s
the equvaent of havng a sheet of graph paper behnd your drawng on a drawng board. You can
contro the grd spacng, so t can gve you a genera dea about the sze of drawn ob|ects. It can
aso be used to dene the extent of your drawng.
Opton syntax
a) Status bar
b) Keyboard GRID or FL
Athough you can use the command ne to contro the vsbty of the grd by usng the "ON"
and "OFF" optons ths s more easy acheved usng the FL key or, better st, by cckng the GRID
button on the status bar. However, the command ne does oher some addtona optons. The Snap
opton aows you to automatcay set the grd spacng to the current snap spacng You can aso
change the aspect raton of the grd. By defaut, the X and Y spacng of the Grd are the same,
resutng n a reguar square matrx of grd ponts. But you can dspay a grd wth dherent X and Y
spacng by usng the "Aspect" opton.
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Grd spacng set to
10 drawng unts
Grd spacng set to
5 drawng unts
Grd mode and X/Y spacng can aso be set usng the Draftng Settngs daogue box. You can access
grd settngs by rght-cckng the Grd button on the status bar and seectng Settngs from the
menu. You can aso do ths from the pu-down menu, Too8s D*7Ft0n6 ;,tt0n6sM and cck on the
"Snap and Grd" tab.
C' ;NA( MODE
Snap mode takes AutoCAD one step further than the drawng board. Wth Snap mode turned on
AutoCAD ony aows you to pck ponts whch e on a reguar grd. The Snap grd s competey
ndependent of the dspay grd. However, the Grd spacng and Snap spacng are usuay set to the
same vaue to avod confuson. You can force the dspay grd to conform wth the snap grd by
settng the dspay grd spacng to zero. The dspay grd w then automatcay change each tme
the snap grd s changed. When Snap mode s turned on and the Grd s dspayed, the Snap and
Grd spacng are the same and the crosshars w |ump from one grd pont to another as you move
across the screen. Ths makes t very easy to draw ob|ects whch have a reguar shape. The Snap
command s used to set the snap spacng and
to togge Snap mode
Opton
syntax
a) Statusbar

b) Keyboard
;NA( or F9
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/, Comm7nd: SNAP
Specfy snap spacng or
|ON/OFF/Aspect/Rotate/Stye/Type| <10.0000>:
(enter the requred snap spacng n drawng
unts)
Athough you can use the Snap command to
turn Snap mode on and oh, t s much more
emcent to use the F9 functon key on the
keyboard or to cck the SNAP button on the
status bar.
The "Aspect" opton can be used to vary the
horzonta and vertca snap spacng
ndependenty.
"Rotate" s used to set the snap grd to any
ange.
You can aso set the snap stye to ether Isometric or Standard (the defaut) usng the "Stye" opton.
The Standard stye s used for amost a drawng stuatons ncudng deta drawngs n
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Orthographc Pro|ecton
Isometrc Pro|ecton
Orthographic Projection. The Isometrc stye s speccay to ad the creaton of drawngs n
Isometric Projection (see the ustratons on the rght).
The "Type" opton aows you to set the snap type to ether Grd (the defaut) or to Poar. The Poar
opton can be used n con|uncton wth Poar Trackng so that Snap mode snaps aong poar trackng
anges rather than to the grd.

The grd snap s partcuary usefu f you need ots of moduar ob|ects such as brcks or pavors. In
the ustraton on the eft, the Aspect opton s used to set the X and Y snap spacngs to the brck
dmensons and the Rotate opton s used to set the orentaton of the bond. Once these settngs are
made, the brcks can be accuratey drawn wthout any other drawng ads.
5' F&NCTION %EY;
Many of the modes descrbed above can be controed qucky usng the keyboard functon keys. In
most cases ths s qucker than usng a pu-down or the command ne. The functon keys are
arranged aong the top of your keyboard. AutoCAD uses functon keys F1 to F11. Ther use s
descrbed beow.
The F1 key on your keyboard brngs up the "AutoCAD Hep: User Documentaton" daogue box. You
can use ths daogue box to search for hep on any AutoCAD command or topc. To nd hep on a
command or topc, cck on the Index tab and enter a keyword. You w usuay be gven a st of
optons n the topcs st; seect the most approprate and cck the "Dspay" button to see the tem.
The F? key s used to toggle (turn on and oh) the AutoCAD text wndow. Ths s a oatng verson of
the command wndow whch can be reszed to sut your requrements. The text wndow contans the
whoe command hstory from the begnnng of the drawng sesson. If you wsh, you can scro back
to see whch commands you have used. The text wndow s aso usefu for vewng the resuts of
commands ke LIST whch report to the command ne on a number of nes whch may scro oh the
command wndow and make them dmcut to vew.
The F@ togges runnng ob|ect Snaps on and oh.
The FC key on your keyboard togges tabet mode on and oh. Ths ony has an ehect f a dgtsng
tabet has been cabrated.
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The F5 key cyces through the Isoplanes, ths ony has an ehect f "Isometrc Snap/Grd" mode s on.
The optons are Left, Top and Rght. The dherent optons descrbe the pane n whch Ortho mode
works. It aso ahects the orentaton of Isocircles drawn wth the Epse command. The ustraton
on the rght shows a cube wth socrces drawn on the top, eft and rght faces. Each socrce was
drawn usng the correspondng sopane
The FJ key s a three way togge whch changes the co-ordnate readng n the status bar. By
defaut the status bar shows co-ordnates usng the Cartesan system. You can use the F6 key to
turn the co-ordnate readout oh and to change to the poar system when you are n pck mode.
The FL key s used to togge grd mode on and oh. When grd mode s on a grd of dots s shown on
the screen as a drawng ad. You can set the grd spacng by usng "Draftng Settngs" from the
"Toos" pu-down. The grd ponts do not necessary reect the snap settng, they can be set
ndependenty, and however, you can force the grd to reect the snap settng by gvng the grd
settng a vaue of zero.
The F" key on your keyboard can be used to togge Ortho (orthogona) mode on and oh. When
Ortho mode s on AutoCAD w ony aow you to draw ether vertca or horzonta nes. You can
thnk of t as beng a computer verson of the parae moton on your drawng board. You can see f
Ortho mode s on by ookng at the status bar. The "ORTHO" button s
shown "pushed n" when Ortho s turned on.
The F9 key can be used to togge Snap mode on and oh. Snap makes the
crosshairs |ump to ponts on a dened grd. The snap spacng can be set
usng the "Draftng Settngs" daogue box from the "Toos" pu-down
menu. You can aso see f Snap mode s on by ookng at the status bar.
The F1# key s used to swtch poar trackng oh and on. Poar Trackng
aows you to snap to specc anges and these are user denabe.
The F11 key togges ob|ect snap trackng on and oh.
DRADING COMMAND;
Draw commands can be started n a number of ways. Command names or
short-cuts can be entered at the keyboard; commands can be started from
the Draw pu-down menu, shown on the rght or from the Draw toobar.
The Draw commands can be used to create new ob|ects such as nes and
crces. Most AutoCAD drawngs are composed purey and smpy from
these basc components
TOOL1AR O(TION:
COMMAND; FOR DRADING
1' DRADING LINE;
Lnes are probaby the most smpe of AutoCAD ob|ects. Usng the Lne command, a ne can be
drawn between any two ponts pcked wthn the drawng area. Lnes are usuay the rst ob|ects
you w want to draw when startng a new drawng because they can be used as "constructon
nes" upon whch the rest of your drawng w be based. Never forget that creatng drawngs wth
AutoCAD s not so dssmar from creatng drawngs on a
drawng board. Many of the basc drawng methods are the
same.
T3, L0n, Comm7nd
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard ne or L
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page &)
Wth the Lne command you can draw a smpe ne from one
pont to another. When you pick the rst pont and move the
cross-hairs to the ocaton of the second pont you w see a
rubber band line whch shows you where the ne w be
drawn when the second pont s pcked. Lne objects have two
ends (the rst pont and the ast pont). You can contnue
pckng ponts and AutoCAD w draw a straght ne between each pcked pont and the prevous
pont. Each ne segment drawn s a separate object and can be moved or erased as requred. To
end ths command, |ust ht the key on the keyboard.
Command Sequence at the command prompt
Comm7nd: LINE
Specfy rst pont: (pck P1)
Specfy next pont or |Undo|: (pck P2)
Specfy next pont or |Undo|: (to end)
You can aso draw nes by enterng the co-ordnates of ther end ponts at the command prompt
rather than pckng ther poston from the screen. Ths enabes you to draw nes that are oh
screen, shoud you want to.
T3, Const*u/t0on L0n, Comm7nd
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard XLINE or XL
Constructon Lne command creates a ne of nnte ength whch passes through two pcked ponts.
Constructon nes are very usefu for creatng constructon frameworks or grds wthn whch to
desgn. They are not normay used as ob|ects n nshed drawngs, t s usua, therefore, to draw a
your constructon nes on a separate layer whch w be turned oh or frozen pror to prntng.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: ALINE
Specfy a pont or |Hor/Ver/Ang/Bsect/Ohset|: (pck a pont)
Specfy through pont: (pck a second pont)
Specfy through pont: (to end or pck another pont)
You may notce that there are a number of optons wth ths command. For exampe, the "Hor" and
"Ver" optons can be used to draw constructon nes that are truy horzonta or vertca. In both
these cases, ony a snge pck pont s requred because the drecton of the ne s predetermned.
To use a command opton, smpy enter the captazed part of the opton name at the command
prompt. Foow the command sequence beow to see how you woud draw a constructon ne usng
the Horzonta opton.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: ALINE
Hor/Ver/Ang/Bsect/Ohset/<From pont>: H
Through pont: (pck a pont to poston the ne)
Through pont: (to end or pck a pont for another horzonta ne)
T3, R7. Comm7nd
The Ray command creates a ne smar to a constructon ne except that t extends nntey n one
drecton from the rst pck pont. The drecton of the Ray s determned by the poston of the
second pck pont.
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page &*
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard RAY
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: RAY
Specfy start pont: (pck the start pont)
Specfy through pont: (pck a second pont to determne drecton)
Specfy through pont: (to end or pck another pont)
T3, (OLYLINE;
Poynes dher from nes n that they are more compex ob|ects. A snge poyne can be composed
of a number of straght-ne or arc segments. Poynes can aso be gven ne wdths to make them
appear sod. The ustraton beow shows a number of poynes to gve you an dea of the exbty
of ths type of ne.
You may be wonderng, f Poynes are so usefu, why bother usng ordnary nes at a? There are a
number of answers to ths queston. The most frequenty gven answer s that because of ther
compexty, poynes use up more dsk space than the equvaent ne. As t s desrabe to keep e
szes as sma as possbe, t s a good dea to use nes rather than poynes uness you have a
partcuar requrement. You w aso nd, as you work wth AutoCAD that nes and poynes are
operatonay dherent. Sometmes t s easer to work wth poynes for certan tasks and at other
tmes nes are best.
(o8.80n, Comm7nd
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard PLINE
The Poyne or Pne command s smar to the ne command
except that the resutng ob|ect may be composed of a number of
segments whch form a snge object. In addton to the two ends
a poyne s sad to have vertices (snguar vertex) where
ntermedate ne segments |on. In practce the Poyne command
works n the same way as the Lne command aowng you to pck
as many ponts as you ke. Agan, |ust ht to end. As wth the Lne command, you aso have the
opton to automatcay close a poyne end to end. To do ths, type C to use the cose opton
nstead of httng . Foow the command sequence beow to see how ths works.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Comm7nd: (LINE
Specfy start pont: (pck P1)
Current ne-wdth s 0.0000
Specfy next pont or |Arc/Hafwdth/Length/Undo/Wdth|: (pck P2)
Specfy next pont or |Arc/Cose/Hafwdth/Length/Undo/Wdth|: (pck P3)
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Specfy next pont or
|Arc/Cose/Hafwdth/Length/Undo/Wdth|: (or C to cose)
Poynes can be edted after they are created to, for exampe, change ther wdth. You can do ths
usng the PEDIT command, Mod0F. O-G,/t (o8.80n, from the pu-down menu.
