SYNOPSIS

A) Name of College : Government College of Engineering, karad.

B) Name of Course : M.E.[Structural Engineering]
C) Name of the Student :Mr.Raygandhi-Shaha Umesh Lilachand
D) Date of registration :August 2013.
E) Name of Guide :Dr.S.K.Hirde
Professor, Applied Mechanics Department,
Government College of Engineering, Karad
F) Registration No :
G) Name of Dissertation : Seismic performance of elevated RC water Tanks
Under different staging patterns in various seismic zones.
H) Relevance:
Water is as important commodity as food and air for the existence of life. The
overhead tanks which have been the inevitable part of water supply system are
important public utility structures and industrial structure by the help of which the
required water head can easily be achieved and water can be made available to all by
the mere action of gravity. As known from very upsetting experiences, elevated water
tanks were heavily damages or collapsed during earthquake. This was might be due to the
lack of knowledge regarding the proper behavior of supporting system of the tank again
dynamic effect and also due to improper geometrical selection of staging patterns. Due to
the fluid-structure interactions, the seismic behavior of elevated tanks has the
characteristics of complex phenomena. So there is necessity to understand the behavior of
supporting system which is more effective in different seismic zone.
Intz tank is the most common type of reinforced concrete water tanks. Due to its
special shape it imparts many advantages in the design and construction. In the lower
portion of the tank braces are generally provided to link the columns. These braces
shorten the length of columns and provide a better margin of safety to the water tank.
Normally; horizontal bracing elements in a circular configuration are provided to link
columns which are provided in a circular fashion due to the circular shape of such a water
tank. Though the practice has been found to be good, some other configuration of bracing
elements may be a better one depending on different parameters.
In this study; an effort has been made to consider different Patterns
(Configurations) in the staging of overhead water tanks to improve seismic performance.
The seismic performance of particular water tank is analyzed and compared for Different
Staging Patterns and Heights considering tank situated in different seismic zones. The
approach has been to apply the codal guidelines in IS: 1893 for imparting earthquake
safety. Importance factor is taken as 1.5 for design of overhead water tank.

I) Literature review:
From the review of earlier investigations it is found that considerable work has
been done on the method of analysis and design of water tanks. Attempts have also
been made by various designers and research workers to give the ratio of optimized
geometrical parameters for the design of container and optimized parameters for the
design of staging.
Sajjad Sameer U investigated the seismic analysis and design aspects of R.C.
frame type elevated water tank staging. Performance of such staging in past earthquakes
has been reviewed. The bracing girder of such tanks is particularly vulnerable to shear
failure. The Indian code provisions for a seismic design of elevated water tanks have
been reviewed. The code provides for rather low seismic design force for these
structures due to the absence of a suitable value of performance factor which must be in
the range of 2.5 - 3.5. On the other hand the code is too conservative (in most cases) in
proposing that the tank be modelled as a single degree of freedom system.
Sudhir K. Jain and Sameer U. Sajjad[2] proposed simple approximate procedures
to estimate the lateral stiffness of the tank staging. These are based on the portal frame
and moment distribution methods which have been suitably modified to account for the
bracing flexibility and three-dimensional behavior of the structure. it is also be seen that,
the tanks being slender structures, column axial deformation may contribute 5 to 10
percent of the total lateral displacement. An approximate but accurate, procedure has
been proposed to account for the axial deformation in columns

