CHAPTER I

Introduction
Although much research has focused on the importance of parental
involvement in children's education, conducting other research to determine
the overall impact of parental involvement on the student population
remains only a recent enterprise. This fact largely contributes to the limited
body of knowledge regarding which aspects of parental involvement help
student education and just what components of this involvement are most
important. (Christian, Morrison, & Bryant, 1998; Epstein, 2001; Henderson
& Map, 2002).
The term parental involvement means the participation of parents in
regular, two-way, meaningful communication involving student academic
learning and other school activities which is a combination of commitment
and active participation on the part of the parent to the school and to the
student. Additionally Parental involvement in childrens education from an
early age has a significant effect on educational achievement, and
continues to do so into adolescence and adulthood.
This study was conducted to find out how academic performance is
affected by the involvement of parents. There is dissimilarity among
students, especially the college ones in terms of the presence of their
parents. Some students live with their parents in the comfort of their homes
while some live in dormitories, boarding houses, and apartments. Thus,
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there are also possible differences in the level of their academic
performances considering parental involvement as an aspect.
Parental involvement is built out to relate to the academic
performance. Annually, due to the decreasing number of the population of
the nursing students and every semester the students academic
performance might be constant or irregular; it could have depreciated or
improved. The cause of variations in a students academic performance
might be directly or indirectly associated with the involvement of parents,
thus the result of this study could benefit instructor understand the student
diversity. Moreover it would aid parents understand how much presence
and support could affect the performance of their children being studied.
Various students may prefer not to involve their parents to interfere with
their school activities and others may not even make their parents aware of
their standing in school and this is where the outcome of this study would
become of use. It would help the students reflect on the significance of
making their parents become involved in their academe.
The result of this study shall be significant for the students since they
are the recipients of the study and the parents as well. It shall provide as a
basis for the students since this study will evaluate the impact on parental
involvement with their academic performance.


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Statement of the Problem
This study aims to determine whether a connection exists between
parent involvement and student academic performance at the Cotabato
medical Foundation College, Inc. Bachelor of Science in nursing students.
Specifically, this study aims to:
1. What is the demographic profile of the students in terms of:
a. age
b. sex
c. religion
d. year level
e. living with parents/guardians or dorms/boarding house
2. Components of parental involvement:
a. GPA of the nursing students
b. Determine the impact of parental involvement among the
nursing students;
(1) Parenting
(2) Communication
(3) Volunteering
(4) Learning at home
(5) Decision making
(6) Collaborating with the community

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Theoretical Background
This study is anchored on the theory of Joyce Epstein wherein the
six types of parental involvement are appropriate. The goal of the Epstein
Model is to create a channel by which more interconnectivity is held
between the focal points of family, community, and school. These
connections are created through 6 types of parental involvement and
ultimately aid in garnering increased student success.
Type 1: Parenting. Assist families with parenting skills, family
support, understanding child and adolescent development, and setting
home conditions to support learning at each age and grade level. Assist
schools in understanding the families backgrounds, cultures, and goals for
children. Type 2: Communicating. Communicate with families about school
programs and student progress. Create two-way communication channels
between school and home. Type 3: Volunteering. Improve recruitment,
training, activities, and schedules to involve families as volunteers and as
audiences at the school or in other locations. Enable educators to work with
volunteers who support students and the school. Type 4: Learning at Home.
Involve families with their children in academic learning at home, including
homework, goal setting, and other curriculum-related activities. Encourage
teachers to design homework that enables students to share and discuss
interesting tasks. Type 5: Decision-Making. Include families as participants
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in school decisions, governance, and advocacy activities through school
councils or improvement teams, committees, and parent organizations.
Type 6: Collaborating with the Community. Coordinate resources and
services for families, students, and the school with community groups,
including businesses, agencies, cultural and civic organizations, and
colleges or universities. Enable all to contribute service to the community.
Conceptual Framework
Independent Variable Dependent Dependent







Fig. 2 The diagram illustrates the independent variable of the study is the
parent involvement
This indicates that parents have a central role in influencing their
students improvements and progress in academic performance. It
Student /Children
Academic Performance
- Skills Knowledge
- Self Efficacy in
doing well at
School
Impact of Parent Involvement
- Parenting
- Communication
- Sense of Efficacy In
Helping Children
- Time and Energy
- Decisions
- Financial Status
- Involvement in school
Mediating Variables
Parents developing strategies,
Actions and School Expectation
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demonstrates that there must be a full guidance and support to deepen
students academic performance. The schematic diagram is showing the
relationship of the independent variables and dependent variables.
The mediating variables are the parents developing strategies,
actions and school expectations which reflect the feeling and confident of
the parent in involving the childs academic performance.
Students academic performance is dependent variable of the study.
Upon the degree of parent involvement was used as indicators of students
performance in their academe.
Assumptions
The following assumptions are evident in this research.
1. Parents who are involved in their childrens academic
performance will have an impact on them and therefore, their
success rate of 100%.
2. Income will be a factor in determining the amount of parental
involvement in the improvement of their children academic
performance.
Scope and Delimitation of the Study
This research study is conducted at Cotabato Medical Foundation
College, Inc., 50 students will be used as the sample in conducting the
survey.
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The coverage of this study limits on the BSN students only. The
study focuses on the identification of the common problem, which they
encounter and possible solutions. This study considers every aspect of
students personal information that has an impact on their academic
performances such as gender, age and religion. Each of the respondents is
given same questionnaires to answer. This study is focused on the current
BSN students of present SY: 2013-2014.
Significance of the Study
The researcher believes that the conclusion of this research will
exhibit the certain aspect of such behavior of nursing students of Cotabato
Medical Foundation College Inc. towards their studies and will make way to
an enhanced and scholastic improvement on their academic performance.
The result of this study will be useful to the following persons:
College Dean of Nursing, the result of this research will display the
certain characteristic of such behavior of nursing students towards their
learning thus will influence them to make a progress on the enhancement of
the students academic performance.
Clinical Instructors in the College of Nursing, the results of this study
would give understanding to clinical instructors with regards to the important
issue especially those which relates to how the level of parental
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involvement could contribute to the varying academic performance of the
BSN students.
The Guidance Counseling Center also will aid through providing a
more focused and factual knowledge of the factors that affect the students
academic performance. That will increase the understanding of the variance
of the study and will help their capabilities to towards the development and
implementation of more effective programs in coordination of the variables.
To the Nursing Students, the result of the study will make them
aware of the common variables in relation to their academic performance,
above all can develop certain factors that could bring desirable outcomes
and refrain from those factors that could cause damage.
To the Parents, this will aid them on how to handle and manage
parenting skills in boosting the academic performance of their children.
To the Future researcher, they may be able to make use of the result
of the study in further research similar to what the study is.
Definition of Terms
Academic. It refers to the educational institution where verbal and
written of a student is enhanced and used.
Academic Performance. It refers to the academic performance of the
students from the task given
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Impact. It refers to the result of the actions and influences made with
one another.
Parent. It refers to the person responsible for the guidance and
nurturing of their offspring until they are capable of taking care of
themselves.
Parental Involvement. It refers to the perception, behaviors and
influences as part of the parent to the school and to student by their
instructors.