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Science and Health

Grade V

Respiratory System












Learning Guide


BUREAU OF ELEMENTARY EDUCATION
CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT DIVISION
DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION, CULTURE AND SPORTS
Meralco Avenue, Pasig City
2000
Learning Guide: Science and Health
Government Property Not for Sale
First Printing 2001

Copyright Notice. Section 9 of Presidential Decree No. 49 provides: No copyright shall subsist
in any work of the Government of the Republic of the Philippines. However, prior approval of the
government agency or office wherein the work is created shall be necessary fro exploitation of such
work for profit.
The Learning Guides for Science and Health were developed by the Curriculum Development
Division of the Bureau of Elementary Education. These materials were purposely prepared to
supplement and complement learning made through the basic texts. Each learning guide constitutes the
total learning process and may therefore be used not only to reinforce or enrich learning. These learning
guides are recommended for use in the elementary schools in the country.







Bureau of Elementary Education
Office Address: 2
nd
Floor, Bonifacio Bldg.
DECS Complex, Meralco Avenue
Pasig City
Telephone Number: 632-13-61 loc. 2055/2174/2175
Fax No.: 633-72-70










Management Staff. Dr. Lidinila M. Luis-Santos, Director IV, Dr. Teresita G. Inciong, Director III; Dr.
Merlita A. Nolido, Chief, CDD; Ms. Corazon L. Galang, former Chief, CDD.
Writing Committee. Elizabeth J. Escao, Project Coordinator, Buenaventurada Lozada, Carol Cruz,
Rosine C. Rivera, Josefina V. Lacuna, Cresenciana T. Bunagan, Teresita E. Quinto, Nerisa M. Marquez,
Ferdinand T. Batoon, Members; Leila B__sas, Arabella Ramos, Supervisors, Division of Cavite City; Eva
Sagpao, Supervisor, Division of Cvite; remedies G. Pardo, Herminia G. Valenzuela, Rowena B. Dino, Glenda P.
Monterozo, Myrna D. latoza, Ferdinand S. Bergado, Wilson T. Sy, Julius Peter Samulde, Romeo A.
Granadozin, Support Staff, Eric S. de Guia, Fermin M. Fabella, Illustrators.


















On Your Own
Copy the table below in your notebook.
Classify the following body parts
Write them in the proper column.

1. stomach 6. ovary
2. skull 7. fallopian tube
3. uterus 8. esophagus
4. large intestine 9. ribs
5. vertebral column 10. pancreas












Share your work with the class.









Preparatory Activities
REVIEW
Skeletal System Digestive System Reproductive System

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:
Identify the respiratory system and its major parts
Describe how the parts of the respiratory system work
Trace the path of the air inside your body




On Your Own
Do these:
Study the parts of the respiratory system.
Point to each part as you go through each activity.

















Developmental Activities


EXPLORE



Activity 1
Do you want to know about your respiratory system?
Then

Get a hand mirror.

Look at the inside part of your nose.
Do you see the two small openings?
These are the nostrils, where the air gets in and out of your body.

Look at the inside parts of your nose again. Can you see tiny hairs?
These are called cilia. Also inside your nose is a sticky substance called mucus.
The cilia filter the dust and the germs from the air. The mucus moistens and filters
more of the dirt and dust from the air we breathe. The air is cleaned, warmed and
moistened before it enters the lungs.
Activity 2
Look at the picture on page 2. Find the pharynx.

From the pharynx, trace where the clean warm air passes through down
to the trachea.

The pharynx is like a meeting center where tubes meet. Two of the tubes
come from the nose and the mouth. These tubes enable you to breathe
not only through your nose but also through your mouth.

Between the pharynx and trachea is another part of the respiratory
system called larynx. Point where the larynx is.
With a Partner
Find this out by doing this.
Breathe deeply and slowly through your nose. Do you feel the air
as it goes down to your pharynx and down through the lungs?
Breathe deeply and slowly through your mouth. Do you feel the
same?
Share your findings with your partner.












Activity 3
Go further on the other parts. Find the trachea. This is a long tube where air
passes through.

Do you notice the rings of cartilage that support it? These rings of cartilage keep
the trachea from collapsing when you breathe in (inhale) and breathe out
(exhale).

