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Transcriptions (Asdcripcin Ph I, Prof.

Graciela Moyano, 1
st
F, 2000) Selected & Compiled by Prof. Cinthia P. Smith

TRANSCRIPTIONS (2000)
(advanced)
Ordinary spelling

1. UNIVERSITY EDUCATION IN BRITAIN

Education is compulsory in Britain from five to sixteen years of age. After this time,
students can, if they wish study for their A level examinations and go on to some form of
further education. Many apply for entry to one of Britains universities. Entry to university is
competitive and simply obtaining a pass in your A level examinations does not
automatically give you the right to attend a university. The university first interviews you
and if you are successful in the interview, it examines your marks and on the basis of
these decides whether to offer you a place. Most university courses last three years.
Students studying modern languages usually spend an additional year in the country of
the language they are studying. Students studying medicine or dentistry do a five year
course. Some universities have examinations at the end of the first year which students
have to pass to continue with their university education.

2. NOISE

While noise usually won't kill us, it can certainly make our lives miserable. Whether it's an
inconsiderate neighbour listening to their music loud enough to rattle our teeth or a jet
plane take-off that shakes our whole house, noise is not a laughing matter for the 20
million or more U.S. residents estimated to be "exposed on a regular basis to hazardous
noise levels that could result in hearing loss" (National Institutes of Health, 1990) or the
millions of others who lose sleep, feel constantly stressed, or otherwise suffer from
unwanted sounds they can't escape in the office or at home. And people aren't the only
creatures affected by noise pollution. Airplane noise can cause birds to abandon their
nests and young, and many species of whales run away from the low frequency noises of
ship engines and from high frequency sonar.

3. BRITISH WOMAN WINS GOLF SEXUAL DISCRIMINATION CASE

A woman who quit her job with Britain's Professional Golf Association (PGA) after she
was told not to wear trousers has won her sexual discrimination claim against the golfing
body, the Equal Opportunities Commission said on Thursday. The tribunal found in
J udy Owen's favour on all counts, a commission spokeswoman said. It is a victory for
women's rights. But she said it was unclear what financial compensation Owen was
awarded by the industrial tribunal judging the case in Birmingham. Owen, who had
argued her boss had bullied and harassed her when he told her to go home and change
into a skirt just weeks after she started the job, said she was extremely pleased at the
result. The fact that the PGA thought it could inflict these kinds of prejudicial judgements
on its female employees is outrageous, a commission statement quoted Owen as
saying.


4. Travel Health: TUMMY TROUBLE

To avoid illness, select your meals carefully. All raw food is subject to contamination.
Particularly in areas where hygiene and sanitation are inadequate, travellers should avoid:
Transcriptions (Asdcripcin Ph I, Prof. Graciela Moyano, 1
st
F, 2000) Selected & Compiled by Prof. Cinthia P. Smith
salads, uncooked vegetables, and unpasteurised milk and dairy products such as cheese.
Eat only food that has been cooked and is still hot, or fruit you've peeled yourself.
Remember: boil it, cook it, peel it, or forget it. Undercooked and raw meat, fish, and
shellfish may carry various intestinal pathogens. Cooked food that has been allowed to
stand lukewarm for several hours may provide a fertile place for bacterial growth - and
should be thoroughly reheated before serving. Street food vendors have been associated
with increased risk of tummy trouble. Some fish and shellfish can contain poisonous
biotoxins, even when well-cooked. The most common type of fish poisoning in travellers is
ciguatera fish poisoning. Barracuda is the most toxic fish and should always be avoided.
Red snapper, grouper, sea bass, and other tropical reef fish contain the toxin at
unpredictable times of the year.


5. AGEING

"How old would you be if you didn't know how old you were?" - Satchel Paige Senescence
is used to refer to the deteriorative processes that are associated with the development of
debility and death. Aging, however, should be used to refer to the processes of "accruing
maturity with the passage of time". The goal of geriatrics is not to promote senescence, but
to maximize the positive aspects of aging. In the words of the Gerontological Society of
America, gerontology should be "adding life to years, not just more years to life."
Compression of morbidity therefore is a major goal of geriatrics, which can be achieved by
delaying the onset of chronic disease and maximizing function despite that disease. A
concern which many younger individuals have about older individuals is the association of
aging and death. "In America, dying is the most culturally obscene subject. We talk easily
about sex, money, hate, and private family matters - but not about death." Ebersole
suggests that the desire to shun death in the Western cultures may be a major factor
contributing to the negativism surrounding aging.


