Module 7 Chemical Safety

Module 7: Chemical Safety
2009 Family Health International

Hazard Communication
MSDS
Understanding Hazards
Chemical Storage
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)
Waste Disposal
Chemical Spill Response
General Safety Rules
Outline
Hazard Communication - Allows workers to know
the hazards and identities of the chemicals they
are exposed to while working. Describes
measures they can take to protect themselves.
Hazards are communicated by:
Labels
Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)
Education and Training
Hazard Communication
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
MSDS a document prepared by the
chemical manufacturer that describes the:
physical and chemical properties
physical and health hazards
routes of exposure
precautions for safe handling and use
emergency and first-aid procedures
control measures
Using MSDS
Upon receipt of a new chemical:
Print and store hardcopy in a single binder
Highlight
chemical name
first aid section
Organize alphabetically (may also serve as
chemical inventory)
Must be accessible to everyone all the time
Check for updates annually
Chemicals
Class A
Compressed gas
Class B
Fumable and
combustable
Class C
Oxidising
material
Class D
Poisonous and
Infectious
Class E
Corrosives
Class F
Dangerously
reactive material
D1
Immediate and
Serious Toxic
effects
D2
Other Toxic
Effects
D3
Biohazardous
and Infectious
Material
Classification of Chemicals
and their Labels
Understanding Hazards
Toxicity: the ability of a chemical
substance to cause harm
Hazard: likelihood a material will cause
harm under the conditions of use
With proper handling, even highly toxic
chemicals can be used safely
Less toxic chemicals can be extremely
hazardous if handled improperly
Examples of Chemical Hazards
Carcinogen cancer (long time exposure)
Corrosive - burns
Hepatotoxin - liver damage
Mutagen damage genetic material in cells
Nephrotoxin kidney damage
Neurotoxin damage to the nervous system
Teratogen birth defects
http://www.scorecard.org/health-effects/index.tcl
Routes of Chemical Exposure
Inhalation breathing (e.g., powders, fumes)
Absorption skin or mucus membranes
Ingestion entry through mouth
Injection through skin by foreign body
Acute Exposure (short term): eye irritation, nausea,
dizziness, skin rash, burns, headache
Chronic Exposure (long term): long-term illness
Examples of Toxic Effects
Chemical Hygiene Plan
A written document addressing:
Standard operating procedures (SOP)
Exposure control measures
Fume hood & protective equipment
Information & training
Chemicals that require prior planning & approval
Work with particularly hazardous substance
Medical consultations and examinations
Protection Measures
Engineering controls - fume hoods, ventilated
enclosure, glove box
PPE - gloves, lab coats/uniforms, eye
protection, safety shoes, respirators, face
shields
Ventilated
Enclosure
Glove Box
Gloves
Do not re-use gloves
Use proper size
Use proper glove material (i.e., latex)
Chemical Resistance Guide
http://www.microflex.com/
Good PPE
Safety Shower
Eye Wash
Eye wash station
Must flush regularly
Identify with sign
Expensive
Disposable Eye Wash
Check solution for
expiration
Identify with sign
Inexpensive
Chemical Storage - Acids
Examples: Hydrochloric Acid, Acetic Acid, etc.
Store acids in separate acid cabinet
Segregate acids from bases and active metals such as sodium,
potassium, etc.
Segregate oxidizing acids from organic acids and flammables
Never store bottles above eye level
Do not abbreviate labels
Use bottle carrier for transporting large bottles
Use secondary containment (plastic tray)
Chemical Storage - Bases
Examples: Sodium Hydroxide, KOH, etc.
Store bases in separate Base cabinet
Store strong bases in polyethylene containers
Do not abbreviate labels
Use ventilated storage cabinet
Use secondary containment (plastic tray)
Chemical Storage - Flammables
Examples: Methanol, Ethanol, etc.
Store in approved metal safety cans or cabinets
Segregate from oxidizers
Keep away from source of ignition: flames, heat or sparks
Know about fire fighting equipment and its use
Store small amounts of volatile flammables in a lab-safe
refrigerator
Chemical Storage - Oxidizers
Examples: Nitric Acid, Permanganates
Store in a cool, dry place
Away from flammable and combustible materials such
as paper or wood
Away from reducing agents such as zinc, alkaline
metal, formic acid.
Chemical Storage- Pyrophorics
Example: n-butyl lithium
Can spontaneously combust with air
Do not store with flammables
Store in containers that omit air
Store in a cool, dry place
Beware of low humidity circumstances in which static
electricity may be high.
Chemical Storage Light Sensitive
Examples: bromine, silver salts
Can form dangerous radicals
Avoid exposure to light
Store in amber bottles in a cool, dry place.
Do not place near a window
Chemical Storage - Carcinogens
Examples: ethidium bromide, acrylamide, formaldehyde,
chloroform)
Store in a well ventilated cabinet, such as under a
fume hood with exhaust vent
Label all carcinogens as cancer suspect agents
Remember: Harmful exposure to carcinogens may not
be immediately noticeable
Gas Cylinders
Chain or strap cylinder to wall/bench.
Always use a cart & safety chain when transporting cylinder.
Never transport a cylinder without its metal cap.
Store flammable gas bottles in appropriate storage cabinet.
Store multiple cylinders by nesting.
No more than 3 flammable, oxygen or hazardous gas
cylinders per lab.
Chemical Incompatibility Matrix
Red = Incompatible
White = OK
Chemical Spill Response
Do not respond beyond your
training level!
Stop, think Is this a Major spill?
No
Remove contaminated clothing
Use proper PPE
Contain spill
Notify workers in your area
Seek MSDS for advice
Notify supervisor / security
Yes
Rescue
Avoid the chemical
Find the MSDS
Telephone for help
Chemical Fire Response
Stop, think Can I extinguish this fire?
Yes
Extinguish open flames (Fire extinguisher Class
A,B, C, or D)
Turn off gas / electricity
Notify workers in your area
Ventilate work area
Notify supervisor / security
No
Evacuate area immediately and pull alarm
Call emergency number
Hazardous Waste
Minimize waste in the first place
Do not pour chemical waste down the drain
Know your chemical classification
Segregate chlorinated and non-chlorinated waste
Use flame resistant container with label
Dont leave funnel on top of waste container
Use proper mercury disposal (broken thermometers)
Call for pick up
Store chemicals in their original containers
Always wear appropriate safety gear and work in a
controlled environment
Always dispose of chemicals properly
Use care in handling contaminated glassware or
needles
Always dispose of chemicals properly
Dont buy chemicals you do not need
Dont eat, drink, smoke, chew gum or apply cosmetics in
lab
Dont mouth pipette
Dont use unlabeled containers
Know chemical properties as well as toxicity
Keys to Working Safely
Read your Chemical Hygiene Plan
Review MSDS for each chemical
Read all labels
Know your protocol / procedures
Remember, some chemicals may
have delayed toxic effects on the
body
Acknowledgement
Asia-Pacific Biosafety Training Network
(http://apbtn.com)
The University of Floridas Institute of
Food and Agricultural Sciences (UF/IFAS)
(http://disaster.ifas.ufl.edu/agroChem/che
m-safe1.)

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Module 7 Chemical Safety

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Module 7: Chemical Safety

2009 Family Health International

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