Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
1 3
3 1
dy
dx
2
+ y
2
dx < ,
where y = y(x) is a continuous real function dened on the domain [0, ].
Obviously, the value of I depends on the function y(x), i.e. I = I[(y(x)]. Consider a real
parameter > 0 and another real function (x), x [0, ] and (0) = () = 0.
(1) Write the explicit expression of I[y(x) + (x)];
(2) Calculate the following limit,
I := lim
0
I(y + ) I(y)
;
(3) Show that
I =
d
2
y
dx
2
y
(x)dx .
Hint: Use integration by parts.
Problem 2. Find the general solution for the following ordinary dierential equation,
d
2
y
dt
2
+ 2
0
dy
dt
+
2
0
y = 0 , with y(0) = 0, y(0) = 1 ;
Discuss your solution for the following cases: (1) > 1, (2) = 1, (3) 0 < < 1, and (4) = 0.
1
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering
FALL SEMESTER 2010 Structural Engineering, Mechanics and Materials
NAME
PH.D. PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
MATHEMATICS
Problem 1:
Find the general solution for the following ordinary dierential equation,
d
2
f
dx
2
+
1
x
df
dx
2
2
x
2
f = 0 (1)
Problem 2:
For the following matrix,
[A] =
3 0 2
0 0 0
2 0 0
(2)
(1) Find all the eigenvalues;
(2) Find all the eigenvectors;
(3) Find a transformation matrix [Q] such that
[B] = [Q]
T
[A][Q]
is a diagonal matrix.
1
Mathematics Preliminary Exam Spring 2010
Structural Engineering, Mechanics, and Materials
1. Consider the following PDE
u
x
+
u
t
= 0,
dened for u(x, t) over x (, ) and t [0, ).
(a) (15 pts) Show that every function u(x, t) = f(x t) qualies as a solution to this
equation, independent of the functional form for f().
(b) (15 pts) Assume that the initial condition is given as u(x, 0) = H(x + 1) H(x 1),
where H() is the Heaviside step function; i.e. u(x, 0) is a square pulse centered about
the origin with a width of 2 units. Accurately sketch the solution at time 2; i.e. sketch
u(x, 2).
2. Consider the quadratic form q = x
T
Ax.
(a) (15 pts) Prove that q is a real number, if A is Hermitian
1
(independent of x).
(b) (15 pts) Prove that q is a pure imaginary number (or zero), if A is skew-Hermitian
2
(independent of x).
3. (40 pts) Consider a region of space = {(x, y, z) | x
2
+y
2
< 25 and x+z < 10 and z +y > 4}
with piecewise smooth boundary . Using the divergence theorem, compute the integral
I =
n(x)dS ,
where n is the outward unit normal vector eld on .
1
Hermitian: A = A
, i.e. Aij =
Aji.
2
skew-Hermitian: A = A
, i.e. Aij =
Aji.
1
Mathematics Preliminary Exam Fall 2009
Structural Engineering, Mechanics, and Materials
1. Consider the linear system of equations Ax = b, where
A =
1 1
1 1
1 1
.
(a) (10pts) What condition must b satisfy for this system to have a solution?
(b) (10pts) Assume that
b =
0
2
0
.
Find x.
(c) (5pts) Outline how you would nd a solution to the system of equations if b did not
satisfy the condition you have outlined in Part 1a.
2. Consider the ordinary dierential equation
d
2
x
dt
2
+ x = sin(t) ,
where x(0) = 1 and
dx
dt
(0) = 0.
(a) (20pts) Find x(t) for t > 0.
(b) (5pts) Qualitatively, sketch your solution.
3. (25pts) Assume (x, y) satises Laplaces equations (
2
= 0) over the domain [0, 1] [0, 1]
and is subject to the boundary conditions (0, y) = (x, 0) = (x, 1) = 0 and
x
(1, y) =
sin(y). Find (x, y) using separation of variables.
1
University of California at Berkeley Spring 2008
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering SEMM
Doctoral Preliminary Examination: Mathematics
Name
Problem 1.
Show that
1 1 1
x
1
x
2
x
3
x
2
1
x
2
2
x
2
3
= (x
2
x
1
)(x
3
x
1
)(x
3
x
2
) (1)
(20 points)
Problem 2. Consider the following differential equation,
EI
d
4
y
dx
4
= w
0
H(x a), 0 < a, x < L (2)
where w
0
is a constant, and H(x a) is the Heaviside function dened as
H(x a) =
1, x > a
0, x a
(3)
The boundary conditions of the differential equation are
y(0) = y(L) = 0 (4)
y
(0) = y
(L) = 0 (5)
Find y(x). (35 points)
Problem 3.
Consider a two-dimensional Laplace equation,
2
f
x
2
+
2
f
y
2
= 0 (6)
in Cartesian coordinate.
Use polar coordinates r and
x = r cos , r
2
= x
2
+ y
2
(7)
y = r sin, tan =
y
x
(8)
and chain rule to show that
(1)
x
= cos
r
sin
r
and
y
= sin
r
+
cos
r
(9)
(2)
2
f
x
2
+
2
f
y
2
=
2
r
2
+
1
r
r
+
1
r
2
f = 0 (10)
(3) If f is independent of r, nd the general solution of f (in terms of and arbitrary constants);
and (4) If f is independent of , nd the general solution of f (in terms of r and arbitrary constants).
(Hint:
2
f
dr
2
+
1
r
df
dr
=
1
r
d
dr
r
df
dr
)
(45 points)