?' DRADING RECTANGLE
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard RECTANG or REC
The Rectange command s used to draw a rectange
whose sdes are vertca and horzonta. The poston and sze of
the rectange are dened by pckng two dagona corners. The
rectange sn't reay an AutoCAD ob|ect at a. It s, n fact, |ust
a cosed poyne whch s automatcay drawn for you.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: RECTANG
Specfy rst corner pont or
|Chamfer/Eevaton/Fet/Thckness/Wdth|: (pck P1)
Specfy other corner pont or |Dmensons|: (pck P2)
The Rectange command aso has a number of optons. Wdth works n the same way as for the
Poyne command. The Chamfer and Fet optons have the same ehect as the Chamfer and Fet
commands Eevaton and Thckness are 3D optons.
Notce that, nstead of pckng a second pont to draw the rectange, you have the opton of enterng
dmensons. Say you wanted to draw a rectange 20 drawng unts ong and 10 drawng unts wde.
The command sequence woud ook ke ths:
Command Sequence
Command: RECTANG
Specfy rst corner pont or |Chamfer/Eevaton/Fet/Thckness/Wdth|:
(pck a pont)
Specfy other corner pont or |Dmensons|: D
Specfy ength for rectanges <0.0000>: 20
Specfy wdth for rectanges <0.0000>: 10
Specfy other corner pont or |Dmensons|: (pck a pont to x the orentaton)
@' DRADING (OLYGON
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard POLYGON or POL
The Poygon command can be used to draw any reguar poygon from 3 sdes up to 1024 sdes. Ths
command requres four nputs from the user, the number of sdes, a pck pont for the centre of the
poygon, whether you want the poygon inscribed or circumscribed and then a pck pont whch
determnes both the radus of ths magnary crce and the orentaton of the poygon. The poygon
command creates a cosed poyne n the shape of the requred poygon.
Ths command aso aows you to dene the poygon by enterng the ength of a sde usng the Edge
opton. You can aso contro the sze of the poygon by enterng an exact radus for the crce. Foow
the command sequence beow to see how ths command works.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: (OLYGON
Enter number of sdes <4>: 5
Specfy center of poygon or |Edge|: (pck P1 or type E to dene by edge ength)
Enter an opton |Inscrbed n crce/Crcumscrbed about crce| <I>:
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(to accept the nscrbed defaut or type C for crcumscrbed)
Specfy radus of crce: (pck P2 or enter exact radus)
C' DRADING DON&T
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard DONUT or DO
Ths command draws a sod donut shape. AutoCAD asks you to dene the nsde dameter .e. the
dameter of the hoe and then the outsde dameter of the donut. The donut s then drawn n outne
and you are asked to pck the centre pont n order to poston the donut. You can contnue pckng
centre ponts to draw more donuts or you can ht to end the command. Surprsngy, donuts are
constructed from snge cosed poynes composed of two arc segments whch have been gven a
wdth. Fortunatey AutoCAD works a ths out for you, so a you
see s a donut.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: DON&T
Specfy nsde dameter of donut <0.5000>:
(pck any two ponts to dene a dameter or enter the exact
ength)
Specfy outsde dameter of donut <1.0000>:
(pck any two ponts to dene a dameter or enter the exact
ength)
Specfy center of donut or <ext>: (pck P1)
Specfy center of donut or <ext>:
(to end or contnue to pck for more doughnuts)
As an aternatve to pckng two ponts or enterng a vaue for the dameters, you coud |ust ht to
accept the default value. Most AutoCAD commands that requre user nput have defaut vaues.
They aways appear n tranguar brackets ke ths <defaut vaue>.
DRADING CIRCLE;
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard CIRCLE or C
The Crce command s used to draw crces. There are a number of ways you can dene the crce.
The defaut method s to pck the centre pont and then to ether
pck a second pont on the crcumference of the crce or enter
the crce radus at the keyboard.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: CIRCLE
Specfy center pont for crce or |3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radus)|: (pck
P1)
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Specfy radus of crce or |Dameter| <50.0195>:
(pck P2 or enter the exact radus)
As you can see from the command prompt above the defaut optons are aways ndcated n
tranguar brackets ke so <Defaut> and command optons appear wthn square brackets ke so
|Opton|. Each option s separated by a forward sash ke ths /. You can choose to use the
aternatve optons by typng them at the prompt. For exampe, the crce command gves you three
extra optons to dene a crce :
1. 3P whch uses any three ponts on the crcumference
2. 2P whch uses two ponts on the crcumference to form a dameter.
3. Ttr whch stands for Tangent Tangent Radus. Obvousy to use ths ast opton you need to
have drawn two nes whch you can use as tangents to the crce.
If you want to use the Ttr opton, you need ony enter "T".
5' DRADING ARC;
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard ARC or A
The Arc command aows you to draw an arc of a crce. There are
numerous ways to dene an arc, the defaut method uses
three pck ponts, a start pont, a second pont and an end
pont. Usng ths method, the drawn arc w start at the rst
pck pont, pass through the second pont and end at the thrd pont. Once you have mastered the
defaut method try some of the others. You may, for exampe need to draw an arc wth a specc
radus. A of the Arc command optons are avaabe from the pu-down menu.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: ARC
Specfy start pont of arc or |Center|: (pck P1)
Specfy second pont of arc or |Center/End|: (pck P2)
Specfy end pont of arc: (pck P3)
J' DRADING ELLI(;E
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard ELLIPSE or EL
The Epse command gves you a number of dherent
creaton optons. The defaut opton s to pck the two end
ponts of an axs and then a thrd pont to dene the
eccentrcty of the epse. After you have mastered the
defaut opton, try out the others.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: ELLI(;E
Specfy axs endpont of epse or |Arc/Center|: (pck P1)
Specfy other endpont of axs: (pck P2)
Specfy dstance to other axs or |Rotaton|: (pck P3)
The epse command can aso be used to draw sometrc crces.
L' (OINT;
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard POINT or PO
Ponts and Pont Styes
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Ponts are very smpe ob|ects and the process of creatng them s aso very smpe. Ponts are rarey
used as drawng components athough there s no reason why they coud not be. They are normay
used |ust as drawng ads n a smar way that Constructon Lnes and Rays are used. For exampe,
ponts are automatcay created when you use the Measure and Dvde commands to set out
dstances aong a ne.
When addng ponts to a drawng t s usuay desrabe to set the pont stye rst because the
defaut stye can be dmcut to see.
The pont command w nsert a pont marker n your drawng at a poston whch you pck n the
drawng wndow or at any co-ordnate ocaton whch you enter at the keyboard. The defaut pont
stye s a smpe dot, whch s often dmcut to see but you can change the pont stye to somethng
more easy vsbe or eaborate usng the pont stye daogue box. Ponts can be used for "settng
out" a drawng n addton to constructon nes.
Command: POINT
Current pont modes: PDMODE=0 PDSIZE=0.0000
Specfy a pont: (pck any pont)
Strangey, n Mutpe Pont mode (the defaut for
the
Pont button on the Draw toobar) you w need to
use
the escape key (Esc) on your keyboard to end the
command. The usua rght-cck or enter doesn't
work.
The Pont Stye Command
Toobar none
Pu-down
Fo*m7t (o0nt
;t.8,M
Keyboard DD(TY(E
You can start the pont stye command from the keyboard by typng DDPTYPE or you can start t
from the pu-down menu at Fo*m7t (o0nt ;t.8,M The command starts by dspayng a dialogue
box oherng a number of optons.
To change the pont stye, |ust pck the pcture of the stye you want and then cck the "OK" button.
You w need to use the Regen command, REGEN at the keyboard or V0,2 R,6,n from the pu-
down to force any exstng ponts n your drawng to dspay n the new stye. Any new ponts
created after the stye has been set w automatcay dspay n the new stye.
One nterestng aspect of ponts s that ther sze can be set to an absoute vaue or reatve to the
screen sze, expressed as a percentage. The defaut s for ponts to dspay reatve to the screen
sze, whch s very usefu because t means that ponts w reman the same sze, rrespectve of
zoom factor. Ths s partcuary convenent when drawngs become compex and the drawng
process requres a ot of zoomng n and out.
EAAM(LE; ON DRADING COMMAND;
1. Makng a cosed gure usng ne command -> cose opton
Command: 80n,
Specfy rst pont: 5,6
Specfy next pont or |Undo|: 8,6
Specfy next pont or |Cose/Undo|:c
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2. Makng a square usng ne command (Reatve poar co-ordnate system)
Command: 80n,
Specfy next pont or |Undo|: @4<0
Specfy next pont or |Undo|: @4<90
Specfy next pont or |Cose/Undo|: @4<180
Specfy next pont or |Cose/Undo|: @4<270
OUTPUT
3. Makng a Crce usng centre and radus opton of crce command.
Comm7nd s,Ku,n/,
Command: /0*/8,
3P/2P/TTR/<Center pont>: 3,4
Dameter/<Radus> <2.0000>: 2
OUTPUT:

4. Makng a Crce usng ttr opton of crce command
Command: /0*/8,
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3P/2P/TTR/<Center pont>: ttr
Enter Tangent spec:
Enter second Tangent spec: Radus <0.5000>: .5
O&T(&T
5. Makng an epse wth center the ength(from center) aong x-axs and y-axs
Command: ,880)s,
Specfy axs endpont of epse or |Arc/Center|: c
Specfy center of epse: 4,5
Specfy endpont of axs: @1<0
Specfy dstance to other axs or |Rotaton|: @4<90
O&T(&T
6. Drawng sem-crce usng the arc(aways drawn n ant-cock wse drecton)
Command: 7*/
Specfy start pont of arc or |Center|: c
Specfy center pont of arc: 4,5
Specfy start pont of arc: 5,5
Specfy end pont of arc or |Ange/chord Length|: 3,5
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EDITING COMMAND;
For usng edtng commands rst you need to seect the ob|ect n the gure, whch you need to edt.
Ths can be done by ob|ect seecton.
1. O1JECT ;ELECTION
Before you start to use the AutoCAD Modfy commands, you need to know somethng about
seectng ob|ects. A of the Modfy commands requre that you make one or more ob|ect seectons.
7 ;,8,/t0n6 o-G,/ts -. )0/=0n6
You have to do s pace your cursor over an ob|ect, cck the mouse button and the ob|ect w be
seected.
When you start edtng command such as ERASE, two thngs happen. Frst, the cursor changes from
the usua crosshairs to the pickbox and second, there w be a "Seect ob|ects" prompt on the
command ne. Both of these cues are to et you know that AutoCAD s expectng you to seect one
or more ob|ects.
;,8,/t o-G,/ts:
To seect an ob|ect, pace the pckbox over a part of the ob|ect and eft-cck the mouse. When the
ob|ect has been pcked t s highlighted n a dashed ne to show that t s part of the current
seecton and the command ne reports "1 found". You w now see the "Seect ob|ects" prompt on
the command ne agan. At ths pont you can contnue addng more ob|ects to the current seecton
by pckng them or you can press or the Space Bar to compete the seecton.
The Crosshairs The Pickbox ighlighted Object
When you pck one or more ob|ects n response to the "Seect ob|ects" prompt, you are ehectvey
creatng a selection set. Seecton sets are an mportant concept n AutoCAD because they can be
used to great ehect, especay when drawngs become arge or compcated.
