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In lower forms, we have learnt the way to solve a system of two simultaneous linear equations
in two unknowns. In this chapter, we are going to learn ways to solve a system of one linear
equation and one quadratic equation in two unknowns and have a look at some of its applications.
1. Method of Substitution
Similar to a system of two simultaneous linear equations in two unknowns, we have an
analogous method of substitution to solve a system of one linear equation and one quadratic
equation in two unknowns. We illustrate this method by means of some examples.
Example 1.1.
Solve the following system of equations.
( )
( )
2
..........
.......... 2 ! 2
y x
y x x
'
+ +
Solution.
Substituting "# into "2#, we get
( ) ( )
2
2
! 2
$ 2 %
2 %
x x x
x x
x x
+ +
+ +
+ +
and so x 2 or x . In order to find the corresponding values for y, we substitute these values of
x into "# to get y 2 when x 2 and y when x . &quivalently, we may write
"x, y# "2, 2# or ", #.
Example 1.2.
Solve the following system of equations.
( )
( )
2
.......... 2 ' (
.......... 2 2 2
y x
y x x
'
+
Solution.
)rom "#, we have
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( )
' (
.......... $
2 2
y x .
Substituting "$# into "2#, we get
( ) ( )
2
2
2
' (
2 2
2 2
' ( 2 ! 2!
2 ' %
2 ' $ %
x x x
x x x
x x
x x
+
+
+
and so
'
2
x
or x $. Substituting these values of x into "$#, we get "x, y# ( )
' !$
2 !
,
or "$, $#.
Example 1..
Solve the following system of equations.
( )
( )
2 2
.......... 2
.......... 2 $ 2 !$
y x
x y x y
+
'
+ +
Solution.
Substituting "# into "2#, we get
( ) ( )
( ) ( )
2
2
2 2
2
2 $ 2 2 !$
! ! $ 2 ! !$ %
2 $ $' %
2 + ' %
x x x x
x x x x x
x x
x x
+ + + +
+ + + + +
+
+
and so
+
2
x
or x '. Substituting these values of x into "#, we get "x, y# ( )
+
2 2
,
or "', $#.
Exe!"ise
. Solve the following system of equations.
2 2
2 2 %
!
x y
x y
+
'
+
!
x y
x y
+
'
+
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2. #!aphi"al Method
We may solve the system of equations graphically. We are going to show this by redoing the
above examples.
Example 2.1.
Solve the following system of equations.
( )
( )
2
..........
.......... 2 ! 2
y x
y x x
'
+ +
Solution.
,he graph of equations "# and "2# is shown in )igure .
-4 -3 -2 -1
x
-4
-3
-2
-1
1
2
y
yx
2
4x 2
yx
)igure - ,he graph of
2
! 2 y x x + + and y x.
.ote that the coordinates of the points of intersection of the two lines are the required solutions
of the system. )rom )igure , the points of intersection are ", # and "2, 2#.
Example 2.2.
Solve the following system of equations.
( )
( )
2
.......... 2 ' (
.......... 2 2 2
y x
y x x
'
+
Solution.
,he graph of equations "# and "2# are shown in )igure 2.
*age $ of (
-4 -2 2 4
x
-15
-10
-5
5
10
y
yx
2
2x 12
2y5x 9
)igure 2- ,he graph of
2
2 2 y x x + and 2y 'x / (.
)rom )igure 2, the points of intersection occurs at about x $ and x 2.' and hence the
points of intersection is "$, $# and "2.', %.+'#.
Example 2..
Solve the following system of equations.
( )
( )
2 2
.......... 2
.......... 2 $ 2 !$
y x
x y x y
+
'
+ +
.
Since the width of a rectangle cannot be 5ero, by "#,
( )
23
.......... $ x
y
.
Substituting "$# into "2#, we get
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( ) ( )
2
2
23
2 3%
23 $%
$% 23 %
2 0 %
y
y
y y
y y
y y
_
+
,
+
+
So y 2 cm or y 0 cm. .ote that the second answer is re6ected since y 0 gives
23
0
2 x
,
which contradicts to the assumption that x is the length and y is the width. .ow when y 2,
23
2
0 x
. 2ence the length of the rectangle is 0 cm and the width of it is 2 cm.
Example .2.
7uring free fall, the distance fallen "s, in metres# of an ob6ect and the time during which the ob6ect
has been falling "t, in seconds# have the following relation
2
' s t
.
1t a certain instant, $s '3 / t. )ind the distance fallen at that instant.
Solution.
,o find the distance fallen, it is equivalent to solve for s in the system
( )
( )
2
.......... '
.......... 2 $ '3
s t
s t
'
.