Sudhir K. Jain and Sameer U. Sajjad[3] reviewed I.S.Code provisions for seismic
design of elevated water tanks .it has been seen that, due to absence of a suitable value
of performance factor for tanks, the code provides for rather low seismic design forces
for these structures. Simple expressions are given which allow calculation of staging
stiffness and hence the time period, while incorporating beam flexibility.
Atsushi MORI, Ryoichi FUJITA, Kiyoshi YASUGI, Ryoji ISOYAMA, Yuichi
HAYASHI,And Kenji NIWA[4] presented a case study on an aseismic verification
procedure and seismic retrofit for an existing elevated steel water tank. In the proposed
procedure, a finite element analytical approach, which can deal with an interaction
between structural elements and liquid elements, is adopted to verify the seismic
stability of the existing elevated steel water tank as a case study. It was confirmed that
the procedure based on the use of a finite element analytical technique was effective and
much rational compared with the conventional static approach with regard to analytical
treatment of the behavior of structure-liquid interaction during earthquakes. Also from a
case study result of seismic retrofit for the existing elevated steel water tank, it was
confirmed that a relatively ready seismic retrofit method is very effective to keep the
tank functional and after large earthquakes
David b. Swanson, Bryce falkin, Kylie k. Yamatsuka, Daniel j. Campbell[5]
studied the seismic evaluation and retrofit design of the Renton Highlands and Rolling
Hills elevated water storage tanks utilizing friction dampers. Due to the age, use, and
recent earthquake damage of each tank, comprehensive seismic evaluations were
performed to assess their earthquake vulnerability and options for performance-based
seismic retrofit design enhancements. A site-specific geotechnical investigation was also
performed to analyze near-surface conditions as well as physical and engineering
characteristics of the soils. The evaluation determined that both elevated water tanks had
significant seismic deficiencies to critical elements, including the steel columns,
diagonal braces, and horizontal struts. To achieve a higher level of performance, passive
energy dissipation was evaluated using site-specific time history records for both 475-
and 2475-year seismic events.
R. Livaoglu & A. Dogangun[6] presented a review of simplified seismic design
procedures for elevated tanks and the applicability of general-purpose structural analyses
programs to fluid structuresoil interaction problems for these kinds of tanks. Ten
models are evaluated by using mechanical and finite-element modelling techniques. An
added mass approach for the fluidstructure interaction, and the mass less foundation
and substructure approaches for the soil structure interactions are presented. The
applicability of these ten models for the seismic design of the elevated tanks with four
different subsoil classes are emphasized and illustrated. From the models defined here,
single lumped-mass models underestimate the base shear and the overturning moment.
The seismic design of elevated tanks by using single lumped-mass models provides
smaller base shears and overturning moment in both fixed-base and flexible soil
conditions. These circumstances may lead to unsafe seismic design of R/C elevated
tanks.
F. Omidinasab and H. Shakib[7] Presented Seismic vulnerability of elevated
water tanks using Performance based-design In this research, a sample of a reinforced
concrete elevated water tank, with 900 cube meters under seven earthquake records have
been studied and analyzed in dynamic time history and the tanks responses including
base shear, overturning moment, tank displacement, and sloshing displacement under
these seven record have been calculated, and then the results have been compared and
contrasted. A reinforced concrete elevated water tanks with a container capacity is
considered. The demand of the system is evaluated to an ensemble of earthquake records
by using linear and nonlinear analysis. In the other hands, the capacity of the system also
evaluated. The ratios of demand to capacity for each element of the system are also
estimated and they concluded that (1)Critical response of the elevated tank does not
always occur in full condition and it may happen in low Percentage of filling and even in