- ;,8,/t0n6 o-G,/ts -. us0n6 /omm7nds
DINDOD (OLYGON ;ELECTION
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The Wndow Poygon opton, nvoked by typng D( s smar to the Wndow opton except that you
can dene an rreguar poygon shape wthn whch ob|ects w be seected. As wth the Wndow
opton, ony ob|ects that fa entrey wthn the poygon w be seected.
Command Sequence at the command prompt
Command: (start one of the edtng commands)
Seect ob|ects: D(
Frst poygon pont: (pck rst pont)
Specfy endpont of ne or |Undo|: (pck second pont)
Specfy endpont of ne or |Undo|: (pck thrd pont)
Specfy endpont of ne or |Undo|: (pck another pont or
to end poygon seecton)
Seect ob|ects: ( to compete the seecton set or add
more ob|ects)
A poygon s formed by pckng at east three ponts.
CRO;; (OLYGON ;ELECTION
The Crossng Poygon opton can be used n exacty the same way as the Wndow Poygon opton
but t has the same seecton crtera as the Crossng Wndow opton, .e. ob|ects w be seected f
they fa entrey wthn or touch the poygon boundary. Ths opton s nvoked by typng C( at the
"Seect ob|ects" prompt.
Not,: Lnes, poygons and wndows drawn usng the seecton optons do not exst as drawng
ob|ects. Once the seecton has been made they dsappear.
&;ING (REVIO&; ;ELECTION
AutoCAD aways remembers the ast seecton set you dened. Ths s very usefu because you may
need to make a number of changes usng dherent commands to the same group of ob|ects. In
order to re-seect the ast seecton set you can use the Prevous opton. The prevous opton s
nvoked by typng ( at the "Seect ob|ects" prompt.
;ELECTING ALL O1JECT;
The A opton s nvoked by typng ALL at the "Seect ob|ects" prompt. You can use ths opton to
seect a the ob|ects n the current drawng, no pckng s requred. Ob|ects on Locked or Frozen
ayers are not seected but ob|ects on ayers whch are smpy turned oh are seected.
DINDOD ;ELECTION
The Wndow opton s nvoked by typng D n response to the "Seect ob|ects" prompt. Wndow
aows you to dene a rectange usng two ponts n exacty the same way as the RECTANGLE
command. Once the wndow s dened, a ob|ects whch e entrey wthn the wndow w be
seected.
The !indo" selection box is
sho"n
as a rectangle "ith a solid line
Only objects entirely "ithin the
"indo" "ill be selected
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: (start one of the Modfy commands such as ERASE)
Seect ob|ects: W
Frst corner: (pck rst corner)
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Specfy opposte corner: (pck second corner)
Seect ob|ects: (at ths pont you can ether seect more ob|ects or to compete the
seecton set and contnue wth the current command.)
CRO;;ING DINDOD ;ELECTION
The Crossng Wndow opton s nvoked by typng C at the "Seect ob|ects" prompt and s a varaton
of the Wndow command. The command sequence s exacty the same but ob|ects are seected
whch e entrey wthn the wndow and those whch cross the wndow border.
The Crossing selection box is
sho"n
as a rectangle "ith a broken line
Objects "ithin and crossing the
"indo" "ill be selected
FENCE ;ELECTION
The Fence opton aows you to draw a mut-segment ne, ke a Poyne. A ob|ects whch cross the
fence w be seected. The Fence opton s nvoked by typng F at the "Seect ob|ects" prompt.
Command:
(start one of the Modfy commands such as ERASE)
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Seect ob|ects: F
Frst fence pont: (pck rst pont)
Specfy endpont of ne or |Undo|: (pck second pont)
Specfy endpont of ne or |Undo|: (pck another pont or to end fence seecton)
Seect ob|ects: ( to compete the seecton set or add more ob|ects)
?' EDITING THE FIG&RE 1Y &;ING EDITING COMMAND;
0' CO(Y /omm7nd
The Copy command can be used to create one or more dupcates of any drawng ob|ect or ob|ects,
whch you have prevousy created. Copy s a very usefu and tmesavng command because you
can create very compex drawng eements and then smpy copy them as many tmes as you ke.
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard CO(Y or C(
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page )*
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Comm7nd: CO(Y
;,8,/t o-G,/ts: (pck ob|ect to copy, P1)
;,8,/t o-G,/ts: (to end seecton)
;),/0F. -7s, )o0nt o* d0s)87/,m,nt$
o* NMu8t0)8,O: (pck P2 or M for mutpe copes)
;),/0F. s,/ond )o0nt oF d0s)87/,m,nt
o* Bus, E*st )o0nt 7s d0s)87/,m,ntP: (pck P3)
The mutpe opton aows you to create addtona copes of the seected ob|ect(s) by pckng as
many new ponts as you ke. To end a mutpe copy, |ust ht the key.
Notce that the "Base pont", P2 and the "Second pont", P3 do not have to be pcked on or near the
ob|ect. The two ponts are smpy used to ndcate the dstance and drecton of the coped ob|ect
from the orgna ob|ect
00' MIRROR /omm7nd
The mrror command aows you to mrror seected ob|ects n your drawng by pckng
them and then denng the poston of an magnary mrror ne usng two ponts.
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard MIRROR
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: MIRROR
Seect ob|ects: (pck ob|ect to mrror, P1)
Seect ob|ects: (to end seecton)
Specfy rst pont of mrror ne: (pck P2)
Specfy second pont of mrror ne: (pck P3)
Deete source ob|ects? |Yes/No| <N>: (for No to keep the orgna ob|ect)
Notce that n the command sequence above, pressng the key when asked whether to "Deete
source ob|ects?" resuted n a "No" response. Ths s because "No" s the default opton. AutoCAD
aways shows the defaut opton wthn tranguar brackets, n ths case "<N>". Many AutoCAD
commands oher defaut optons. They are usuay the most commony used and you need ony
rght-cck and seect "Enter" from the menu or press on the keyboard to accept them.
000' OFF;ET /omm7nd
Ohset s probaby one of the most usefu commands for constructng drawngs. The Ohset
command creates a new ob|ect parae to or concentrc wth a seected ob|ect. The new ob|ect s
drawn at a user dened dstance (the ohset) from the orgna and n a drecton chosen by the user
wth a pck pont. You can ohset nes, arcs, crces, epses, 2D poynes, xnes, rays and panar
spnes.
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page )+
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard OFF;ET
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: OFF;ET
Specfy ohset dstance or |Through| <1.0000>: (specfy dstance)
Seect ob|ect to ohset or <ext>: (seect ob|ect, P1)
Specfy pont on sde to ohset: (pck drecton, P2)
Seect ob|ect to ohset or <ext>: (to end or seect another ob|ect to ohset)
In the ustraton beow, a ne (cyan) has been ohset to the rght through a dstance "OQs,t" by
pckng a pont to the rght of the orgna ne. The resut s a new ne (red) to the rght of the
orgna.
Crces can be ohset nsde or outsde of themseves to create a new crce, whch s concentrc (has
the same center pont) wth the orgna crce. In the ustraton, a new crce (red) has been
created outsde of the orgna by pckng a pont outsde of the orgna crce. The radus of the new
crce s the ohset dstance "OQs,t" pus the radus of the orgna crce.
In the ustraton above, the new ob|ects and orgna ob|ects are shown n dherent coors for
carty. In reaty, ohset ob|ects nhert ther object properties from the orgna ob|ect.
0+' ARRAY /omm7nd
The Array command makes mutpe copes of seected ob|ects n a rectanguar matrx (coumns and
rows) or a poar (crcuar) pattern. Ths command has been competey transformed n AutoCAD
2000. It s now competey daogue box drven wth the opton to see a prevew of the array before
t s created. You can aso now create rectanguar arrays at a user speced ange ange. Ths
consttutes a ma|or mprovement n usabty.
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard ARRAY
RECTANG&LAR ARRAY
The dstance between rows s ndcated wth the
dmenson DR and between coumns wth DC.
When creatng rectanguar arrays t s mportant
to remember that new rows are created above the
orgna ob|ect and new coumns are created to
the rght of the orgna ob|ect. The resutng array
s, therefore, aways created wth the orgna
ob|ect n the bottom eft hand poston wth
respect to the current co-ordnate system
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page )%
Now start the Array command. Frst of a, make sure that the Rectanguar Array rado button s
seected and that you are ookng at the Rectanguar Array daogue box and now foow the
steps beow:
1. Cck the Seect ob|ects button. The daogue box w temporary dsappear enabng you to
seect the rectange you |ust drew. Press the Return button on your keyboard to compete the
seecton. You are now returned to the daogue box and the message mmedatey beow the
Seect Ob|ects button shoud read "1 ob|ects seected".
2. Enter the number of rows requred n the Rows edt box. For ths exampe, enter the vaue
"3". Notce that the schematc prevew on the rght hand sde of the daogue box updates to
reect the vaues you are enterng.
3. Enter the number of coumns requred n the Coumns edt box. Enter the vaue "2".
4. Enter the row ohset n the Row Ohset edt box. Ths s the dstance DR n the ustraton
above. Note that ts s not the dstance between rows. In ths exampe, our rectange s 10
unts hgh and we w enter a row ohset of 15. The resut w be a 5 unt gap between
rectanges.
5. Enter the coumn ohset n the Coumn Ohset edt box. The same parameters appy as for the
row ohset. Enter a vaue of 25 to gve a 5 unt gap between our rectanges.
6. Cck on the Prevew button. Once agan, the daogue box dsappears and the speced array
s temporary drawn so that we can prevew t. We are now ohered 3 choces. If the array
sn't qute rght, cck the Modfy button to return to the Array daogue box. If you are happy
wth the array, cck the Accept button, the array w be permanenty drawn and the
command s ended.
(OLAR ARRAY
The poar array works n a smar way to the rectanguar array. The man dherence s that
rather than specfyng the number and ohset for rows and coumns, you must specfy a
center pont and the tota number of ob|ects n the array (ncudng the orgna ob|ect).
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page ),
1. Cck the Seect ob|ects button. The daogue box w temporary dsappear enabng you to
seect the rectange you |ust drew. Press the Return button on your keyboard to compete the
seecton. You are now returned to the daogue box and the message mmedatey beow the
Seect Ob|ects button shoud read "1 ob|ects seected".
Specfy the center pont for the array. Ths s the pont C n the ustraton beow. You can do ths by
enterng x and y co-ordnates nto the approprate edt boxes f you know what these vaues shoud
be. However, ths s rarey the case and most often you w want to cck the Pck Center Pont
button to pck a pont from the drawng area. Pck a pont somewhere beow the rectange you have
|ust drawn. Pck a pont somewhere beow the rectange you have |ust drawn. Enter a vaue for the
tota number of tems. For ths exampe, enter the vaue "6". Notce that once agan, the schematc
prevew updates to reect the vaues you have entered.
2. Make sure that the Rotate tems as coped checkbox s checked.
3. Cck on the Prevew button. Once agan, the daogue box dsappears and the speced array
s temporary drawn so that we can prevew t. We are now ohered 3 choces. If the array
sn't qute rght, cck the Modfy button to return to the Array daogue box. If you are happy
wth the array, cck the Accept button, the array w be permanenty drawn and the
command s ended.
The array you have |ust drawn shoud ook somethng ke the one ustrated beow, eft. Take
some tme to pay around wth the other optons n the Array daogue box to see what they can
do.
The ustraton above shows the resuts of a poar array usng an orgna rectange (cyan) coped
sx tmes about a centre pont C, through an ange of 360 degrees (fu crce). The ony dherence
between the array on the eft and the one on the rght s that the Rotate tems as coped checkbox
was not checked n the rght hand exampe.
v. MOVE /omm7nd
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The Move command works n a smar way to the Copy command except that no copy s made, the
seected ob|ect(s) s smpy moved from one ocaton to another.