Substituting "# into "2#, we get
( )
( ) ( )
2
2
$ ' '3
' '3 %
$ + ' 0 %
t t
t t
t t
+
+
So
0
'
t
sec or
+
$
t
sec "re6ected as % t #. *ut
0
'
t
into "#, we get
( )
2
0 3!
' '
' s m .
Example ..
1 rectangular garden of area
2
33 m is surrounded by a rectangular path of width m. If the area of
the path is
2
%! m , find the dimension of the garden.
Solution.
4et the dimension of the rectangle be x m by y m. ,hen we have xy 33.
8n the other hand, "x 9 2#"y 9 2# / 33 %!.
2ence we have to solve the following system
( ) ( )
( )
( )
33 ..........
2 2 33 %! .......... 2
xy
x y
'
+ +
.
)rom "2#, we have
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( )
2 2 ! 33 %!
2 2 +3 .......... $
xy x y
xy x y
+ + +
+ +
.
:y substituting "# into "$#, we have
( )
33 2 2 +3
'%
'% .......... !
x y
x y
y x
+ +
+
.
:y substituting "!# into "#, we have
( )
( ) ( )
2
'% 33
'% 33 %
22 20 %
x x
x x
x x
+
So x 22 m or x 20 m. .ow when x 22, y 20 and when x 20, y 22. So both values of x
gives the same dimension. 2ence the dimension of the garden is 22 m by 20 m.
Exe!"ise
. 1n isosceles triangle has perimeter +2 cm and base angle 3%. )ind the length of its base and
its area "in surd form#.
2. 1 plate of area
2
$3( cm is cut and bent to form two spheres. ,he sum of the diameters of the
two spheres is 2+ cm. )ind the volume of the smaller sphere.
$. 7uring free fall, an ob6ect is dropped freely from certain height. 1t any instant, the distance
fallen "s, in metre# and the instantaneous speed "v, in metre per second# is given by the
following relation
2
2% v s
.
When the ob6ect reaches the ground, its distance fallen is 2'; more than its speed. )ind the
height of the point when the ob6ect is released.
!. 4et C be a unit circle on the <artesian coordinate plane centered at the origin. ,hen the equation
of C is
2 2
x y + . 4et A be the point "!, %#. )ind the coordinates of the point"s# on the circle
such that the point"s# is=are at a distance of ! from A.
'. 1 two>digit number is given. If the sum of the digits is ! and the sum of square of the digits is
$2 larger than the number, find the number.
3. 1 hollow cone of radius r cm and height h cm is cut straightly along its slant height and
unfolded to a sector. &xpress the area A of the sector in terms of , r and h. )urthermore, given
that the square of h is larger than ! times of r by !( and A is
2
220 cm , find the volume of the
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cone in terms of in surd form.
%. Solution to Sele"ted Exe!"ise
?ethod of Substitution
. "x, y# "%, 2# or ( )
0 3
' '
,
.
2. "x, y# "+, 3# or ( )
20 22!
' !'
,
.
1pplications in *ractical *roblems
. 4et x cm be half the length of the base and y cm be the length of the slant. So the perimeter of
the isosceles triangle is 2x 9 2y +2. 8n the other hand,
2
cos 3%
x
y
o
. So we need to solve
the system of equations given below.
2 2 +2
2
x y
x
y
+
'
So we know that the radius of the smaller sphere is 3 cm and so the volume of the smaller
sphere is
$ $
!
$
3 200 cm .
$. When the ob6ect reaches the ground, s "92';#v 2.2'v. 2ence we need to solve for s in the
following system of equations.
2
2%
2.2'
v s
s v
'
So we found that
2.2' !' %.2' s m
or
!%'
!
m
.
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!. 4et Q "x, y# be the coordinates of the required point. Since Q lies on C, we have
( )
2 2
.......... x y +
.
In addition, QA !. So we have, after simplification,
2 2
0 % x y x + . Substituting "# into this,
we have / 0x % i.e.
0
x
and so we have
3$ $ +
0 0
y t t . 2ence the required points are
( )
$ +
0 0
,
and
( )
$ +
0 0
,
.
'. 4et x be the tens digit and y be the unit digit. ,hen the number is %x 9 y. So we have x 9 y !
and ( )
2 2
$2 % x y x y + + +
. :y solving, we get x 3 or x 2.'. :ut the later answer is
re6ected as x should be an integer which satisfies % ( x . So y 0 and so the number is 30.
3. A the curved surface area of the cone
2 2
rl r r h +
.
.ext,
2
! !( h r + and A 220. So by solving "note that ( )
2
2
! !( + r r r + + + #, we have r
2 cm or r ( cm. :ut the later answer is re6ected as r > %. So ! 2 !( 2+ h cm +
and so the volume of the cone is
$
!0 2+ cm .
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