slide 1:

need for virtual machine:

1) heterogeneous information systems and the accelerated rate of technological

changes.

2) return on investment,Porting a software package from one platform to another is

costly and, depending on the number of platforms supported.

3)aging system eg. if a software runs on windows 98 but nobody uses windows 98 any
more.. then virtual machine comes in picture.

slide 2:
oBJECTIVES

Potability is the most important feature because being able to work with a uniform
software interface, across multiple platforms, is the primary benefit of using a
virtual machine. If you can't port a virtual machine, then you're stuck with a
given platform.

Simplicity of code. simplicity over performance. a year from nw id i want to

modify my code then simplcity will b a important factor. as i will knw wat the
code is and wer i have to modify it.. for e.g progmmers use bitwise shifting to
increase the performance then simply dividing by two..

slide 3:
Virtual machine.
1) A run-time system is an environment in which computer programs execute. it does
everything for a prog.

e.g run time systems are responsible 4 allocating memory,loading the application
into the memory,and execution of instructions of prog system calls etc.

prog written in machine level directly deal with the hardware but the os decides
how, when, and where things happen.

thus we can conclude tht a os is a set of rules tht the CPU i.e hardware has to
obey

2)now the prog whose instr are nt written in machine level lang require a run-time
system that consists entirely of software.

In such a case, the program's instructions are executed by a virtual machine

A virtual machine is a software program that acts like a computer.

It fetches and executes instructions just like a normal processor.

The difference is that the processing of those instructions happens at the

software level instead of the hardware level.

A virtual machine also usually contains facilities to manage the path of execution
and to offer an interface to services normally provided by the native operating
system.

3)A virtual machine is defined by a specification.

A virtual machine is not a particular software implementation, but rather a set of
rules.

engineer, who builds the virtual machine, must honor.

A virtual machine can be implemented in any programming language on any hardware
platform, as long as it obeys the specification.

4) definition: the original founder of virtual machine Popek and Goldberg "an
efficient, isolated duplicate of a real machine" by Popek and Goldberg

SLIDE 4
tYPES

1)Virtual machines are separated into two major categories, based on their use and
degree of correspondence to any real machine.

system virtual machine:

provides a complete system platform which supports the execution of a complete
operating system (OS).

process virtual machine:

is designed to run a single program, which means that it supports a single
process.

slide 5:
system virtual machine:

1) also knw as hardware virtual machines.

allow the sharing of the underlying physical machine resources between different
virtual machines, each running its own operating system.

2)The software layer providing the virtualization is called a virtual machine

monitor or hypervisor. A hypervisor can run on bare hardware or on top of an
operating system.

3)VMs each running their own operating system are called guest operating system

are frequently used in server Management , where different services that used to
run on individual machines in order to avoid interference are instead run in
separate VMs on the same physical machine. This use is frequently called quality-
of-service isolation (QoS isolation).

SLIDE 6:
1) multiple OS environments can co-exist on the same computer, in strong isolation
from each other

2) the virtual machine can provide an instruction set architecture (ISA) that is
somewhat different from that of the real machine

The guest OSes do not have to be all the same

E.G.
Microsoft Windows and Linux, or older versions of an OS in order to support
software that has not yet been ported to the latest version
a typical USE is to support a real-time operating system at the same time as a
high-level OS such as Linux or Windows.

SLIDE 7:

COLINUX AN OPENSOURCE LINUX IN WINDOWS.

# Microsoft Virtual PC and Microsoft Virtual Server PROVIDE BY MICROSOFT.

slide 8:

Process virtual machines:

1) also knw as application virtual machine

2)runs as a normal application inside an OS

supports a single process
It is created when that process is started and destroyed when it exits

3) main purpose is:

Its purpose is to provide a platform-independent programming environment
that pays no attention to the hardware or operating system, and allows a program
to execute in the same way on any platform.

4) IMPLEMENTED: by using interpreter and its perfomance is increased by a just in

time complilation.

Slide 9:

java virtual Machine

Common lang runtime.

slide 10:
VMware Architecture

slide 11:
working of a vm
c the pict and exp..
all th vm work in comp isolation from each other.. the app is given the impresion
tht it is working on the same platfrom as a normal process the user doesn nt come
out to knw any diff exits in the platform or the execution.

slide 12:
Vm ware workstation

1) VMware Workstation is a virtual machine software suite for x86 and x86-64
computers from VMware

This software suite allows users to set up multiple x86 and x86-64 virtual
computers and to use one or more of these virtual machines simultaneously with the
hosting operating system. Each virtual machine instance can execute its own guest
operating system, such as Windows, Linux, BSD variants, or others. In simple
terms, VMware Workstation allows one physical machine to run multiple operating
systems simultaneously.

2) VMware Workstation also provides the ability to simulate some hardware.

For example, it can mount an ISO file as a CD-ROM, and .vmdk files (an image file
for the os to work on VMWARE)as hard disks

and can configure its network adapter driver to use network address translation
(NAT) through the host machine rather than establishing connection through it
(which would require an IP address for each guest machine on the host network).

3) limitations:

VMware Workstation cannot use more than 2 CPUs (or cores) per virtual machine.
This means that a single virtual machine cannot use the full power of the
underlying hardware on machines with the total number of cores greater than 2
(Quad Core 2, or 2 x Core 2)

slide:
Virtual appliance

1)A virtual appliance is a virtual machine image designed to run under some sort
of virtualization technology (like VMware Workstation, Citrix XenServer,
VirtualBox or many others).

2)virtual appliances are aimed to eliminate the installation, configuration and

maintenance costs associated with running complex stacks of software.

3)A key concept that differentiates a virtual appliance from a virtual machine is
that a virtual appliance is a fully pre-installed and pre-configured application
and operating system environment whereas a virtual machine is, by itself, without
application software.

4)Typically a virtual appliance will have a web interface to configure the inner
workings of the appliance. A virtual appliance is usually built to host a single
application, and so represents a new way of deploying network applications.

5)As an example, the MediaWiki software that powers Wikipedia is available as a

virtual appliance.[1]. This appliance contains all the necessary software,
including operating system, database and MediaWiki, to run a wiki installation as
a "black box".

SLIDE:
fUTUre of vm??
1) used in 1970s but nobody paid attetion 1980s near extiction.
has come back in a strong away..

loking at the market and sucess of VMwares products and the recent hardware suport
of intel by intel vanderpool tecknology AND extensions to IBM�s Power
architecture

indicate that it is a technology just now beginning to be fully realized and that
it is here to stay.

2)Computing trends indicate that the data center of the future will likely include
a hardware-level virtualization layer and a control system. Services will run in
virtual machines and will be mapped onto available hardware resources. Not only
will this greatly ease the management of data centers, it will also ease the
handling of new hardware, as well as failed hardware. The failure of a single
physical box will reduce the pool of available resources, not the availability of
a particular service.
Similarly, virtual machine technology will be used to allow aggressive innovation
in the area of system software, providing the ability to maintain backward
compatibility. Virtual machines will allow for the support of old applications, as
well as the current versions, and will test the deployment of new versions that
are all based on the same hardware.

slide:
conclusion
Operating-systems research and development.

Platform independent solutions

As time goes will be bigger and powerful tool

slide:
finish
======================================
A virtual-machine system is a perfect vehicle for operating-systems research and
development.

Hardware virtual machine software also makes it possible for users to boot and
restart their machines quickly, since tasks such as hardware initialization are
not necessary.