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WhatsaTheoryorModel?
HSci310 PrinciplesofNursingResearch
M.E.F.Highfield
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KeyNursingConcepts?
Nursing
Person
Environment
Health
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Whatisatheoryormodel?
Concepts / Constructs (e.g., Nursing, Person,
Environment, Health, self-care deficit)
Propositions (e.g., statements about the relationships)
Theories & Models = systematic explanation of
large chunks of reality. They are composed of
concepts/constructs & propositions.
What is difference between theory & model?
Theory explains more
Model may be pictures or words
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Example:Einsteinstheoryofrelativity
"Itfollowedfromthespecialtheoryofrelativitythatmass
andenergyarebothbutdifferentmanifestationsofthe
samething asomewhatunfamiliarconceptionforthe
averagemind.Furthermore,theequationEisequaltomc
squared,inwhichenergyisputequaltomass,multiplied
bythesquareofthevelocityoflight,showedthatvery
smallamountsofmassmaybeconvertedintoaverylarge
amountofenergyandviceversa.Themassandenergy
wereinfactequivalent,accordingtotheformula
mentionedabove.ThiswasdemonstratedbyCockcroftand
Waltonin1932,experimentally."
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Example:
Leiningers
Sunrise
Modelof
CultureCare
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ComponentsofTheories/Models
Concepts
Conceptualdefinitions
Operationaldefinitions
Propositionsare
Statementsabouthowconceptsare
related
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Concepts/Constructs(likesinglewords)
Anabstractionbased
on[shared]behaviors
orcharacteristics
(Polit&Beck)
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Concepts/Constructs
Mustbetranslatedinto
measurablevariables
Sports
Oneactplays
Toys
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Propositions=
StatementoftheRelationshipBetweenConcepts
Concepts(likewords) Propositions(likesentences)
Childsplayisa
simple,easyactivity
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Models=Propositions+Propositions
(Modelsarelikeparagraphsthatare
composedofsentences)
MODEL: Childsplayincludes
activitiesthataresimpleandeasy
foradults.Buildingwithblocks,
running,andlearningthealphabet
arechildsplay.Forchildrensuch
childsplayisawaytomeet
Eriksonstaskofindustryvs.
inferiority.
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So..Stop&Check
Conceptsare____________
Conceptualdefinitionsare__________.
Operationaldefinitionsare_________.
Propositionsare
Statementsabouthowconceptsare
related
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Framework:TheoryorModel
Atheoreticalorconceptualframeworkfora
researchstudystatesthemainconcepts
investigatedintheresearchproject&describesthe
expectedrelationshipsbetweentheconcepts.
EVERYstudyhasone!
Inyourownresearchabstract/articlewhatare
themainideas?
Howarethosemainideasrelated?
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NursingorBorrowedorShared?
Orem?
Maslow?
Travelbee?
Lazarus&Folkman?
HealthBeliefModel?
(pp.158161, Polit &Beck)
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Whatisthelinkbetweenthese3.
Theory
Research
Practice
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TheoryResearchPracticeLink
Research is either theory/model
Building or
Testing
QUALitative research is theory _______.
QUANTitative research is theory______.
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TheoryResearchPracticeLink
Whichtypeofreasoningsupports
Qualitativeresearch(theorybuilding)
Quantitative(theorytesting)
Inductivereasoningis_____.
Deductivereasoningis_____.
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Exercise
Critiqueyourstudy
usingthecriteriain
Polit&Beck,Box
8.1,p.166
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KeyReference
Polit,D.F.,&Beck,C.T. Essentialsof
nursingresearch:Methods,appraisal,and
utilization (6
th
ed.).Philadelphia:
Lippincott,Williams,&Wilkins.