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard MOVE or M
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: MOVE
Seect ob|ects: (pck ob|ect to move, P1)
Specfy base pont or dspacement: (pck P2)
Specfy second pont of dspacement
or <use rst pont as dspacement>: (pck P3)
Not, that as wth the Copy command, the two pck ponts, P2 and P3 are used ony to ndcate the
dstance and drecton.
v. ROTATE command
The Rotate command aows an ob|ect or ob|ects to be rotated about a pont seected by the
user. AutoCAD prompts for a second rotaton pont or an ange whch can be typed at the keyboard.
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard ROTATE or RO
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: ROTATE
Current postve ange n UCS: ANGDIR=countercockwse ANGBASE=0
Seect ob|ects: (pck ob|ect to rotate, P1)
Specfy base pont: (pck base pont, P2)
Specfy rotaton ange or |Reference|: (pck second pont, P3 or enter ange)
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page )'
Remember, by defaut, AutoCAD anges start at 3 o'cock and ncrease n an ant-cockwse
drecton. The "ANGDIR" and "ANGBASE" varabes remnd you of ths. If you want to rotate n a
cockwse drecton you can enter a negatve ange by usng a mnus sgn.
Not,: You can change the ange drecton and the base ange usng the Unts command, Fo*m7t
&n0tsM from the pu-down menu. Cck the "Cockwse" check box to change the drecton and cck
the "Drecton" button to set the base ange.
v. SCALE command
The Scae command can be used to change the sze of an ob|ect or group of ob|ects. You are
prompted for a pck pont about whch the seecton set w be scaed. Scang can then be
competed by pckng a second pont (not aways easy because t can sometmes be dmcut to
precsey contro the scang) or by enterng a scae factor at the keyboard. For exampe a scae
factor of 2 w doube the sze of the ob|ects n the seecton set and a factor of 0.5 w haf them.
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard ;CALE
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: ;CALE
Seect ob|ects: (pck ob|ects to be scaed, P1)
Specfy base pont: (pck base pont, P2)
Specfy scae factor or |Reference|: (pck second pont, P3 or enter scae factor)
In the exampe shown above, the orgna tree symbo has been enarged by dynamcay scang t
usng pck ponts to determne the change n scae. If you want to scae an ob|ect precsey, t s
much easer to enter a scae factor usng the keyboard.
Note that the poston of the new szed tree symbo s determned by the ocaton of the base pont.
The base pont, P2 has been pcked to the upper rght of the centre of the tree whch resuted n the
centre of the tree shftng to a ower eft poston. If the base pont had been pcked n the centre of
the tree symbo, the tree woud have remaned n the same poston. In theory the base pont can
be any pont n the drawng area but for ease of contro t s best to choose a known pont so that
the resuts are obvous.
v. STRECH command
The Stretch command can be used to move one or more vertces of an ob|ect whst eavng the rest
of the ob|ect unchanged. In the exampe beow, a rectange has been stretched by movng one
vertex to create an rreguar shape.
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard ;TRETCH
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page ).
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: ;TRETCH
Seect ob|ects to stretch by crossng-wndow or crossng-poygon...
Seect ob|ects: (pck rst pont of crossng wndow)
Specfy opposte corner: (pck second pont of wndow)
Specfy base pont or dspacement: (pck base pont)
Specfy second pont of dspacement: (pck second pont)
To seect vertces to stretch, you must use a crossng wndow or poygon
Stretchng wth Grps
Athough the Stretch command can be very usefu, t has argey been superseded by the use of
"Grps" whch aow ths sort of modcaton to be made much more ntutvey.
To stretch an ob|ect usng grps, smpy seect the ob|ect by cckng on t (you can do ths wthout
startng a command). The ob|ect becomes hghghted and sma square grps appear at each vertex
and varous snap ponts, dependng upon the ob|ect type. Cck a grp to actvate t and cck agan
to reposton t. When you have competed your modcatons, use the Escape key (Esc) at the top
eft of your keyboard to deseect the ob|ect and reease grps.
0<' TRIM /omm7nd
The Trm command can be used to trm a part of an ob|ect. In order to trm an ob|ect you
must draw a second ob|ect whch forms the "cuttng edge". Cuttng edges can be nes, xnes, rays,
poynes, crces, arcs or epses. Bocks and text cannot be trmmed or used as cuttng edges. The
ustraton on the rght shows the Trm command n acton. The red square and crce have been
drawn usng the Poygon and Crce commands respectvey. In order to trm these ob|ects, a ne
has been drawn (cyan n the ustraton), ths forms the cuttng edge. The Trm command, unke
most other modfy commands requres that two separate ob|ect seectons are made. The cuttng
edges are seected rst (there can be one or more) and then the ob|ects to be trmmed are
seected. In the exampe above, the ne s seected rst because t forms the cuttng edge and then
the square and crce are seected.
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard TRIM or TR
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page *(
x.
x.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: TRIM
Current settngs: Pro|ecton=UCS Edge=None
Seect cuttng edges ...
Seect ob|ects: (seect the cuttng edge, P1)
Seect ob|ects: (to end cuttng edge seecton)
Seect ob|ect to trm or shft-seect to extend
or |Pro|ect/Edge/Undo|:(pck the part of the square whch you want to trm, P2)
or |Pro|ect/Edge/Undo|: (pck the crce, P3)
or |Pro|ect/Edge/Undo|: (to end)
Notce that at each trmmng step you are gven the opton to undo the prevous trm. Ths can be
very usefu f you nadvertenty pck the wrong ob|ect.
<' BREAK command
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard 1REA%
The Break command enabes you to break (remove part of) an ob|ect by denng two break ponts.
In the ustraton beow, a corner of a rectange has been removed. The Break command can be
used wth nes, poynes, crces, arcs epses, spnes, xnes and rays. When you break an ob|ect,
you can ether seect the ob|ect usng the rst break pont and then pck the second break pont, or
you can seect the ob|ect and then pck the two break ponts.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: 1REA%
Seect ob|ects: (seect the ob|ect usng the rst break pont, P1)
Specfy second break pont or |Frst pont|: (pck the second break pont, P2)
The secton of the ob|ect s removed and the command ends.
Sometmes you may want to seect the ob|ect rst and then specfy the two break ponts. If ths s
the case, use the "Frst pont" opton to specfy the rst break pont. By defaut, AutoCAD assumes
that the pont used to seect the ob|ect s the rst break pont. Ths s often confusng for new users.
It may sometmes be necessary to break a ne nto two wthout removng any part of t. In ths
case, smpy pck the rst and second break ponts n the same poston.
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page *&
<0' CHAMFER /omm7nd
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard CHAMFER
The Chamfer command enabes you to create a chamfer between any two non-parae nes as n
the ustraton beow or any two ad|acent poyne segments. Usuay, the Chamfer command s
used to set the chamfer dstances before drawng the chamfer. Foow the command sequence
beow where the chamfer dstances are changed to 20 before the chamfer s made.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: CHAMFER
(TRIM mode) Current chamfer Dst1 = 10.0000, Dst2 = 10.0000
Seect rst ne or |Poyne/Dstance/Ange/Trm/Method|: D (to set dstances)
Specfy rst chamfer dstance <10.0000>: 20 (enter requred dstance)
Specfy second chamfer dstance <20.0000>: (rst dstance vaue or enter a dherent vaue)
Seect rst ne or |Poyne/Dstance/Ange/Trm/Method|: (pck P1)
Seect second ne: (pck P2)
The chamfer s made and the command ends.
Notce from the command sequence that there are a number of optons whch can be used to
contro the way the Chamfer command behaves. The Poyne opton can be used to chamfer a
vertexes of a poyne smutaneousy. The Dstance opton aows you to specfy the two chamfer
dstances. Ange aows the ange between the rst ne and the chamfer to be speced. Trm s
used to contro whether the orgna nes are trmmed to the chamfer or reman as they are. Fnay,
Method s used to togge the command between Dstance and Ange mode. When Ange mode s
used, the chamfer s dened usng one dstance and an ange rather than two dstances.
<00' FILLET /omm7nd
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard FILLET
The Fet command s a very usefu too whch aows you to draw an arc between two ntersectng
nes or ad|acent poyne segments. You rst need to use the command to set the requred radus
and then a second tme to seect the two nes.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: FILLET
Current settngs: Mode = TRIM, Radus = 10.0000
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page *)
Seect rst ob|ect or |Poyne/Radus/Trm|: R
Specfy et radus <10.000>: 25
Seect rst ob|ect or |Poyne/Radus/Trm|: (pck P1)
Seect second ob|ect : (pck P2)
The Fet command can aso be used to et arcs and crces. The "Poyne" opton aso aows you
to et a vertces of a poyne wth a snge command. It's worth expermentng wth ths
command, t can save you ots of tme and enabes you to construct shapes whch otherwse woud
be qute dmcut.
For exampe, you can easy create the ozenge shape shown on the rght from a smpe rectange.
Snce AutoCAD rectanges are |ust cosed poynes, you can use the Poyne opton of the Fet
command to et a poyne vertexes smutaneousy. Try ths for yoursef; draw a rectange and
then foow the command sequence beow.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: FILLET
Seect rst ob|ect or |Poyne/Radus/Trm|: P
Seect 2D poyne: (pck P1)
4 nes were eted
T0): Make sure that the radus you specfy w t the ob|ects you seect, otherwse the et
command w not work.
DIMEN;IONING COMMAND;
The correct use of Auto CADs dmenson toos s the key to producng cear and concse measured
drawngs. If you |ust need to qucky nd a descrpton of the varous dmenson commands, cck on
the approprate button on the Ouck Fnd toobar beow.
AutoCAD provdes a whoe range of dmensonng toos whch can be used to qucky dmenson any
drawng wthout the need for measurement. Dmensonng n AutoCAD s automatc; nes, arrows
and text are a taken care of by the dmenson commands. AutoCAD dmensons are speca bocks
whch can easy be edted or erased as necessary.
AutoCAD provdes ots of contro over the way dmensons ook. Usng a system smar to text
styes, dmenson styes aow you to desgn dmensons so that they ook |ust the way you want
them to.
For exampe, the ustraton above shows two dherent dmenson styes. The one on the eft s the
defaut stye known as STANDARD. If you do not create a stye of your own or modfy the standard
stye, a dmensons w ook ke ths. The dmenson ne has arrow heads and the dmenson text
s postoned above the ne and s drawn usng the current text stye. The dmenson on the rght
has been drawn usng a new stye. The arrows have been changed to obli#ues, the vertca
agnment of the text has been centred and the current text stye has been changed.
There are ots of dmenson commands whch ncude factes for ndcatng toerances and
aternate unts dmensonng. However, ths tutora ams to cover the most common commands for
genera use and consttutes an ntroducton to dmensonng wth AutoCAD. If you woud ke to earn
more about dmensons, refer to the AutoCAD user manua.
AutoCAD dvdes dmensons nto four man categores:
Lnear
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page **
Rada
Ordnate
Anguar
Seectng and workng wth the dmenson commands n AutoCAD R14 s much easer than n
prevous versons. A commands can be accessed from the keyboard and now most commands are
aso avaabe from the Dmenson pu-down menu and the Dmenson toobar. The Dmenson
toobar s partcuary usefu because t paces a the dmenson commands a snge mouse cck
away. Snce the Dmenson toobar s not dspayed by defaut you w need to enabe t from the
Toobars daogue box. To dspay the Toobar daogue box, seect V0,2RToo8-7*sM from the pu-
down or type TOOLBAR at the keyboard. To dspay the Dmenson toobar, cck n the checkbox
aganst "Dmenson" n the toobar st.
1' LINEAR DIMEN;IONING
As the name suggests the Lnear dmenson commands are used to dmenson aong straght
nes. There are ve near dmenson commands, namey: DIMLINEAR, DIMCONTINUE,
DIMBASELINE, DIMALIGNED and DIMROTATED. The DIMLINEAR command s probaby the most
common dmenson command you w use.