empty condition of the tank. (2)Maximum displacement in the height of the structure in
nonlinear dynamic analysis, considering the soil condition, happens in the joint of the
supporting system to the container. In stiff and relatively soft soils, systems maximum
displacement occurs in the joining place of the supporting system to the container and
the softer the soil, the systems maximum displacement happens in the systems roof
level.(3) Drift variation trend in lower stories is different from the higher stories.
Dr. Suchita Hirde, Ms. Asmita Bajare, Dr. Manoj Hedaoo [8]presented the study
of seismic performance of the elevated water tanks for various seismic zones of India for
various heights and capacity of elevated water tanks for different soil conditions. The
effect of height of water tank, earthquake zones and soil conditions on earthquake forces
have been presented with the help of analysis of 240 models for various parameters.
Analysis has been carried out by using Esr-Gsr software. Earthquake analysis is carried
out for different soil conditions and different earthquake zones. Tank empty and tank
full conditions are considered for earthquake analysis.
Ayazhussain M. Jabar1, H. S. Patel [9]studied seismic behaviour of rc elevated
water tank under different staging pattern and earthquake characteristics The main aim
of their study is to understand the behavior of supporting system which is more effective
under different earthquake time history records with SAP 2000 software. Here two
different supporting systems such as radial bracing and cross bracing are compared with
basic supporting system for various fluid level conditions. For later conditions water
mass has been considered in two parts as impulsive and convective suggested by
GSDMA guidelines. In addition to that impulsive mass of water has been added to the
container wall using Westergaards added mass approach. Tank responses including
base shear, overturning moment and roof displacement have been observed, and then the
results have been compared and contrasted. The result shows that the structure responses
are exceedingly influenced by the presence of water and the earthquake characteristics.
Asari Falguni P, Prof.M.G.Vanza[10] presented the results of an analytical
investigation of the seismic response of elevated water tanks using fiction damper. They
studied behavior of RCC elevated water tank using friction damper (FD). For FD
system, the main step is to determine the slip load. In nonlinear dynamic analysis, the
response of structure for three earthquake time history has been carried out to obtain the
values of tower drift base shear and acceleration Time Period. These values are
compared with original structure. Results of the elevated tank with FD are compared to
the corresponding fixed-base tank design and indicate that friction damper is effective in
reducing the tower drift, base shear, time period, and roof acceleration From the analysis
results they found that increase in slip load value reduce acceleration, time period as
well as tower drift except base shear results for friction damper. From results, it can be
said that by use of 60kN and 90kN slip load give max reduction for friction damper. But
overall using friction damper performance of structure batter than without friction
damper. For the full range of tank capacities. The obtained results shows that
performance of Elevated water tank with FD is better than without FD.
Pavan S. Ekbote & Dr. Jagadish G. Kori [11]studied seismic behavior of elevated
water tank The main aim of their study is to understand the behavior of supporting
system which is more effective under different response spectrum method with SAP
2000 software. They analyzed different supporting systems such as radial bracing and
cross bracing in zone IV by considering the tank in empty condition, half full condition
and full condition.
From the above literature review it can be seen that, there is not much study on
seismic behavior of different staging patterns in various seismic zones for particular
capacity of water tank. Present study focuses on comparing behavior of staging patterns
(i.e. hexagonal bracing, hexagonal cross bracing & hexagonal Radial bracing) in various
seismic zones for two Different heights of elevated water tank.

