Automotive Worldwide

Dual Phase steels

Extract from the product catalogue -European edition
Note: Information contained in this catalogue is subject to change.
Please contact our sales team whenever you place an order to ensure that your requirements are fully met.
Please contact us if you have a specific requirement that is not included in the range of products and services covered by this catalogue.
We are also reachable by the e-mail address automotive.request@arcelormittal.com.


We are also reachable by the e-mail address automotive.request@arcelormittal.com.


Dual Phase steels
Very high strength steels

Description

Dual Phase steels offer an outstanding combination of strength and drawability as a result of their microstructure, in which a hard martensitic
or bainitic phase is dispersed in a soft ferritic matrix. These steels have high strain hardenability. This gives them good strain redistribution
capacity and thus drawability as well as finished part mechanical properties, including yield strength, that are far superior to those of the initial
blank. The yield strength of Dual Phase steels is further increased by the paint baking (also called Bake Hardening, BH) process.

High finished part mechanical strength lends these steels excellent fatigue strength and good energy absorption capacity, making them
suitable for use in structural parts and reinforcements. The strain hardening capacity of these steels combined with a strong bake hardening
effect gives them excellent potential for reducing the weight of structural parts and even " notably in the case of FullFinished 280 DP (FF 280
DP) " skin parts.

Applications

Given their high energy absorption capacity and fatigue strength, cold rolled Dual Phase Steels are particularly well suited for automotive
structural and safety parts such as longitudinal beams, cross members and reinforcements.

FF 280 DP can be used to make visible parts with 20% higher dent resistance than conventional high strength steels, resulting in a potential
weight saving of some 15%.

As a result of its mechanical strength, hot rolled Dual Phase 600 can be used to reduce the weight of structural parts by decreasing their
thickness. Relevant automotive applications include:
wheel webs
longitudinal rails
shock towers
fasteners.

Bumper in Dual Phase 1180 (thickness: 1.35 mm)

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B-pillar reinforcement in Dual Phase 980 LCE
Y600 Extragal

Wheel web in hot rolled Dual Phase 600 -Patented
VersaStyle wheel from Hayes Lemmerz International

ArcelorMittal has an extensive database on the forming and service characteristics of the entire range of Dual Phase steels. To integrate
these steels at the design stage, a team of experts is available to carry out specific studies based on modeling and testing.

Designation and standard

prEN 10338 :2009

(uncoated)
prEN 10338 :2009 + EN
10152 :2009
(electrogalvanized)
EN 10346 :2009
(Extragal/Galvannealed)
FF 280 DP
Dual Phase 450 HCT450X HCT450X +ZE HCT450X +Z/ZF
Dual Phase 500 HCT500X HCT500X +ZE HCT500X +Z
Dual Phase 600 HCT600X HCT600X +ZE HCT600X +Z/ZF
Dual Phase 780 Y450 HCT780X HCT780X +ZE HCT780X +Z/ZF
Dual Phase 780 LCE Y450 HCT780X HCT780X +ZE HCT780X +Z/ZF
Dual Phase 780 Y500
Dual Phase 980 LCE Y600 HCT980X HCT980X +ZE HCT980X +Z/ZF
Dual Phase 980 LCE Y660
Dual Phase 980 Y700
Dual Phase 980 LCE Y700
Dual Phase 1180
Dual Phase 600 HDT580X
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Dual Phase 780

Hot rolled Cold rolled

FF 280 DP (Full Finished): grade specially developed for skin parts.
LCE: Low Carbon Equivalent grade used to optimize properties in service.

While the ArcelorMittal grades conform perfectly well to the indicated EN standards, ArcelorMittal grades generally offer tighter mechanical
properties (see table below).