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard DIMLINEAR
You can use ths command to generate horzonta and vertca dmensons.
Creatng a near dmenson s easy. A you have to do s start the command, specfy the two ponts
between whch you want the dmenson to be drawn and pck a pont to x the poston of the
dmenson ne. Consder the dagram (rght) whst workng through the foowng exampes.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: DIMLINEAR
Frst extenson ne orgn or press ENTER to seect: (pck P1)
Second extenson ne orgn: (pck P2)
Dmenson ne ocaton (Mtext/Text/Ange/Horzonta/Vertca/Rotated): (pck a pont to poston the
dmenson ne, you w see the dmenson rubber bandng)
You may have notced that the rst prompt asks you to pck the rst extenson ne
orgn
or to press the ENTER key. Pressng the Enter/Return key resuts n the foowng
prompt:
Seect ob|ect to dmenson:
AutoCAD aows you to dmenson an ob|ect smpy by pckng t. Try ths out.
Draw a ne
or a crce and use ths opton rather than the two pont opton to see what happens.
Dmensons w automatcay ad|ust themseves to accommodate most stuatons. For exampe, the
ustraton on the rght shows what happens to a dmenson f the gap between the two extenson
nes s too sma for the dmenson text.
T3, 17s,80n, D0m,ns0on Comm7nd
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
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b) Keyboard DIM1A;ELINE
You can use ths command to generate a seres of dmensons from a snge base pont. You must
aready have created the rst dmenson n the sequence usng a command such as DIMLINEAR. The
DIMBASELINE command then creates further dmensons n a smar way to the DIMCONTINUE
command. A the user has to do s pck ponts.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: DIM1A;ELINE
Specfy a second extenson ne orgn or (Undo/<Seect>): (pck next pont)
Specfy a second extenson ne orgn or (Undo/<Seect>): (pck another or to end)
Seect base dmenson: ( agan to end)
In the exampe above, the "35.07" dmenson was created usng the DIMLINEAR command. The
others were created usng DIMBASELINE and pckng ponts 1 and 2.
The Agned Dmenson Command
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard DIMALIGNED
You can use ths command to generate agned dmensons. These are dmensons aong ncned
nes whch cannot be dmensoned wth the DIMLINEAR dmenson command because that
command w ony gve a measured dmenson n ether a horzonta or vertca drecton. However,
as you can see from the command sequence beow, ths command
works n exacty the same way.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: DIMALIGNED
Frst extenson ne orgn or press ENTER to seect: (pck P1)
Second extenson ne orgn: (pck P2)
Dmenson ne ocaton (Mtext/Text/Ange): (pck a pont)
The DIMCONTINUE and DIMBASELINE commands can both be used
n con|uncton wth DIMALIGNED dmensons.
?' RADIAL DIMEN;IONING
There are two man rada dmenson commands, DIMDIAMETER and DIMRADIUS. Both commands
resut n a smar ookng dmenson so AutoCAD automatcay nserts a "R" to ndcate a radus and
the dmenson symbo to ndcate a dmenson. You can get AutoCAD to dspay the dmenson
symbo by ncudng "%%c" n any text strng. For exampe, n order to draw the 40mm dameter
text as t s shown n the ustraton on the rght, you woud need to type "%%c40mm". You can use
ths speca character wth any of the text commands.
The Dameter and Radus commands are suppemented by the DIMCENTER command whch can be
used to add a center mark to any crce or arc. The DIMDIAMETER and DIMRADIUS commands do
not automatcay draw a center mark. By conventon t s usua to dmenson fu crces usng a
dameter and arcs (parta crces) usng radus.
The Dameter Dmenson Command
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard DIMDIAMETER
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You can use the Dameter command to annotate a crce or an arc wth a dameter dmenson. To
acheve ths smpy start the command, pck a pont on the crcumference of the crce, pck a
second pont to determne the ength of the eader and then add the dmenson text or Return to
accept the defaut.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: DIMDIAMETER
Seect arc or crce: (pck the crcumference P1)
Dmenson ne ocaton (Mtext/Text/Ange): (move the cursor unt you
are happy wth the text poston and then pck to compete the
sequence)
The Radus Dmenson Command
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard DIMRADI&;
The Radus command s dentca to the Dameter command except that the dmenson
measurement s a radus rather than a dmenson and the resutng dmenson text s prexed wth a
"R" to ndcate radus.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: DIMRADI&;
Seect arc or crce: (pck the crcumference P2)
Dmenson ne ocaton (M text/Text/Ange): (move the cursor unt you are happy
wth the text poston and then pck to compete the sequence)
Notce that n the ustraton above the radus dmenson has been postoned nsde the crce. Both
dameter and radus dmensons can be postoned ether nsde or outsde an arc or crce.
T3, C,nt,* M7*= Comm7nd
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard DIMCENTER
You can use the Center Mark command to annotate a crce or an arc wth a cross at the center. The
ustraton above shows a center mark added to a crce after a dameter has been drawn.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: DIMCENTER
Seect arc or crce: (Pck the crcumference of a crce or arc)
A cross s drawn at the center pont.
ANG&LAR DIMEN;IONING
The Anguar command s amazngy exbe and can be used to ndcate an ange n amost any
stuaton. |ust ke the other dmenson commands, a parts of the process are rubber banded so
you can see the resuts of your actons before you make the na pck.
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard DIMANG&LAR
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Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: DIMANG&LAR
Seect arc, crce, ne, or press ENTER: (pck a ne)
Second ne: (pck another ne)
Dmenson arc ne ocaton (Mtext/Text/Ange): (pck pont)
Move the cursor poston unt you are happy wth the resut. Notce that you can move the cursor to
ether sde of the nes and the anguar dmenson w change accordngy.
You may have notced that at the rst prompt you are gven the opton to press ENTER. If you use
ths opton you w be prompted to pck the ange vertex and then the two ange endponts. Ths s
qute usefu f the ange you need to dmenson s not dened by physca nes on the drawng. The
ustraton on the rght shows the resut of ths opton. The centre pont of crce 1 was pcked as the
ange vertex and the centre ponts of crces 2 and 3 were pcked for the two ange endponts. The
degree character s automatcay nserted for you, however, f you ever need to type t, you can do
so by typng "%%d".
Ths s another of AutoCADs speca characters.
@' ORDINATE DIMEN;IONING
Ordnate dmensons are not reay dmensons at a n that they do not ndcate a measurement.
Rather they annotate known co-ordnate ponts. The DIMORDINATE command s used to ndcate the
X and Y ordnate vaues at any pont.
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard DIMORDINATE
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: DIMORDINATE
Seect feature: (pck the pont to annotate)
Leader endpont (Xdatum/Ydatum/Mtext/Text): (pck endpont or use one of the optons)
In the ustraton above, the budng corner on the eft has been annotated wth X and Y ordnates
usng the defaut method. The one on the rght has a Y ordnate whch has been forced to dspay n
a vertca poston usng the Ydatum opton. You coud aso use the Text or Mtext optons to ceary
descrbe the pont you are annotatng.
Ed0t0n6 D0m,ns0ons
The dmenson edt commands, DIMEDIT and DIMTEDIT are used prmary to ad|ust the poston of
the text part of a dmenson. Ths s usuay ony necessary f the drawng s qute compex and the
dmenson woud read more ceary f t were n a dherent poston.
The Dmenson Text Edt Command
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard DIMTEDIT
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The Dmenson Text Edt command s used to modfy the text poston of any snge dmenson. The
command can be used to poston the text dynamcay (ths s the defaut)or one of the optons can
be used for a specc type of movement. For exampe, the dmenson shown on the rght has been
moded by dynamcay movng the poston of the text and then the text has been rotated usng
the Ange opton.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: DIMTEDIT
Seect dmenson: (pck the dmenson you want to edt)
Enter text ocaton (Left/Rght/Home/Ange): (pck a new poston or use an opton)
The resuts of the four avaabe optons are shown n the ustraton beow.
The L,Ft opton moves the text to a eft |usted poston wthn the dmenson.
The R063t opton moves the text to a rght |usted poston wthn the dmenson.
The Hom, opton returns the text to the home poston after t has been moded.
The An68, opton enabes the text to be rotated about ts center.
The Dmenson Edt Command
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard DIMEDIT
The Dmenson Edt command can be used to modfy and change the text of any number of
dmensons. The command coud, for exampe, be used to add a standard prex or sumx to a
number of dmensons.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: DIMEDIT
Dmenson Edt (Home/New/Rotate/Obque) <Home>: (choose an opton)
Seect ob|ects: (pck one or more dmensons)
Seect ob|ects: (pck more or end)
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The command sequence w vary dependng upon whch opton has been chosen but the resuts of
the varous optons are ustrated beow.
The Hom, opton returns dmensons to ther home poston.
The N,2 opton dspays the Mutne Text Edtor. The changes you make to the text w be apped
to a seected dmensons so t s mportant not to deete the "BP" marker from the text strng.
Deetng ths marker w remove the vaues from a seected dmensons.
The Rot7t, opton can be used to rotate dmenson text about ts center pont. It works n exacty
the same way as the Ange opton of the DIMTEDIT command except that you can rotate any
number of dmensons at once.
The O-80Ku, opton s used to set the dmenson nes at an ange. Ths opton can be very usefu
when you are dmensonng a drawng n isometric projection (see the ustraton on the rght). In
ths case the drawng has been dmensoned usng the Agned command and then the obque
ange moded to sut the dmenson poston. Ths usuay means settng an ange of 30, 330 or 90
degrees dependng upon the dmenson orentaton. If you are creatng detas n sometrc
pro|ecton make sure you are usng the sometrc snap/grd opton for greater emcency. For more
nformaton on drawng n sometrc pro|ecton and the use of the sometrc snap grd, see the
"Drawng Ads" tutora.
LAYERING
Layers are used to organze drawngs. Imagne a arge pro|ect for a hgh-rse tower. The desgners
woud create ayers for the eectrca, pumbng, andscape and more. It s necessary to contro the
drawng and turn some ayers oh and vew ony the ones you want. Ths s one reason why ayers
are needed. But f you were to use AutoCAD professonay, every drawng you deat wth woud
have ayers.
creatng a ayer for the dmensons, one for the nes (ob|ects that were drawn) and another for the
text. Start the LAYER command (LA). Ths w brng up the Layer Propertes Manager (shown
beow). We' cover the thngs that are used most often n ths esson.
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Lookng at the Daog Box, you w see a ot of nformaton. Notce the button besde M7=, Cu**,nt
on t. Beow t s the name of the current ayer you are drawng on. The man wndow gves you
nformaton about each partcuar ayer. At ths pont, you want to be concerned wth the 'Name',
'On' (ght bub) and 'Coor' (coored square) coumns as we as the 'New' button.
Now you have the daog box on your screen, cck the SN,2S button. Ths w create a new ayer
and gve you an opportunty to name t. Name ths ayer TEAT. Cck on the sma box towards the
rght and seect .,88o2 for the coor. Create another ayer and ca ths one DIM (for dmensons),
and make ts coor *,d. Fnay, create a thrd ayer and ca t O1JECT and make ts coor 6*,,n.
You have |ust created three new ayers n your drawng. Hghght the TEXT ayer and then press the
'Make Current' button. Ths makes the TEXT ayer current and anythng you draw w be paced on
that ayer. Your Daog box shoud ook ke the one above. If t does, press O% to cose the daog
box.
Mo*, 7-out L7.,*s
In the Layer Propertes Manager, you w notce that each ayer can have a number of specc
propertes.

Status: Dspays the current state of the ayer. In ths exampe, the green check means that
Ob|ects s the current ayer.
Name: The name of the ayer. Gve ayers understandabe names.
On: If a ayer s 'On' t means that t s vsbe (but ob|ects can st be erased when the
'Seect > A opton s used).