J) Proposed work:
The Objectives of proposed work are as follows,
1) To study practices of the design and construction of water tank.
2) To study the Indian code guidelines for the design of tanks.
3) To analyze seismic behavior water tank for different staging patterns in various
seismic zones.

K) Methodology:
The following methodology will be adopted for the execution of the project work.
1) To study the available literature regarding Design and construction of intz shape
water tank.
2) To study the Indian code guidelines to design water tanks in different zones.
3) To study Structural engineering software Staad-Pro V8i For Modeling,
analysis and design of the structure.
4) To analyze seismic behavior of RC elevated water tank for particular capacity of
water tank by changing staging pattern for various earthquake zones (i.e. II, III,
IV & V) in Staad-Pro V8i Software.
5) To compare improvement in seismic performance of water tank.
L) Facilities available:
1) College Central library for reference journals and books.
2) Various websites and online journals through internet for collection of required
literature
M) Expected date of completion: June 2015.

N) Expected expenditure of the work: Rs.20,000/-

O) References:

1) George W. Housner (1963) The dynamic behavior of water tanks Bulletin of the
Seismological Society of America. Vol.53, No. 2, PP. 381-387.

2) Sudhir K. Jain,Sajjad U. Sameer, Seismic design of frame staging for elevated water
tanksNinth symposium on earthquake engineering(9SEE-90),Roorkee,December 14-
16,1990,Vol. ,PP. 4.114-4.120

3) Sameer Sajjad S Jain S.K. Approximate Method of Determination of Time
of Water Tank Indian Concrete Journal, Dec 1992.

4) Atsushi MORI, Ryoichi FUJITA, Kiyoshi YASUGI, Ryoji ISOYAMA, Yuichi
HAYASHI And Kenji NIWA, A study on aseismic verification and retrofit methods
for an elevated water tank against strong earthquakes, World Conference on
Earthquake Engineering (12WCEE),2000,Paper No.1069.

5) David B. SWANSON, Bryce FALKIN, Kylie K. YAMATSUKA, Daniel J.
CAMPBELL Use of friction dampers on elevated water tanks 13th World
Conference on Earthquake Engineering. Vancouver, B.C., August 1-6, 2004,Paper
No. 1011

6) R. Livaoglu, A. Dogangun, Simplified seismic analysis procedures for elevated
tanks considering fluidstructuresoil interaction Journal of Fluids and Structures,
Feb 2006 PP. 421439


7) F. Omidinasab, H. Shakib, Seismic vulnerability of elevated water tanks using
Performance based-design The 14
th
World Conference on Earthquake Engineering
October 12-17, 2008, Beijing, China

8) Dr. Suchita Hirde, Ms. AsmitaBajare, Dr. ManojHedaoo, Seismic Performance of
Elevated Water Tanks International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and
Studies, IJAERS/Vol. I/ Issue I/October-December 2011, PP. 78-87.

9) AyazhussainM.Jabar, H. S. Patel , Seismic behavior of RC elevated water tank under
different staging pattern and earthquake characteristics, International Journal of
Advanced Engineering Research and Studies E-ISSN22498974,Vol. I, Issue III,
April-June, 2012 PP. 293-296

10) Asari Falguni P, Prof.M.G.Vanza, Structural control system for elevated water tank
, International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies( IJAERS), E-
ISSN22498974 Vol. I/ Issue III/April-June, 2012 PP. 325-328

11) Pavan S. Ekbote, Dr. Jagadish G. Kori, Seismic Behavior of RC Elevated Water
Tank under Different Types of Staging Pattern, Journal of Engineering, Computers
& Applied Sciences (JEC&AS) ISSN No: 2319-5606 Volume 2, No.8, August 2013
PP. 293-296

12) Indian Standard Code of Practice for Design &- Construction of Raft
Foundation, 1S: 2950 (Part 1) -195l, Indian Standard Institution, New Delhi.
13) Indian Standard Handbook, SP: 22 (S&T) -1952, Indian Standards Institution
View Delhi.

14) Indian Standard Criteria For Design Of RCC Staging For Overhead Water
Tanks, IS: 11682 -1985, Indian Standards Institution, New Delhi, January
1987.

15) Indian Standards code Of Practice for Design Loads (other than Earthquake)
For Buildings End Structures, 1S: 875(Part 3 (III) -1987, Indian Standards
Institution, New Delhi.

16) Indian Standards Criteria for Earthquake Resistant Design Of Structures, IS:
1893: 2002, Bureau Of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

17) Indian Standard Code Of Practice for Plain & Reinforced Concrete, IS: 456: -
2000, Bureau of Indian Standards, New De1hi, July 2000.

18) Jain A.K., "Reinforced Concrete Limited State Design", Nem Chand & bros
rookee 2002

19) IITK-GSDMA Guidelines for Seismic Design of Liquid Storage Tanks Provisions
with commentary and explanatory examples

20) STAAD Pro V8i Manual






P) Undertaking of Guide:
Information given by the student is correct and the said facilities are available
with the college.





Date:
Place: Karad






Mr.Raygandhi-Shaha Umesh Lilachand Dr.S.K.Hirde
ME (Civil-Structures) Professor,Applied Mechanics Department,
(Student) Govt. College of Engineering, Karad.
(Guide)