6. ARGENTINA DESPERATE TO CUT LABOUR COST

Buenos Aires, Feb. 4 (Reuters). Argentinas new Alliance government has launched a
crusade to cut labour costs, combat high unemployment and bring new investment to the
recession-plagued economy. The first step is a bill now in Congress to modernize
Argentine labour law, allowing salaries to be negotiated at company level and not just by
sector, as is currently the case. The flexibility would allow companies across the country to
negotiate salaries depending on where jobs are located, helping to lower expenses. This,
in theory, would help cut unemployment in far-away regions, where costs such as
transport are higher. Cuts in costs are an indirect consequence of the modernization of
labour law.


7. 2nd CHILD CHOKES on POKEMON TOY:

INDIANAPOLIS
Burger King says it will run national ads next week publicizing a second recall of its
Pokemon toy ball after a 4-month-old Indianapolis boy suffocated in his crib on one of the
toys. The Miami-based restaurant chain's announcement came hours after the Consumer
Product Safety Commission issued its second nationwide alert in a month about the
dangers posed by Poke Balls. More than 25 million of the toys were handed out with
Transcriptions (Asdcripcin Ph I, Prof. Graciela Moyano, 1
st
F, 2000) Selected & Compiled by Prof. Cinthia P. Smith
Burger King children's meals late last year. The packaging contained no warnings and
described them as safety tested and recommended for all ages.J ones was the second
infant to suffocate when half of the hollow ball, about the size of a tennis ball, covered his
mouth and nose. He died Tuesday. Another plastic ball was blamed for the suffocation
death of a 13-month-old California girl in December. Burger King said it will start running
15-second television advertisements on Tuesday warning parents about the toys. The ads
will run for one week on all major networks and more than 20 cable outlets spokeswoman
Kim Miller said.

8. THE STORY OF ST. VALENTINES DAY

Valentines Day started in the time of the Roman Empire. Under the rule of Emperor
Claudius II, Rome was involved in many bloody and unpopular military campaigns.
Claudius the Cruel, as he was known at the time, was having a difficult time getting
soldiers to join his military leagues. He believed that the reason was that Roman men did
not want to leave their loves or families. As a result, Claudius cancelled all marriages and
engagements in Rome. This was when a Christian priest named Valentine came to defend
love in the empire. Valentine began to secretly marry couples despite the emperors
orders. When Emperor Claudius was informed of these ceremonies, Valentine was sent to
prison where he remained until his death on February 14 in the year 270, when Valentine
was clubbed, stoned, then beheaded. History claims that while Valentine was in prison
awaiting execution, he fell in love with the blind daughter of the jailer, Asterius. Through his
unswerving faith, he miraculously restored her sight. He signed a farewell message to her
From Your Valentine, a phrase that still lives today. If this is true, that would have been
the first Valentines card.


9. FROM TWO CHEERS FOR DEMOCRACY by E.M.FORSTER (1939)

To me, anti-Semitism is now the most shocking of all things. It is destroying much more
than the J ews; it is assailing the human mind at its source, and inviting it to create false
categories before exercising judgement. I am sure we shall win through. But it will take a
long time. Perhaps a hundred years must pass before men can think back to the mentality
of 1918, or can say with the Prophet Malachi, Have we not all one father? Hath not one
God created us? For the moment, all that we can do is to dig in our heels, and prevent
silliness from sliding into insanity.

10. SUGAR OVERLOAD

Soft drinks contribute to US sugar overload.
NEW YORK, J an 12 (Reuters Health) - Americans are consuming excessive amounts of
sugar and other sweeteners, a recent survey reports. Much of this sugary overload comes
from drinking too many soft drinks, according to the report, published this month in the
J ournal of the American Dietetic Association. Consumption of added sweeteners accounts
for about 16% of total calories, exceeding dietary recommendations to limit intake from 6%
to 10%. Soft drinks are the greatest source of added sweeteners for everyone except the
youngest children and oldest adults, the researchers report. The most important source of
added sweeteners was regular soft drinks, which contributed one third of intake of added
sweeteners, they note. Other sources include table sugar, syrups, sweets, sweetened
grains such as cereals, and dairy products such as chocolate milk. According to
government researchers, the findings may help to explain rising rates of obesity in the US.

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