Freeze: A ayer s not vsbe and cannot be deeted.
Lock: Layer s vsbe, but cannot be moded.
Coor: A specc coor for everythng on that ayer.
Lnetype: A specc netype (hdden, center, etc) for the ayer.
Lneweght: The vsbe wdth of the ob|ects on that ayer.
Pot: A dened coor for the potter to use on that ayer.
Pot (yes, two coomns use the same name: Swtch on or oh f that ayer s potted.
Descrpton: A user-dened descrpton for the ayer.
;&MMARY OF FED COMMAND;
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R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page +&
Comm7nd %,.st*o=, I/on M,nu R,su8t
Rectange
RECTANGLE R
REC
Draw >
Rectange
Draws a rectange after you
enter one corner and then the
second.
Mut Lnes MLINE R ML No Icon
Draw >
Mutne
Draw parae nes based on the
parameters you dene.
Trm TRIM R TR Modfy > Trm
Trms ob|ects to a seected
cuttng edge.
Extend EATEND R EA
Modfy >
Extend
Extends ob|ects to a seected
boundary edge.
Ohset OFF;ET R O
Modfy >
Ohset
Ohsets an ob|ect (parae) by a
set dstance.
Ob|ect Snaps O;NA( R O; R F@
CLICK
Toos > Ob|ect
Snap Settngs
Brngs up the OSNAP daog
box.
Command %,.st*o=, Icon Menu Resut
Move Mo+, R M Modfy > Move Moves an ob|ect or ob|ects
Copy Co). R C( Modfy > Copy
Copes ob|ect(s) once or
mutpe tmes
Stretch ;t*,t/3 R ;
Modfy >
Stretch
Stretches an ob|ect after you
have seected a porton of t
Mrror M0**o* R MI
Modfy >
Mrror
Creates a mrror mage of an
ob|ect or seecton set
Move Mo+, R M Modfy > Move Moves an ob|ect or ob|ects
Copy Co). R C( Modfy > Copy
Copes ob|ect(s) once or
mutpe tmes
Stretch ;t*,t/3 R ;
Modfy >
Stretch
Stretches an ob|ect after you
have seected a porton of t
Mrror M0**o* R MI
Modfy >
Mrror
Creates a mrror mage of an
ob|ect or seecton set
Layer L7.,* R LA
Format >
Layer
Starts the Layer and Lnetype
property daog box
Text T,<t No Icon
Draw > Snge
Lne Text
Creates a snge ne of text
Dmenson D0m Many
Dmenson >
(pick one )
Dmensons prevousy drawn
ob|ects
Scae ;/78, R ;C Modfy > Scae
Proportonatey reszes (or
scaes) ob|ects
@ D COMMAND;
Athough AutoCAD has a number of commands for creatng speca 3D objects, a ot can be
acheved by changng the propertes of basc 2D ob|ects ke polylines. Most 2D ob|ects can be
gven a thickness usng the thickness opton n the (*o),*t0,s (DDCH(RO() command. Athough
ob|ects wth a thckness can be sad to be extruded, ths shoud not be confused wth the EATR&DE
command whch creates sod extrusons; gvng an ob|ect thckness produces a surface extruson.
A ob|ects can be gven an elevation by movng them n the Z drecton usng the MOVE command.
Wth a combnaton of the MOVE and (*o),*t0,s commands you can qucky create smpe 3D
drawngs.
@!D CAD TERMINOLOGY
2-D
A concept of dspayng rea-word ob|ects on a at surface showng
ony heght and wdth. Ths system uses ony the X and Y axes.
3-D
A way of dspayng rea-word ob|ect n a more natura way by addng
depth to the heght and wdth. Ths system uses the X Y and I axes.
Booean
operatons
Commands that aow you to add, subtract or ntersect sod ob|ects n
AutoCAD.
Compex surface Generay a curved surface. Exampes: car fender, andscape contour.
Eevaton
The dherence between an ob|ect beng at zero on the Z-axs and the
heght that t s above zero.
Extrude
The extrude command rases the shape of a 2D outne nto a 3D sod.
For exampe, a crce woud be extruded nto a cynder.
Face The smpest true 3-D surface.
Facet
A three or four sded poygon that represents a pece (or secton) of a
3-D surface.
Hdden ne
remova
A way of hdng nes that woud not be vsbe f you were vewng the
actua ob|ect you have drawn n AutoCAD. (Command: HIDE)
Isometrc
Drawng
A smpe way of achevng a '3-D' appearance usng 2-D drawng
methods.
Pan Vew
Aso known as the top vew, a pan vew ooks drecty down the WCS
Z-axs to the X-Y axs.
Prmtve
A basc sod budng bock. Exampes woud be boxes, cones,
cynders.
Regon A 2-D area consstng of nes, arcs, etc.
Renderng
A compex way of addng photo-reastc quates to a 3-D mode you
have created.
Shadng
A quck way of addng coor to a 3-D ob|ect you have drawn.
(Command: ;HADE)
Sod Mode
A 3-D mode creatng usng sod 'budng bocks'. Ths s the most
accurate way of representng rea-word ob|ects n CAD.
Surface Mode
A 3-D mode dened by surfaces. The surface conssts of poygons.
(See facets.)
Thckness A property of nes and other ob|ects that gves them a 3-D ke
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appearance.
UCS
The user co-ordnate system. Ths s dened by the person drawng to
have easer access to portons of a 3-D mode.
Vew A partcuar vew of the ob|ect you have created.
Vew port
A wndow nto your drawng showng a partcuar vew. You can have
severa vewports on your screen. Dherent from the vewports used n
pottng.
Wre-frame
Mode
A 3-D shape that s dened by nes and curves. A skeeta
representaton. Hdden ne remova s not possbe wth ths mode.
Z-Axs The thrd axs that denes the depth.
As computers and software get more sophstcated, workng n 3D becomes more popuar. You have
more power n desktop machne today, than was dreamed of when CAD rst appeared. Be prepared
that you w key need to earn 3D at some pont n your career. Once you are comfortabe workng
n 3D, you' nd that you w rarey want to draw n 2D agan. Autodesk (the makers of AutoCAD)
make other products desgned speccay for certan dscpnes - Archtectura Desktop, Map, 3D
Studo Max and more. Dependng upon your budget and needs, you may need to ook nto
programs ke these. The concepts taught n these essons w ad you when you work n any 3D
program.
1' DDV(OINT
You can use ths command to get an axonometrc vew of your
drawng.
Opton syntax
a) Toobar None
b) Keyboard DDV(OINT
There are a number of ways to get an axonometrc vew of your
AutoCAD drawng but the DDV(OINT command s probaby the
easest and quckest to use. It s, however, bured two ayers
deep n the pu-down menu so t's often qucker smpy to type t
at the keyboard, snce there s no toobar button. As you
probaby recognse from the command name t s a daogue box
drven command. The Vewpont Presets daogue box s
ustrated on the rght. As you can see, you dene a vew by
specfyng two anges. The rst ange s the rotaton from the X axs (the hori$ontal ange). The
second s the ange from the XY pane (the vertical ange). Usng the daogue box you can specfy
an ange ether by pckng on the two das or by enterng an ange nto each of the two ange edt
boxes. You can even ook at your drawng from underneath by specfyng a negatve vertca ange.
For most purposes a horzonta ange aong one of the dagonas, 45, 135, 225 and 315 and a
vertca ange of 30 gve the best resuts. You can return to a plan vew of your drawng by usng the
(LAN command.
To do ths, |ust enter "PLAN" at the command prompt and then to accept the "Current UCS"
defaut. You can aso return to any prevous vew by usng the Ioom (*,+0ous command opton, I
( at the keyboard or from the Standard toobar.
2. DDCH(RO(
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard DDCH(RO(
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You can use the DDCH(RO( command to change the coour, ayer, netype, netype scae and
thckness of any snge or mutpe ob|ect seecton. The DDMODIFY command gves a of these
change optons n addton to those whch are specc to the ob|ect type. DDMODIFY s aways
used by AutoCAD as a defaut for snge ob|ect
seectons when the (*o),*t0,s command s
seected from the toobar or from the pu-
down menu.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: DDCH(RO(
Seect ob|ects: (pck one or more ob|ects)
Seect ob|ects:
When you have seected the ob|ects, the
Change Propertes daogue box appears. To
change the thckness, smpy enter a vaue (n
drawng unts) n the Thckness edt box. When
you cck the "OK" button your ob|ects w be extruded by the amount speced.
The ustraton (rght) shows the resut of appyng a thckness to a crce. A crce wth no thckness
s shown on the eft and a crce wth thckness on the rght. Ehectvey a crce wth thckness
becomes a cynder. You can te by the orentaton of the UCS con n ths ustraton that ths s an
axonometrc vew (see "The DDVPOINT Command" above for detas).
Movng n the Z Drecton
By now you shoud be qute used to usng the Move command but up unt now you've ony been
movng 2D ob|ects n the XY Pane. Move can |ust as easy be used to move a drawng ob|ect
vertcay, perpendcuar to the XY Pane. You can do ths by usng XY and Z co-ordnates or by
pckng ponts n 3D space.
In the ustraton on the eft a crce has been moved from the base pane of a cube to the top face
of a cube. Ths s done by usng the MOVE command (Mod0F.RMo+, from the pu-down or from
the Modfy toobar). |ust start the MOVE command, seect the crce, pck one of the ower corners
of the cube as the base pont (use the end pont Osnap!) and then pck the correspondng top
corner as the second pont, agan usng the end pont Osnap. If you ook at the crce n pan there
appears to be no dherence n t's poston because t has not been moved n the XY pane but
perpendcuar to t. You can use the same prncpe to move any drawng entty. Bear n mnd that
you must aways use an Osnap when you are pckng ponts n 3D space. If you do not, the pcked
pont w aways be on the base pane, whch doesn't make any sense. One of the probems wth
ths s that you may not rease your mstake unt you change your vew poston because n the
current vew the ob|ects w appear to have been moved normay. It's a good dea to keep
swtchng your vew pont as a check.
In the above exampe the move was fary easy because we had a cube to use as a gude. Very
often you w need to move an ob|ect vertcay wthout any gude. In such a case you shoud use
co-ordnates. For exampe, f the cube n the ustraton above was 40 drawng unts hgh then I
coud move the crce usng the foowng command sequence.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: MOVE
Seect ob|ects: (seect the crce)
Seect ob|ects:
Base pont or dspacement: 0,0,0
Second pont of dspacement: 0,0,40
Notce that I use the UCS orgn pont as a base pont, that's because t's standard practce but n
prncpe t coud be any pont n space. The most mportant thng s that the X and Y co-ordnates
reman the same (because we do not want to move n the XY Pane) and the Z co-ordnate must
ncrease by the dstance you want to move up. Usng co-ordnate 25,43,16 as the base pont and
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page ++
25,43,56 as the second pont woud have resuted n exacty the same move. To move down you
|ust need to specfy a negatve Z co-ordnate. For exampe to move the crce down by 40 unts the
second pont co-ordnate woud be 0,0,-40.
@D F7/,
Opton syntax
a) Toobar
b) Keyboard 3DFACE
The 3D Face command s used to draw 3D surfaces wth 3 or 4
edges.

Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Command: @DFACE
Frst Pont: (pck pont)
Second Pont: (pck pont)
Thrd Pont: (pck pont)
Fourth Pont: (pck pont or Return for ony 3 edges)
Thrd Pont: (start another 3D Face or Return to end)
Why do I need a 3D Face?
