2

DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN FOR OYU TOLGOI-GASHUUN SUKHAIT ROAD.
Rev.2
Oyu Tolgoi LLC
No. A2MW-6310-00-0012
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

"OYU TOLGOI-GASHUUN SUKHAIT"
ROAD PROJECT.
SECTION-1200 ASPHALT AND MACADAM PAVEMENT
WORKS.
REV
Rev. 0
Rev. 1
Rev. 2
DATE
22FEB11
01MAR11
09NOV11
REVISION DESCRIPTION
Issued For Construction
"MCPCgr" LLC
TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION
12-1
Rev.2
SECTION 1200 ASPHALT AND MACADAM PAVEMENT WORKS

1201
SCOPE OF SECTION
12-4
1202
SCOPE OF PART A
12-4
1203
BITUMINOUS BINDER SPECIFICATIONS
12-4
1204
BITUMINOUS BINDER STORAGE AND HANDLING
12-4
1205
HEATING OF BITUMINOUS BINDER
12-4
1206
ADHESION AGENT
12-5
1207
LIMITATIONS TO CONSTRUCTION
12-5
1208
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
12-5
1209
MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT - PART A
12-5
1210
DEFINITIONS
12-6
1211
MATERIALS FOR PRIME COAT AND TACK COAT
12-6
1212
PREPARATION OF SURFACE
12-6
1213
SPRAYING OF PRIME COAT AND TACK COAT
12-7
1214
TEMPERATURES OF APPLICATION
12-7
1215
CURING AND BLINDING OF PRIME COAT
12-8
1216
TOLERANCES
12-8
1217
MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT- PART B
12-8
(a) Item: Prime coat or tack coat
12-8
1218
DEFINITIONS
12-9
1219
MATERIALS FOR ASPHALT CONCRETE
12-9
(a) Penetration grade bitumen
12-9
(b) Aggregate
12-9
(c) Mineral filler
12-9
1220 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND GRADING REQUIREMENTS
12-10
1221
CONTRACTOR'S EQUIPMENT
12-11
(a) General
12-11
(b) Mixing plant
12-11
(c) Laying equipment
12-11
(d) Compaction equipment
12-11
1222
12-12
1223
DESIGN OF ASPHALT AND MACADAM MIXES
12-12
12-2
Rev.2
1224
SITE TRIALS
12-13
1225
MIXING OF ASPHALT CONCRETE
12-14
1226
LAYING THE MIXTURE
12-15
1227
COMPACTION OF THE MIXTURE
12-15
1228
FINISHING, JOINTS AND EDGES
12-17
1229
SAMPLING AND TESTING OF BITUMINOUS MIXTURES
12-17
1230
QUALITY CONTROL TESTING
12-18
1231
TOLERANCES
12-19
1232
MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT - PART C
12-20
(a) Item : Asphalt concrete and macadam pavement
12-20
(b) Item : Variation in binder content
12-21
12-3
DETAIL ENGINEERING DESIGN FOR OYU TOLGOI-GASHUUN SUKHAIT ROAD
1201
Rev.2
SCOPE OF SECTION
This Section covers the application of different bituminous binders and aggregates to
road surfaces and asphaltic concrete and macadam. This Section is divided into the
following parts:
PART A
General
PART B
Prime Coat and Tack Coat
PART C
Asphalt Concrete and macadam pavement
PART A GENERAL
1202
SCOPE OF PART A
Part A comprises all the general requirements for bituminous binder and aggregates.
1203
BITUMINOUS BINDER SPECIFICATIONS

All bituminous binders shall comply with the relevant requirements set out in Section
200 of this Specification.
1204
BITUMINOUS BINDER STORAGE AND HANDLING

If bituminous binders should be carried in bulk containers, the Contractor shall keep
records, in a manner acceptable to the Engineer, of binder temperature and binder
quantity against time for each trip. Any bituminous binder which fails to meet the
requirements of Clause 1205 of this Specification may be rejected by the Engineer as
unsuitable for use in the Works.
The Contractor shall keep the bitumen storage area and heating station neat and tidy.
The storage area shall be cleared of vegetation. Drums shall be stacked on their sides
in small quantities with sufficient gaps between stacks to minimize the risk of fire.
Bitumen distributors and boilers shall be kept clean at all times. When the grade of
bitumen is to be changed and at the end of each day's work, all boilers and distributors
shall be thoroughly cleaned out with an approved solvent. The flushings from boilers
and distributors shall be led via lined drainage channels to purpose built sumps. The
Contractor shall ensure that such flushings do not pollute stormwater ditches or
streams or underground water sources. The Contractor shall empty the sumps
periodically and dispose of the flushings in a safe manner to the approval of the
Engineer. Upon completion of the Works the Contractor shall remove the sumps and
drains and reinstate all such areas to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
The Contractor shall keep all boilers, pre-heating pits, tools and equipment
scrupulously clean.
When the bitumen distributor is filled from either boilers or bulk containers, the bitumen
shall be passed through a fine wire gauze filter.
If bituminous binder should be transported by railway, care should be taken to avoid
any contamination of rails, pillows and other parts by bitumen and to keep them clean
at all times to ensure safety of traffic.
1205
HEATING OF BITUMINOUS BINDER