Press lightly the area just below your voice box or Adams Apple. You feel your
trachea.

Look at the lower part of the trachea. It branches into two big tubes called
bronchial tubes. Each tube leads to the lungs, the left and the right lungs. Find
them in the picture.

























INTERIOR OF THE RIGHT LUNG LEFT LUNG
SHOWING THE BRANCHING OF
THE BRONCHIAL TUBES

What do you want to know about the lungs?
The lungs are the lightest organs of the body. They are large and pinkish in color.
They have spongy tissues.
Air enters nostrils. Then it goes into a tube called trachea or windpipe. The
trachea branches into two tubes called bronchial tubes. The tubes lead to the lungs. Find
this in the picture.
The bronchial tubes are subdivided into smaller pipes. Look at the pipes. Do they look
like branches of a tree?




















Look at the tip of the tiny tubes. They are filled with air called air sacs. Cluster of
air sacs are called alveoli. Find this in the picture. These air sacs are surrounded by tiny
blood tubes known as capillaries. Here, oxygen passes through the walls of the capillaries
where it combines with the red cells. Carbon dioxide leaves your body through the tube
where the oxygen enters.


Below the lungs is a curved muscle called the diaphragm. The diaphragm
separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity. Locate the diaphragm on page 6.
Are you already familiar with the parts of the respiratory system? Make a
summary of what you just learned. Copy this on a sheet of paper. Supply the information being
asked.








With the Group
Form 3 groups.
Discuss your answer with the group.

With a Partner
Do this exercise with a partner.
Face your partner. Take a deep breath and exhale slowly.
Observe the chest of your partner as he/she breathes in and out.
Is there movement?

Touch your lower rib as you inhale.
Does it move upward?
Touch again your lower rib as you exhale.
Does it move downward?

Compare your observations.
Respiratory System
Parts What is its work? Describe the part
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.


























How We Breathe
Air with oxygen enters your nose where it is warmed and cleaned by the mucus and
cilia. The clean air passes through the pharynx to the windpipe or trachea down to the bronchial
tubes.
As the air enters your lungs, it travels through the tiny tubes until it reaches the air sacs
where the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood takes place.
When you inhale, the diaphragm goes down and the ribs go upward. The chest
cavity becomes larger and fresh air (oxygen) reaches into the lungs.














INHALING EXHALING
When you exhale, the diaphragm goes up and the ribs go down. The chest cavity
becomes smaller; this forces air (carbon dioxide) out of the lungs. Carbon dioxide goes
out the same path through which the oxygen enters.
READ
DISCUSS

With the Group
1. What system takes good care of our breathing process?

2. Based on the structure of this system which of the parts performs the
following functions?
__________ . allows air to get in and out of the body
____________. filters the air with dust and other foreign particles entering the nose

___________ . moistens the air before it flows into the lungs.

___________ . passage of air from the pharynx to the lungs

___________ . passage of air leading to the left and right lungs

3. Why is the breathing process very important?










WHAT I LEARNED

I learned that:
The main task of the respiratory system is gathering oxygen into the
body.
The organs of the respiratory system are the nose, pharynx, larynx,
trachea, bronchial tubes and the lungs.
Pharynx-where the clean warm air passes through down to a long tube
called trachea or wind pipe
Bronchial tubes-two pipes leading to the left and right lungs
Lungs-lightest organ of the body.





Using a simple diagram, trace the path of air that goes in and out of the body.


1. What is the function of the respiratory system?
a.) To supply the blood with carbon dioxide
b.) To protect the body from diseases
c.) To make the lungs healthy
d.) To help in breathing
2. Exchange of gases takes place in the ________________.
a.) trachea c.) air sacs
b.) pharynx d.) bronchial tubes
3. They are tiny hairs that filter the air that enters the body.
a.) Throat c.) Air sacs
b.) Cilia d.) Mucus membrane
4. What happens to the diaphragm when you exhale?
a.) It contracts c.) It swings
b.) It expands d.) It moves up and down
5. How would the lungs be best described?

a.) They look like inflated balloons.
b.) They are porous and spongy.
c.) They are tubes covered with capillaries.
d.) They are flat and thick tissues.
Think and Answer
LETS APPLY
TEST YOURSELF