The reason s that when you gve an entty ke a rectange a thckness t s gven sod sdes n the
drecton of the extruson but t s eft open ended ke a tube. To add a top and a bottom to a box
you must use 3D Faces. In the ustraton on the rght, two boxes have been shaded usng the
Shade command, ;HADE from the keyboard, V0,2R;37d,ROptions from the pu-down or from
the Render toobar. See SHADE for a descrpton of the ;37d, command optons. The box on the
rght s a rectange whch has been gven a thckness. As you can see, t does not have a top. A 3D
Face has been added to the top of the box on the eft whch gves the ehect of a sod surface when
shaded.
When you use the Shade command, don't forget to use the Regen command to get back to the wre
ne drawng. AutoCAD does not aow you to pck ponts on a shaded drawng.
For compcated shapes you may need to use a number of 3D Faces to a surface. Fortunatey,
extruded crces are automatcay gven a sod top and bottom so you don't need any 3D
Faces. If you do need to use a compex of faces to a surface there s a way to hde the |on
nes between faces. If you type "I" and before the rst pck pont of any edge, that edge
w be made nvsbe. If you are carefu you can easy a compcated surface wth many
3D Faces whch w smpy appear as a snge contnuous surface. If you need to create a very
compex surface t may be better to use the EATR&DE command whch creates sod
extrusons .e. they aready have top and bottom surfaces.
@D O-G,/ts'
In addton to the smpe 3D ob|ects you can create by gvng ob|ects thckness and addng 3D
Faces, AutoCAD provdes a number of ready made 3D ob|ects. These ob|ects can be chosen from
the 3D Ob|ects daogue box. As you can see from the ustraton of the daogue box beow, you
can create very smpe ob|ects ke a box and compex ones ke the torus.
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page +%
You must nvoke the 3D ob|ects daogue box from the pu-down menu
D*72R@D ;u*F7/,sR@D O-G,/tsM, there s no keyboard equvaent.
Aternatvey you can seect ndvdua 3D Ob|ect commands from the
Surfaces toobar. Each 3D Ob|ect requres dherent nput from the user but
the command ne s qute expct so you shoudn't have any probems.
One of the most usefu ob|ects s the Sphere. In the ustraton on the rght a
3D tree has been created usng a crce wth thckness as the trunk and a
sphere as the canopy. One thng to bear n mnd when creatng spheres s
that the centre of the sphere w be on the ground pane. Therefore, haf of
the sphere s beow ground eve and haf above. If you want the sphere to st
on the ground pane, a you have to do s move t up through a dstance
whch s the same as t's radus.
Another consderaton when creatng spheres and some of the other shapes s the number of
segments to use. It s very temptng to use a ot and create a smooth shape but ths does take ots
of drawng memory so go carefuy. The defaut vaue (16) s usuay adequate for most purposes.
Comm7nd ;,Ku,n/,
Invoke the daogue box from the pu-down (D*72R@D ;u*F7/,sR@D O-G,/tsM), pck the sphere
con and then the "OK" button or pck from the Surfaces toobar.
Center of sphere: (pck pont)
Dameter/<radus>: (pck pont or enter vaue)
Number of ongtudna segments<16>: (enter number or )
Number of attudna segments<16>: (enter number or )
Your Sphere s drawn.
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page +,
E<' No: 1 D7t,:

A0m: Draw a smpe drawng by usng Absoute co-ordnate system
;oFt27*, &s,d: Auto CAD
(*o/,du*,:
Command: 80m0ts
Reset Mode space mts:
Specfy ower eft corner or |ON/OFF| <0.0000, 0.0000>: 0, 0
Specfy upper rght corner <420.0000, 297.0000>: 10, 10
Command: Hoom
Specfy corner of wndow, enter a scae factor (nX or nXP), or
|A/Center/Dynamc/Extents/Prevous/Scae/Wndow/Ob|ect| <rea tme>: 788
Regeneratng mode.
Command: 80n,
Specfy rst pont: 0, 0
Specfy next pont or |Undo|: 7, 0
Specfy next pont or |Undo|: 7, 5
Specfy next pont or |Cose/Undo|: 0, 5
Specfy next pont or |Cose/Undo|: 0,0
Specfy next pont or |Cose/Undo|: *Cance*
Command: /0*/8,
Specfy center pont for crce or |3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radus)|: 3.5, 2.5
Specfy radus of crce or |Dameter|: d
Specfy dameter of crce: 4.5
Command: /0*/8,
Specfy center pont for crce or |3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radus)|: 1, 1
Specfy radus of crce or |Dameter| <2.2500>: d
Specfy dameter of crce <4.5000>: 1
Command: /0*/8,
Command: /0*/8,
Command: /0*/8,
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page +-
Command: d0m80n,7*
Specfy rst extenson ne orgn or <seect ob|ect>: 0, 5
Specfy second extenson ne orgn: 1,4
Specfy dmenson ne ocaton or |Mtext/Text/Ange/Horzonta/Vertca/Rotated|:
Dmenson text = 1
Command: d0m80n,7*
Specfy second extenson ne orgn: 3.5, 2.5
Dmenson text = 2.5
Command: d0m80n,7*
Specfy rst extenson ne orgn or <seect ob|ect>: 3.5, 2.5
Specfy second extenson ne orgn: 6, 4
Dmenson text = 2.5
Command: d0m80n,7*
Dmenson text = 7
Command: d0m80n,7*
Dmenson text = 1
Command: d0m80n,7*
Specfy second extenson ne orgn: 3.5, 2.5
Dmenson text = 1.5
Command: d0m80n,7*
Specfy rst extenson ne orgn or <seect ob|ect>: 3.5, 2.5
Dmenson text = 1.5
Command: d0m80n,7*
Dmenson text = 5
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page +'
Command: d0m
Dm: s/78,
Enter new vaue for dmenson varabe <1.0000>: .1
Dm: u)d7t,
Seect ob|ects: 788
10 found
Dm: *Cance*
R,su8t:
Comm7nds us,d:
;06n7tu*, oF F7/u8t.
E<' No: ? D7t,:

AIM: Compete the gven drawng usng reatve rectanguar co-ordnate method
;OFTDARE &;ED: Auto CAD
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page +.
(ROCED&RE:
Command: 80m0ts
Specfy ower eft corner or |ON/OFF| <0.0000, 0.0000>: 0,0
Command: Hoom
Regeneratng mode.
Command: 80n,
Specfy rst pont: user dened, pck a pont on upper eft corner
Specfy next pont or |Undo|: @6.5, 0
Specfy next pont or |Undo|: @0,-1
Specfy next pont or |Cose/Undo|: @-1.75,-3
Specfy next pont or |Cose/Undo|: @-1, 0
Specfy next pont or |Cose/Undo|: @0, 2
Specfy next pont or |Cose/Undo|: @1.25, 0
Specfy next pont or |Cose/Undo|: @-3.5, 0
Specfy next pont or |Cose/Undo|: @0,-1
Specfy next pont or |Cose/Undo|: @1.25, 0
Specfy next pont or |Cose/Undo|: @0,-2
Specfy next pont or |Cose/Undo|: @-1, 0
Specfy next pont or |Cose/Undo|: @-1.75, 3
Specfy next pont or |Cose/Undo|: *Cance*
Command: d0m80n,7*
Specfy rst extenson ne orgn or <seect ob|ect>:
Specfy second extenson ne orgn:
Dmenson text = 6.5
Command: d0m
Dm: scae
Enter new vaue for dmenson varabe <1.0000>: .1
Dm: u)d7t,
Seect ob|ects:
Dm: *cance*
Command: d0m80n,7*
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page %(
Dmenson text = 1.5
Command: d0m80n,7*
Dmenson text = 3.5
Command: d0m80n,7*
Dmenson text = 4
Command: d0m80n,7*
Dmenson text = 1
Command: d0m80n,7*
Dmenson text = 1
Command: d0m80n,7*
Dmenson text = 1.75
Command: d0m80n,7*
Dmenson text = 2.75
Command: d0m80n,7*
Dmenson text = 4.75
Command: d0m80n,7*
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page %&
Dmenson text = 1
RE;&LT:
Comm7nds us,d:
E<' No: @ D7t,:
A0m: To draw sometrc vew for the gven dagram.
;oFt27*, &s,d: Auto CAD
(*o/,du*,:
Command: 80m0ts
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page %)
Specfy upper rght corner <12.0000, 9.0000>: 300,300
Command: Hoom
|A/Center/Dynamc/Extents/Prevous/Scae/Wndow/Ob|ect| <rea tme>: a
Regeneratng mode.
Command: 80n,
Specfy next pont or |Undo| : <Poar on> <Ortho on> <Isopane Top> 60
Specfy next pont or |Undo| : <Isopane Rght> 20
Specfy next pont or |Cose/Undo|: 60
Specfy next pont or |Cose/Undo| : <Isopane Left> 80
Specfy next pont or |Cose/Undo|: enter
Command: 80n,
LINE Specfy rst pont:
Specfy next pont or |Undo| : <Isopane Top> 60
Specfy next pont or |Undo| : <Isopane Rght> <Isopane Left> 80
Command: 80n,
Specfy rst pont:
Specfy next pont or |Undo| : <Isopane Top> <Isopane Rght> <Isopane Left> 30
Specfy next pont or |Undo| : <Isopane Top> <Isopane Rght> 60
Specfy next pont or |Cose/Undo| : <Isopane Left> 20
Specfy next pont or |Cose/Undo| : <Isopane Top> 60
Command: 80n,
Specfy rst pont: specfy the top of the two corner edges
Specfy next pont or |Undo|: enter
Command: 80n,
Specfy rst pont:
Specfy next pont or |Undo|: 30
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page %*
Command: ,880)s,
Specfy axs endpont of epse or |Arc/Center/Isocrce|: socrce
Specfy center of socrce:
Specfy radus of socrce or |Dameter|: 30 Enter
Command: ,880)s,
Specfy radus of socrce or |Dameter|: 12.5 Enter
Command: 80n,
Specfy rst pont:
Command: E880)s,
Specfy radus of socrce or |Dameter| : <Isopane Rght> 12.5 Enter
Command: 80n,
Specfy rst pont:
Specfy next pont or |Undo| : <Isopane Left> 20
Command: 80n,
Specfy rst pont:
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page %+
R,su8t:
Comm7nds us,d:
E<' No':C D7t,:
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page %%
AIM: Draw the front eevaton, pan, and the end eevatons of the ob|ect shown beow. Show a
hdden surfaces. Aso add dmensons and text.
;OFTDARE &;ED: AutoCAD
(ROCED&RE:
FRONT ELEVATION
Before you begn to draw, turn the grd, snap and ortho on. Set the grd and snap spacng s 10, 10
respectvey.
Command: 80m0ts
Specfy ower eft corner or |ON/OFF| <0.0000,0.0000>: 0,0
Specfy upper rght corner <100.0000,100.0000>: 200,200
Command: Hoom
Regeneratng mode.
