RAJIV GANDHI UNIVERSITY OF HEALTH SCIENCES, BANGALORE,

KARNATAKA
Annexure-I
PROFORMA FOR THE REGISTRATION OF SUBJECTS FOR DISSERTATION
1.

Name of the candidate and Dr.SAVITHA RANI E

address ( In Block letters)

POST GRADUATE STUDENT,

DEPARTMENT OF PROSTHODONTICS,
D.A.P.M.R.V.DENTALCOLLEGE AND HOSPITAL,
BANGALORE-560 078.

2.

Name of the institution

D. A.P.M.R.V.DENTALCOLLEGE AND HOSPITAL,

BANGALORE 560 078.
KARNATAKA.

3.

Course of study and Subject

MASTER OF DENTAL SURGERY (M.D.S) IN

PROSTHODONTICS.

4.

5.

Date of Admission to course

Title of the topic

11-06-2012

Evaluation of the effectiveness of two commercially available

denture cleansers on the color stability of two flexible denture
base resins stained with two different beverages-An Invitro
Study.

6.

Brief Resume of the intended work.

6.1 Need for the study.
Flexible denture base material is a nylon based thermoplastic resin that provides excellent esthetics
and comfort. The material being soft and strong can be made thinner and light weight when
compared to the conventional dentures. Flexible dentures have proven as a good treatment option
for complete and partial edentulism.1
Color stability of denture base resin is one of the important criteria for maintaining esthetics. Color
and translucency of denture should be maintained during processing and the resins should not get
stained or change color in clinical use.2
Most materials used for prosthetic treatment are subjected to sorption, a process of absorption and
adsorption of liquids, depending on environmental conditions.3
Flexible dentures tend to absorb the water content and will discolor /stain from intake of fluids,
foods, beverages such as tea, coffee and red wine. The discoloration on flexible denture base resins
due to beverages and food colorants can be effectively removed by denture cleansers.
Dentures can be cleaned mechanically, chemically or through a combination of these. The most
familiar mechanical method of denture cleaning is use of a brush in the presence of hot or cold
water. Chemical methods include use of commercially available denture cleansers in the form of
solutions and tablets.4
Unclean dentures represent both an esthetic and a health concern for the person using them.
Working knowledge of the range of techniques and materials available for cleaning dentures and
keeping them in hygienic state is important.
The Aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of two commercially available brands of
denture cleansers on the color stability of Flexible denture base resins when subjected to a beverage
and a food colorant.
6.2 Review of literature:
1) An investigation was done on cleansing times and cleansing effects of denture base resin plates
adhered curry or coffee by means of five kinds of cleansers. Cleansing effects were evaluated by
measuring changes of both color difference and surface roughness after cleansing by denture
cleansers. Results obtained were as follows; cleansing effects varied with denture cleansers at one
time of cleansing. Though, cleansing effects were recognized on all denture cleansers at five times
of cleansing, On the other hand, curry and coffee attached to denture base resin plates could not be
removed completely with the increase of cleansing times by denture cleansers.5
2) In an in vitro study, seven denture cleansers were evaluated for their mode of action on tea stain
removal from Perspex acrylic resin material. Perspex acrylic resin specimens were stained using a
combination of chlorhexidine and test solution. The study showed that the products containing
alkaline hypochlorite had the highest ability for removing stain together with a bleaching effect.
The results varied when the same denture cleansers were used on the roughened Perspex surface.
Denture cleansing agents containing hypochlorite and boots denture cleaning powder exhibited the

ability to remove stain from the denture base materials most effectively. Irregularities and porosities
present on the denture surface played a major role in reducing the activity of denture cleansing
agents and hence increased stain and plaque retention.6
3) The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects on the surface roughness of 4 different
commercially available chemical cleaning agents (polident, coregatabs, fittydent, Efferdent and
sodium hypochlorite)on denture base materials, There were no significant differences found
between before and after cleaning procedures. Effervescent tablets and sodium hypochlorite
solutions that have been used routinely up to this time, etched the surfaces of the samples.7
4) The influence of denture cleansers on the surface quality of tissue conditioners were evaluated in
this study by determining surface roughness and porosity.Three tissue conditioners(hydro-cast,srivoseal,visco gel)and three types of denture cleansers(pika-enzyme type),polident(neutral peroxide
type with enzymes)steardent(alkaline peroxide type )were evaluated. The enzyme type of denture
cleansers is most suitable for tissue conditioners in terms of surface quality. The suitable period for
application of the enzyme cleansers would range between 3-7 days.8
5)This study aimed to evaluate some physical and mechanical properties of one of the
thermoplastic denture base materials which is nylon and heat cured acrylic. The effect of two
prepared denture cleansers(4%oxalic acid,4%tartaric acid) in addition to one commercial denture
cleanser(lacalut dent) for hardness, flexural strength,flexibility,surface roughness and color stability
of nylon and conventional heat cured acrylic resin was observed.It was concluded that there were
adverse effect on the prepared denture cleanser. Lacalut dent which is an oxygenating commercial
denture cleanser had no adverse effects on both polymers used in the study, therefore it can be used
safely.9

6.3 Objectives of the study.

1. To evaluate the efficacy of denture cleansers on the color stability of two different flexible
denture base resins on polished surfaces of the specimen subjected to a beverage and a food
colorant.
2. To evaluate the efficacy of denture cleansers on the color stability of two different flexible
denture base resins on unpolished surfaces of the specimen subjected to a beverage and a
food colorant.
3. To compare the efficacy/effectiveness of two denture cleansers on polished and unpolished
surfaces of each type of stained flexible denture base resins.

