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Fallacious Reasoning

By David Shingler EHS


What exactly is fallacious
reasoning?
! Weve learned about good persuasive
techniques
! Overstatement, understatement, repetition,
and sentence variety
! Now its important to understand the
no-nos of persuasive writing
! Sofallacious reasoning is an argument
based on faulty thinking or persuasion
Self Contradiction
! Contradicts purpose
! Not consistent with
message
! Contradiction of self or
profession
! Example: A used car
salespersons says,
"Hey, you can!t trust
those other car
salesman. They!ll say
anything to get you to
buy a car from them."
Circular Reasoning
! You assume to be true what
you are supposed to be
proving.
! Examples:
! Fan 1: Why do you think
that football is the best
sport?
! Fan 2: Because it is.
! Mitt Romney was the best
candidate for president,
because he is way better
than the other candidates.
Bandwagon
! When a statement is
assumed to be right
because of popularity
! Example
! 7 in 10 doctors say
acupuncture works,
therefore it must work
! Dallas Cowboys
! New York Yankees
! Best results = best for
you Why Lebron?
WHY?!?!?!?!?
False Cause
! A proceeded B therefore A
caused B.
! Or simplified, assuming that
one thing caused another
when they arent directly
connected
! Examples:
! Every time I sit next to
Sarah I fail my Science test.
! Bennett was Secretary of
Education when large drops
in national achievement
scores were recorded, so
Bennett's policies must have
been responsible for
students across the country
doing worse.
Over-Generalization
! When not enough evidence
is found before you make an
assumption of an entire
group.
! Takes in everything and
everyone at once, allowing
no exceptions
! Examples:
! Mrs. Smith likes Diet Cherry
Coke and shes a teacher, so
that means all teachers like
Diet Cherry Coke.
! Goths wear black and they
are teenagers, so all
teenagers wear black.
Hasty Generalization
! Bases an inference on too
small a sample, or on an
unrepresentative sample.
! Often, a single example or
instance is used as the basis
for a broader generalization.
! Key phrases:
! It all boils down to,
! Its a simple question of,
! The easy answer is
Hasty Generalization Example
! Example (from The Simpsons)
! Proctor: All right, here's your last
question. What was the cause of the
Civil War?
! Apu: Actually, there were numerous
causes. Aside from the obvious
schism between the abolitionists
and the anti-abolitionists, there were
economic factors, both domestic
and inter-
! Proctor: Wait, wait... just say
slavery.
! Apu: Slavery it is, sir.
So how to remember?
(Hint: Be creative!)
Self Contradiction
! Used car salesman
! Puts down your self
Circular Reason
! Just because
! Maze of confusion
False Cause
! A proceeded B
therefore A caused B
! This happened
because this
happened
Over Generalization
! Not enough evidence
! Takes on for the entire group
! Diet Coke example
Hasty Generalization
! Too simple
! Takes on too little of a population
! Its a simple question of
Bandwagon
! Popularity Contest
! Dallas Cowboys
! New York Yankees
! No evidence/ logic for conclusion
Background
You have been in charge of writing a
promo speech for one of the four
wrestlers to promote their image to the
audience of America. However, they
want you to use a particular fallacy to
see if it will work to capture the
audience.
Your Job
You will write a 30 sec- 1 min promo for
a wrestler that matches your number.
Must use that fallacy in the speech
1- Circular Reasoning
2- Over Generalization
3- False Cause
4- Hasty Generalization
5- Self Contradiction
Bandwagon

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