Command: 80n,
Specfy rst pont: any pont on the screen
Specfy next pont or |Undo|: 20 (move the cursor towards eft)
Specfy next pont or |Undo|: 20 (move the cursor upward)
Specfy next pont or |Undo/Cose|: 20 (move the cursor towards rght)
Specfy next pont or |Undo/Cose|: 20 (move the cursor downwards)
Specfy next pont or |Undo/Cose|: 20 (move the cursor upwards)
Specfy next pont or |Undo/cose|: 40 (move the cursor towards eft)
Specfy next pont or |Undo/Cose|: *cance* (press ESC to ext)
Command: 80n,
Specfy rst pont: P3 (pont on the rght hand top corner)
Specfy next pont or |Undo|: 20 (move the cursor upwards)
Specfy next pont or |Undo/Cose|: 20 (move the cursor upwards)
Specfy next pont or |Undo/Cose|: 20 (move the cursor towards eft)
Specfy next pont or |Undo/Cose|: Pck pont P4 (To get ncned ne turn ORTHO oh)
Specfy next pont or |Undo/Cose|: 20 (move the cursor downwards dont forget ORTHO on before
you begn to draw ths ne)
Specfy next pont or |Undo/Cose|: *cance*
PLAN
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page %,
Command: 80n,
Specfy start pont: P5 (Pont at 40mm above the rght hand top corner of FRONT ELEVATION)
Specfy next pont or |Undo/Cose|: 60 (move the cursor downwards)
Specfy next pont or |Undo/Cose|: c (cose the gure)
Command: 80n,
Specfy start pont or |Undo|: P6 (Pont 20mm 2dots to the rght of top eft hand corner)
Specfy next pont or |Undo|: 20 (move the cursor downwards)
Command: 80n,
Specfy start pont or |Undo|: P7 (Pont 20mm 2dots to the eft of top rght corner)
Command: 80n,
Specfy start pont or |Undo|: P8
RIGHT HAND ELEVATION
Command: 80n,
Specfy start pont or |Undo|: P9 (Pont 20mm 2dots to the rght of the front eevaton)
Command: 80n,
Specfy start pont or |Undo|: P10 (Pont 40mm 4dots from the bottom rght hand corner of vew
drawn)
Command: 80n,
Specfy start pont or |Undo|: P11 (Pont 20mm 2dots to the rght of bottom eft hand corner of vew
drawn)
LEFT HAND ELEVATION
Command: 80n,
Specfy start pont or |Undo|: P12 (Pont 20mm 2dots to the eft of the front eevaton)
Specfy next pont or |Undo/Cose|: 20 (move the cursor towards eftt)
Command: 80n,
Specfy start pont or |Undo|: P13 (Pont 40mm 4dots from the bottom eft hand corner of vew
drawn)
Specfy next pont or |Undo|: 20 (move the cursor towards rght)
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page %-
Command: 80n,
Specfy start pont or |Undo|: P14 (Pont 20mm 2dots to the eft of bottom eft hand corner of vew
drawn)
RE;&LT:

Comm7nds us,d:
E<' No' : 5 D7t,:
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page %'
AIM: Compete the gven drawng wth sutabe commands and specfy the dmensons.
(ROCED&RE:
Draw two nes wth approxmate ength (one s horzonta another one s vertca). Ohset the
horzonta ne wth speced dstance. Draw crces at the ntersecton ponts wth gven dmensons
then use trm command to cut unnecessary portons. Specfy the dmensons.
Command: 80m0ts
Command: Hoom
Regeneratng mode.
Command: 80n,
Specfy rst pont: user dened
Specfy next pont or |Undo| : <Ortho on> user dened
Specfy next pont or |Undo|:*cance*
Command: 80n,
Specfy next pont or |Undo|: user dened
Specfy next pont or |Undo|:*cance*
Command: /0*/8,
Specfy center pont for crce or |3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radus)|: <Osnap on>
Specfy radus of crce or |Dameter|: _d Specfy dameter of crce: 2
Command: /0*/8,
Specfy center pont for crce or |3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radus)|: at ntersecton
Specfy dameter of crce <2.0000>: 2.75
Command: oQs,t
Current settngs: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0
Specfy ohset dstance or |Through/Erase/Layer| <Through>: 2
Seect ob|ect to ohset or |Ext/Undo| <Ext>:
Specfy pont on sde to ohset or |Ext/Mutpe/Undo| <Ext>:
Specfy pont on sde to ohset or |Ext/Mutpe/Undo| <Ext>:
Command: /0*/8,
Specfy center pont for crce or |3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radus)|:
Specfy radus of crce or |Dameter| <1.3750>: .88
Command: /0*/8,
Specfy radus of crce or |Dameter| <0.8800>:
Command: /0*/8,
Specfy dameter of crce <1.7600>: .75
Command: /0*/8,
Specfy dameter of crce<0.7500>: .75
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page %.
Command: 80n,
Specfy rst pont: _tan to
Specfy next pont or |Undo|: _tan to
Specfy next pont or |Undo|:
Command: t*0m
Current settngs: Pro|ecton=UCS, Edge=Extend
Seect cuttng edges...
Seect ob|ects: 1 found, 4 tota
Seect ob|ects: press enter
Seect ob|ect to trm or shft-seect to extend or |Fence/Crossng/Pro|ect/Edge/eRase/Undo|:
RE;&LT:

Comm7nds us,d:
E<'No:J D7t,:
A0m: To draw a tte bock wth necessary text and pro|ecton symbo on A3 sze sheet of 420 X 297
mm usng AutoCAD.
;oFt27*, &s,d: AutoCAD
(*o/,du*,:
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page ,(
Command: 80m0ts
Specfy ower eft corner or |ON/OFF| <0.0000,0.0000>:
Command: Hoom
Regeneratng mode.
Command: 80n,
Command: 80n,
Command: Hoom
|A/Center/Dynamc/Extents/Prevous/Scae/Wndow/Ob|ect| <rea tme>: wndow
Specfy rst corner: 230,10
Specfy opposte corner: 420,90
Command: 80n,
Command: 80n,
Command: 80n,
Command: 80n,
Command: /0*/8,
Specfy center pont for crce or |3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radus)|: 270,35
Specfy radus of crce or |Dameter|: 8
Command: /0*/8,
Specfy center pont for crce or |3P/2P/Ttr (tan tan radus)|: 270,35
Specfy radus of crce or |Dameter| <8.0000>: 6
Command: 80n,
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page ,&
Command: mt,<t
Current text stye: "Standard" Text heght: 0.2000
Specfy opposte corner or |Heght/|ustfy/Lne spacng/Rotaton/Stye/Wdth|: 275,85
Enter the text of "DATE" and then press OK.
Command: MTEAT
Enter the text of "REG.NO" and then press OK
Command: MTEAT
Specfy rst corner: 285, 75
Enter the text of "NAME OF THE DRAFTMANS" and then press OK
Command: MTEAT
Enter the text of "NAME OF THE COLLEGE" and then press OK
Command: MTEAT
Enter the text of "TITLE OF THE DRAWINGS" and then press OK
Command: mt,<t
Enter the text of "ALL DIMENSIONS ARE IN mm" and then press OK
Command: IOOM
|A/Center/Dynamc/Extents/Prevous/Scae/Wndow/Ob|ect| <rea tme>: ALL
R,su8t:
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page ,)
Comm7nds us,d:
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page ,*
E<'No:L D7t,:
AIM: Usng revove command compete the gven drawng.
(ROCED&RE:
Command: vew
Enter an opton |?/Deete/Orthographc/Restore/Save/sEttngs/Wndow|: front Regeneratng mode.
Command: mts
Command: zoom
Regeneratng mode.
Command: ne
Specfy next pont or |Undo| : <Ortho on> 50 move towards rght
Specfy next pont or |Undo|: 80 move upwards
Specfy next pont or |Cose/Undo|: c
Command: ohset
Current settngs: Erase source=No Layer=Source OFFSETGAPTYPE=0
Specfy ohset dstance or |Through/Erase/Layer| <Through>: 19
Seect ob|ect to ohset or |Ext/Undo| <Ext>: seect 50mm ength ne
Specfy pont on sde to ohset or |Ext/Mutpe/Undo| <Ext>: seect bottom sde
Command: regon
Seect ob|ects: Specfy opposte corner: 16 found
Seect ob|ects: seect the cosed oop
1 oop extracted.
1 Regon created.
Command: vew
Enter an opton |?/Deete/Orthographc/Restore/Save/sEttngs/Wndow|: swso Regeneratng mode.
Command: revove
Current wre frame densty: ISOLINES=4
Seect ob|ects to revove: 1 found
Seect ob|ects to revove: seect the converted regon
Specfy axs start pont or dene axs by |Ob|ect/X/Y/Z| <Ob|ect>: o
Seect an ob|ect: seect the ohset ne
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page ,+
Specfy ange of revouton or |STart ange| <360>: 360Command: vscurrentEnter an opton
|2dwreframe/3dwreframe/3dHdden/Reastc/Conceptua/Other|<2dwreframe>: R
RE;&LT:
Comm7nds us,d:
E<' No':" D7t,:
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page ,%
AIM: Usng extrude and other sutabe commands create the moda from gven vews.
(ROCED&RE:
Command: 80m0ts
Command: Hoom
Command: *,/t7n6
Specfy rst corner pont or |Chamfer/Eevaton/Fet/Thckness/Wdth|:
Specfy other corner pont or |Area/Dmensons/Rotaton|: @7.75, 3.25
Command: +0,2
Enter an opton |?/Deete/Orthographc/Restore/Save/sEttngs/Wndow|: s20so Regeneratng mode.
Command: ,<t*ud,
Seect ob|ects to extrude: 1 found
Seect ob|ects to extrude:
Specfy heght of extruson or |Drecton/Path/Taper ange|: .75
Command: +0,2
Enter an opton |?/Deete/Orthographc/Restore/Save/sEttngs/Wndow|: F*ont
Command: *,/t7n6
Specfy rst corner pont or |Chamfer/Eevaton/Fet/Thckness/Wdth|: user dened
Specfy other corner pont or |Area/Dmensons/Rotaton|: @3.5,1.625
Command: +0,2
Enter an opton |?/Deete/Orthographc/Restore/Save/sEttngs/Wndow|: s20so
Command: u/s
Current ucs name: *FRONT*
Specfy orgn of UCS or |Face/NAmed/OB|ect/Prevous/Vew/Word/X/Y/Z/ZAxs|
<Word>: 2
Command: ,<t*ud,
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page ,,
Seect ob|ects to extrude: 1 found
Specfy heght of extruson or |Drecton/Path/Taper ange| <2.5000>: 2.5
Command: mo+,
Seect ob|ects: 1 found
Specfy base pont or |Dspacement| <Dspacement>: Specfy second pont or
<use rst pont as dspacement>:
Command: /.80nd,*
Specfy center pont of base or |3P/2P/Ttr/Eptca|:
Specfy base radus or |Dameter| <1.2500>: 1.25
Specfy heght or |2Pont/Axs endpont| <2.5000>: A
Specfy axs endpont: 2.5
Command: su-t*7/t
Seect sods, surfaces, and regons to subtract from ..
Seect ob|ects: Seect sods, surfaces, and regons to subtract ..
Command: un0on
Seect ob|ects: Specfy opposte corner: 2 found
Command: /.80nd,*
Specfy center pont of base or |3P/2P/Ttr/Eptca|:
Specfy base radus or |Dameter| <1.2500>: D
Specfy dameter <2.5000>: .625
Specfy heght or |2Pont/Axs endpont| <2.5000>: .75
Command: mo+,
Seect ob|ects:
Specfy base pont or |Dspacement| <Dspacement>: Specfy second pont or
<use rst pont as dspacement>:
Command: mo+,
Specfy base pont or |Dspacement| <Dspacement>:
Checkng 666 ntersectons... Specfy second pont or <use rst pont as
dspacement>: 1.5
Command: /o).
Current settngs: Copy mode = Mutpe
Specfy base pont or |Dspacement/mOde| <Dspacement>: Specfy second pont
or <use rst pont as dspacement>: 1.5
Specfy second pont or |Ext/Undo| <Ext>:
Command: subtract Seect sods, surfaces, and regons to subtract from...
Seect ob|ects: Seect sods, surfaces, and regons to subtract...
Seect ob|ects: 1 found, 2 tota
Seect ob|ects: press enter
Command: E88,t
Seect rst ob|ect or |Undo/Poyne/Radus/Trm/Mutpe|:
Enter et radus <0.2500>: .25
Seect an edge or |Chan/Radus|: c
Seect an edge chan or |Edge/Radus|:
3 edge(s) seected for et.
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page ,-
RE;&LT:
Comm7nds us,d:
EXAMPLE EXCERSIZES
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page ,'
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page ,.
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page -(
R.G.M College of Engineering & Technology (Autonomou! "" #andyal $ %&' %(& Page -&

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