During storage the temperature of the bituminous binder shall be kept as low as
possible, consistent with a suitable viscosity for pumping.
12-4
Rev.2
The Contractor shall only heat bituminous binder in boilers or bulk storage containers
that are equipped with compatible pumps and accurate thermometers. Bituminous
binders shall not be heated in a boiler with a broken or inaccurate thermometer.
For slot-jets the viscosity for spraying shall be 70 to 100 centistokes and for atomizing
jet 35 to 65 centistokes.
No penetration grade bitumen to be incorporated in the Works shall be heated above a
temperature of 170 C. If any bitumen should be overheated it shall be removed from
the Site and disposed of by the Contractor.
The rates of application of binder specified or instructed by the Engineer refer to
volumes of binder corrected to 15.6 C using the Standard Petroleum Measurement
Table (ASTM D 1250).
1206
ADHESION AGENT
An adhesion agent may be proposed to be added to the macadam to improve binding
properties of bitumen. The adhesion agent and the amount to be added shall be to the
approval of the Engineer and the application shall be in accordance with the
manufacturer's instructions.
1207
LIMITATIONS TO CONSTRUCTION
The Contractor shall not carry out bituminous construction work in adverse weather
conditions or when proscribed by the Engineer.
Bituminous material shall not be applied to wet or frozen surfaces or when weather
conditions otherwise prevent the proper handling and finishing of the mixture. Provided
that the Engineer may otherwise instruct surfaces to be damped prior to the application
of bitumen emulsions and certain types of prime coat.
The Contractor shall only place bituminous material when both the ambient
temperatures and road surface temperatures are greater than 10 C and rising and the
wind velocity is less than 36 km/hr.
1208
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
The Contractor shall take all necessary precautions to avoid fire. The Contractor shall
ensure that his operations in respect of bituminous construction work are not
hazardous to the health and safety of the public or his labour. In particular the
Contractor shall ensure that:
(a) bitumen is heated only to the temperature required for the particular application,
(b) hot bitumen does not come in contact with water,
(c) suitable protective clothing, footwear and gloves are used when handling hot
bitumen, and,
(d) dust is reduced to a minimum,
(e) the hot bins and containers with bitumen are covered tightly, if bitumen is stored in
open sheds, fence steel wire net are erected to avoid access of livestock and animals
thereto.
1209
MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT - PART A

No separate measurement and payment shall be made for complying with the
requirements of Clauses 1201 to 1208 inclusive of this Specification. The Contractor
shall be deemed to have allowed in his rates in Parts B, C, and D of Section 1200 of
this Specification for the costs of complying with the requirements of Part A of Section
1200 of this Specification.
12-5
Rev.2
PART B - PRIME COAT AND TACK COAT

1210
DEFINITIONS
A prime coat is an application of low viscosity bituminous binder to an absorbent
non-bituminous surface.
A tack coat is a light application of bituminous binder to a bituminous or concrete
surface.
1211
MATERIALS FOR PRIME COAT AND TACK COAT

The binder for prime coat shall be MC-30 or MC-70 cutback bitumen, conforming to the
requirements of AASHTO M82, sprayed at a rate of between 0.8-1.4 l/m2 or as
otherwise instructed by the Engineer. Bitumen emulsions shall not be used for prime
coats. The depth of penetration of the prime coat shall be between 3-10 mm.
Penetration of the prime coat shall be such that the surface is dry within 24 hours. If the
Contractor should propose to traffic his equipment over the prime coat or it is to be
trafficked by the public, it shall first be protected with a suitable layer of blinding
material.
Blinding material shall be applied on prime coat and shall consist of clean fine
aggregate, sand, or crusher dust free from organic, clayey or other harmful material.
The grading of blinding material shall be in accordance with AASHTO M43, Size
Number 10 or as otherwise instructed by the Engineer.
The binder for tack coat shall be either:
(a) a penetration grade bitumen applied hot immediately prior to laying the asphalt
concrete and macadam layer sprayed at a rate of 0.3 l/m2 ,
(b) a medium curing cutback, applied at sufficient time before laying the asphalt
concrete and macadam layer to allow the evaporation of the solvent sprayed at a
rate to give 0.2 l/m2 of residual bitumen.
Unless otherwise instructed by the Engineer, the diesel fuel can be used as a solvent.
The appropriate grading of binder and solvent to be used in tack coat and prime coat
shall be tested by the Contractor in laboratory and checked by the Engineer. Then after
site trial of selected grade the Contractor can apply the binder subject to prior approval
of the Engineer.
The Contractor shall keep a record showing temperature of binder at time of
application, grading of ingredients, location of application etc. at all times during the
placement of prime coat and tack coat. Such records shall be signed by the
Contractors and the Engineers concerned persons.
1212
The Contractor shall thoroughly clean the surface to be sprayed by sweeping with
mechanical brooms and/or washing or other approved means. All laitance of soil and
loose and foreign material shall be removed.
All loose material shall be swept clear of the Works to expose the full width of the layer.
The surface to be sprayed shall be checked for line, camber and level, and the surface
corrected, made good as necessary and approved by the Engineer before any
bituminous spray is applied. Immediately prior to the commencement of all bituminous
spraying operations the Contractor shall request the Engineer's approval of the surface
to be sprayed.
12-6
Rev.2
Upon receipt of the Engineer's clearance to proceed and immediately prior to the
application of the prime coat, the complete surface of the layer shall be lightly and
evenly sprayed with water. Ponding or saturation of the layer shall be avoided. Water
shall be applied to the surface in small increments in order to achieve the required
condition. Any water remaining on the surface shall be allowed to drain away before
the prime coat is applied.
1213
SPRAYING OF PRIME COAT AND TACK COAT