MATERIALS AND METHODS:

7.1 Source of data:
1)Two commercially available Flexible denture base materials;
1)Valplast material (A)
2)D-Flex(B)
2)Two commercially available Denture Cleansers;
1)Valclean-Type1
2)Fitty dent-Type2
3)Equipment required;
spectrophotometer
7.2 Methods of collection of data
Two brands of Flexible denture base acrylic resins will be chosen for testing the color stability. Test
samples will be in the form of discs of size 1.5mm in diameter and 2mm in thickness. Materials
will be processed according to manufacturers directions. A total of 30 specimens will be fabricated
for each type of material. One surface of each sample will be well polished, While the other surface
is left unpolished.
Specimens for each type of denture base resin will be divided into 3 test groups-TYPE A;
VALPLAST
Test group
No.of samples in each group Test solution
Group1A
10
Control distilled water
Group2A
10
Tea
Group3A
10
Yellow food colorant

The above specimens will be stained for a period of 1mth and 3mth respectively.

The stained specimens from Group A will then be immersed in two commercially available denture
cleansers; for
1day,2day and 7 day ;over a soaking period of 30 minutes per day.
Test group
Group1A
Group2A
Group3A

Type1-valclean
5 specimens
5specimens
5specimens

Type-2 fittydent
5 specimens
5specimens
5 specimens

Distribution of Type B-Dflex Flexible denture base resin.

Test group
Group1B
Group2B
Group3B

No.of samples
in each group
10
10
10

Test solution
Control distilled water
Tea
Yellow food colorant

The specimens will be stained for a period of 1mth and 3mth respectively.

Similiarly the stained specimens of Group B will also be immersed in two commercially available
denture cleansers; for 1day,2day and 7day ;over a soaking period of 30 minutes per day.
Test group
Group1B
Group2B
Group3B

Type1-valclean
5specimens
5specimens
5specimens

Type2-Fittydent
5specimens
5specimens
5specimens

A Spectrophotometer will be used to record the color stability of stained specimens.

Color measurements will be recorded on both polished and unpolished surfaces periodically at 1
mth,3 mths respectively.
Prior to recording the color, all specimens will be removed from the test solutions and rinsed in
distilled water.
Recordings will then be made for all 30 samples of each material and the average color change will
be determined periodically for 1mth and 3mth respectively.
The mean and standard deviation of the color change on two resin material for each staining
solution will be calculated.
The stained specimen samples will later be immersed in commercially available denture cleansers
and the efficacy of denture cleansers will be observed on the stained specimen samples at time
intervals of 1day, 2day and 7 day over a soaking period of 30 minutes per day respectively,using
spectrophotometer.
The results will be statistically analysed using ANOVA(analysis of variance).

7.3 Does the study require any investigation or intervention to be conducted on patients or
other human or animal? If so, please describe briefly.
Not applicable.
7.4 Has ethical clearance been obtained from your institution in case of 7.5 being applicable?

REFERENCES:
1)Kumar P,Singh V,Kumar A,Singh HP-Flexible dentures: smile for sorrow faces.Eur J.Gen Dent
2012;1:66.
2) Nesrin Anil,Canan Hekimoglu and Saime Sahin-Color stability of Heat-Polymerised and
Autopolymerised soft denture liners.J Prosthet Dent 1999;81:481-4.
3)Vygandas Rutkunas,Vaidotas Sabaliauskas andHiroshi Mizutani:Dental Materials Journal
2010;29(2):167-176.
4)Jagger DC,Harrison A,Denture Cleansing-The best approach Br Dent J.1995;178:413-417.
5)ShiotaYoji,Masahiro,Hirano Susumu,SatoYoshinori,NishiyamaMinoru.A study on denture
cleansers,cleansing time and effects of denture cleanser.Japanese Journal of Dental Practice
Administration 2000;35:256-267.
6)JaggerDc,Al-Akhazam L,HarrisonA,ReesJs The effectiveness of seven denture cleansers on tea
stain removal from PMMA acrylic resin.IntJP 2002 nov-dec;15(6):549-52.
7) Effect of different denture cleansers on surface roughness of denture base materials. Clinical
Dentistry and research 2011;35(2):14:20
8) Compatibility of tissue conditioners and denture cleansers: Influence on surface conditions.
Dental Materials Journal 2010;29(4):446-453
9)Effect of different denture cleanser solutions on some mechanical properties of nylon and acrylic
denture base materials.JBagh college dentistry vol23(special issue).

Signature of the candidate

10.

Remarks of the guide

11.

Name and designation of Guide (in block letters)

DR M. MITHA SHETTY, M.D.S
READER,
DEPARTMENT OF PROSTHODONTICS ,
CROWN AND BRIDGE AND IMPLANTOLOGY
D.A.P.M.R.V DENTAL COLLEGE AND HOSPITAL, BANGALORE

11.2
Signature of the Guide

11.3
Co-Guide (if any)

11.4
Signature of the
Co-guide

11.5
Head of the Department

DR N. KALAVATHY, M.D.S
PROFESSOR & HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT,
DEPARTMENT OF PROSTHODONTICS ,
CROWN AND BRIDGE AND IMPLANTOLOGY
D.A.P.M.R.V
BANGALORE

11.6
Signature of Head of the
Department

DENTAL

COLLEGE

AND

HOSPITAL,

12.

Remarks

12.1
Chairman

12.2
Principal

Dr.DINESH M.R,MDS,
PRINCIPAL,
D.A.P.M.R.VDENTALCOLLEGE
BANGALORE

12.3
Signature

AND

HOSPITAL,