Technical characteristics

Mechanical properties
Guaranteed for 20x80 mm ISO tensile specimens (uncoated sheet)
ST -Transverse direction (perpendicular to the rolling direction) / SL -Rolling direction

YS (MPa) UTS (MPa)
e
f
(%)
L
0
= 80 mm
th < 3 mm
E
f
(%)
L
0
= 5,65 S
0
(mm)
th 3 mm
n BH
2
(MPa) Direction
FF 280 DP* 300 -380 490 25 0,15 30 ST
Dual Phase 450 280 -340 450 -530 27 0,16 30 ST
Dual Phase 500 300 -380 500 -600 25 0,15 30 SL
Dual Phase 600 330 -410 600 -700 21 0,14 30 SL
Dual Phase 780 Y450 450 -550 780 -900 15 0,10 30 SL
Dual Phase 780 LCE
Y450
450 -550 780 -900 15 0,10 30 SL
Dual Phase 780 Y500 500 -600 780 -900 13 0,10 30 SL
Dual Phase 780 LCE
Y500
500 -600 780 -900 13 0,10 30 SL
Dual Phase 980 LCE
Y600
600 -750 980 -1100 10 30 ST
Dual Phase 980 LCE
Y660
660 -830 980 -1100 10 30 ST
Dual Phase 980 Y700 700 -850 980 -1100 8 30 SL
Dual Phase 980 LCE
Y700
700 -850 980 -1100 8 30 SL
Dual Phase 1180 900 -1100 1180 5 30 SL
Dual Phase 600 330 -460 580 -670 22 24 30 SL
Dual Phase 780* 450 750 15 18 30 SL

Hot rolled Cold rolled

* The guarantees for this grade are subject to change.
FF 280 DP (Full Finished): grade specially developed for skin parts.
LCE: Low Carbon Equivalent grade, used to optimize properties in service.

Chemical Composition (%)

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Chemical Composition (%)

C Mn Si
Max Max Max
FF 280 DP 0,14 1,6 0,40
Dual Phase 450 0,08 1,6 0,40
Dual Phase 500 0,14 1,6 0,40
Dual Phase 600 0,14 2,1 0,40
Dual Phase 780 Y450 0,17 2,2 0,60
Dual Phase 780 LCE Y450 0,10 2,0 0,40
Dual Phase 780 Y500 0,17 2,2 0,60
Dual Phase 780 LCE Y500 0,10 2,0 0,40
Dual Phase 980 LCE Y600 0,11 2,9 0,70
Dual Phase 980 LCE Y660 0,11 2,9 0,70
Dual Phase 980 Y700 0,18 2,4 0,60
Dual Phase 980 LCE Y700 0,11 2,9 0,70
Dual Phase 1180 0,18 2,4 0,60
Dual Phase 600 0,09 1,0 0,25
Dual Phase 780 0,09 1,0 0,30

Hot rolled Cold rolled

FF 280 DP (Full Finished): grade specially developed for skin parts.
LCE: Low Carbon Equivalent grade, used to optimize properties in service.

Dual Phase 600

Dual Phase 980 Y700
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The service properties of Dual Phase steels are guaranteed by the controlled manufacturing process. The controlled (temperature, cooling
speed) annealing cycle in particular ensures achievement of the Dual Phase microstructure and reproducibility of mechanical properties.

Available coatings and surface conditions

Uncoated Electrogalvanized Galvannealed Extragal
FF 280 DP X
Dual Phase 450 X X X X
Dual Phase 500 X X X X
Dual Phase 600 X X X X
Dual Phase 780 Y450 X X O X
Dual Phase 780 LCE Y450 X X
Dual Phase 780 Y500 O X
Dual Phase 780 LCE Y500 X X
Dual Phase 980 LCE Y600 X X X X
Dual Phase 980 LCE Y660 X
Dual Phase 980 Y700 X X
Dual Phase 980 LCE Y700 X X X
Dual Phase 1180 X X
Dual Phase 600 X
Dual Phase 780 X

Hot rolled Cold rolled

X available / O under development
FF 280 DP (Full Finished): grade specially developed for skin parts.
Please inquire about the availability of products shown as being under development or left blank in the table.
LCE: Low Carbon Equivalent grade, used to optimize properties in service.

Recommendations for use and secondary processing

Forming
Dual Phase steels offer an excellent combination of strength and drawability as a result of their good ductility and strain hardening
capacity from the beginning of deformation, which ensure homogeneous strain redistribution and reduce local thinning. For example, in Dual
Phase 500, the yield strength increases by about 120 MPa after 2% of plastic strain in uniaxial tension (a phenomenon known as work
hardening or WH2). The yield strength can be further increased through bake hardening (BH2) after paint curing.

FF 280 DP can also be used to manufacture skin parts, as a result of its excellent biaxial and uniaxial stretch formability.

Dual Phase steels can be drawn on conventional tools, provided the settings are properly adjusted. For example, drawing pressure should be
increased by approximately 20% for a Dual Phase 600, compared to a micro-alloyed (HSLA) type steel of the same thickness. It should be
noted that these steels, especially the highest grades, are sensitive to the so-called springback phenomenon. Component geometry must be
carefully studied during design (small die radius, reinforcement perpendicular to bends to stiffen open parts, etc.) and drawing sequence
definition (overbending, calibration tool, punch stroke, increased blank-holder force, etc.).
ArcelorMittal has developed expertise in controlling springback by means of part and drawing tool design (OUTIFO method).

Forming limit curves for the cold-rolled Dual Phase family of
steels (typical data)

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For more information about the forming of Dual Phase steels in special thicknesses and with special coatings, please consult us.

Welding

Although Dual Phase steels are more highly alloyed than HSLA steels, they can be readily welded using conventional resistance spot welding
processes, provided the parameters used in industrial conditions are adjusted. The table below gives indicative examples of spot weld
properties for homogeneous Dual Phase steel joints complying with the ISO 18278-2 standard.

Coating
Thickness
(mm)
Nugget diameter
(mm)
Pure tensile
(kN)
Weld diameter
(mm)
Tensile-shear
(kN)
Dual Phase 500 - 1.5 8 14.2 8.8 18.4
Dual Phase 600 Extragal 1.5 7.7 13.1 9.5 22.3
Dual Phase 780 Extragal 1.5 8.9 10.5 9.4 25.6
Dual Phase 780
LCE
- 1.5 7.6 14.3 6.6 22.7
Dual Phase 980
LCE
Extragal 1.5 8.4 13.2 10.1 30.4
Dual Phase 600 - 3 11.6 32.6 11.2 46.7

Hot rolled Cold rolled

For coated (galvanized and alloy galvanized) products, electrode life tests show values characteristic of the type of coating considered, with
no significant modification due to the Dual Phase substrate.

In butt or lap MAG (Metal Active Gas) arc welding, maximum hardness in the fusion zone does not exceed 300 HV for a Dual Phase 600,
whatever the parameters. The weld seams meet ISO 25817 Class B requirements. Recommended welding consumables are:
Filler: G3Si1 NF EN 440;
Protective gas: Ar + 8% CO
2
.
Dual phase steels have excellent mechanical strength in laser lap welding. Based on long shop-floor experience in characterizing its
products, ArcelorMittal can provide technical assistance in adjusting the welding parameters for steels in the Dual Phase range.

Fatigue strength

As a result of their high mechanical strength, Dual Phase steels have good fatigue properties. Examples of Whler curves for a variety of
Dual Phase steels are given in the two graphs below. The curves plot maximum stress versus number of cycles to failure. They are
calculated for two loading ratios: tension-compression R=-1 and tension-tension R=0.1.


Whler curves or S-N curves for a variety of Dual Phase
steels

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The graph below shows the low-cycle fatigue or E-N curves for the same steels. The curves plot strain amplitude versus number of reversals
to failure (one cycle corresponds to two reversals). Other high and low cycle fatigue data can be provided on request.


ArcelorMittal can make a Dual Phase steel fatigue database available to its customers.

Impact strength

As a result of their very high tensile strength, Dual Phase steels are particularly suitable for parts designed to absorb energy during an
impact.

Dual Phase steels have been characterized in dynamic axial compression tests using an top hat structure with a spot-welded closure plate at
an impact velocity of 56 kph. These tests have demonstrated the good impact behavior of these steels.

Mass reduction potential compared to that of an HSLA 380
steel (reference)
ArcelorMittal | Last update: 31-07-2013
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