As soon as practical after the surface preparation as specified in Clause 1212 has
been carried out to the approval of the Engineer, the prime or tack coat shall be
sprayed at the specified rate. Spraying shall be carried out not later than 4 hours after
the surface preparation has been approved.
The quantity of binder used shall give complete coverage of the surface with a slight
trace of run-off in places. If the specified spray rate should appear to be incorrect, the
Contractor shall immediately stop spraying and inform the Engineer. The Engineer
shall instruct an amended spray rate.
The edge of the area to be sprayed shall be marked out with a line of string or wire
pegged down al intervals not exceeding 15 m on straights or 7.5 m on curves.
Bitumen shall be sprayed from a constant pressure distributor of minimum capacity
7,000 litres, complying with the requirements of Sub-Clause 1224 (a) of this
Specification. Hand-spraying shall be permitted only at the discretion of the Engineer in
small areas or to make good defective areas such as those caused by a blocked
nozzle.
Nozzles shall be arranged to give a uniform spray and shall be tested prior to spraying
by discharging on to suitable material (such as building paper, metal sheets, etc.,) or
into purpose made troughs. Testing shall not take place on the road, and any bitumen
spilt on the ground shall be cleaned off.
If during spraying, a nozzle becomes blocked or develops a defect, the spraying shall
be immediately stopped. Any area incompletely sprayed shall be made good with a
hand-spray. The machine shall be repaired before further spraying is commenced.
When commencing and stopping spraying, sheets of building paper or metal at least 2
m wide shall be spread across the full width to be sprayed to give a clean sharp edge.
The metal sheets used for stopping and starting work shall be cleaned after each run
and the troughs used for testing shall be cleaned at the end of each day's work.
During spraying all kerbs, road furniture, culvert headwalls, tree boles and the like
which are liable to be disfigured by splashing of bitumen shall be protected, and any
such feature which is accidentally marred by bitumen shall be cleaned off with a
suitable solvent and made good.
1214
TEMPERATURES OF APPLICATION
The minimum pumping temperatures, the range of spraying temperatures, and the
maximum heating temperatures of cut-back bitumens specified for use in the Works
are set out in Table 12-1.
12-7
Rev.2
Table 12-1 Pumping, Spraying and Heating Temperatures of Medium

Curing Cut-back Bitumens
Temperature (C )*
Binder
Minimum for
Pumping
Spraying
Slot Jets
Atomizing Jets
Maximum
Heating
MC30
10
40 - 50
50 - 60
65
MC70
25
55 - 70
65 - 80
85
* These spraying temperatures are for guidance only, the optimum spraying temperature is dependent
upon the temperature/viscosity relationship of the bitumen, climatic conditions and road conditions and
shall be determined by the Contractor subject to the approval of the Engineer. For slot jets the viscosity
for spraying shall be 70 - 100 centistokes, and for atomzsing jets 35 - 60 centistokes.
1215
CURING AND BLINDING OF PRIME COAT

If, after the application of the prime coat, the bituminous material should fail to
penetrate within the time specified in Clause 1211 of this Specification or the road must
be used by traffic, blinding material shall be spread in the amount required to absorb
any excess bituminous material and to protect the primed surface. Blinding material
would be spread in such a manner that no wheel shall travel on uncovered bituminous
material.
All loose material on the sprayed surface, including any blinding material, shall be
removed before any further bituminous binder is sprayed.
1216
TOLERANCES
The rate of application of bituminous binder across the width of each spray run shall not vary by
more than 10% of the rate ordered. The average rate of binder for each single run of the spray
truck shall be at least equal to the instructed rate. Tray tests shall be taken at least once a day
during operations to check calculations based on dipping of spray trucks.
1217
MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT - PART B

(a)
Item :
Prime coat or tack coat
Unit :
m2
The unit of measurement for prime coat or tack coat complying with Clause 1210
to 1216 of these Specifications shall be the square meter. The area of prime coat
or tack coat shall be calculated as the product of the net constructed width and
the plan length instructed measured along the centerline of the road. The net
constructed width of prime coat or tack coat shall be taken as average of widths
measued at every 25m of the length constructed. The area exceeding the
instructed area shall not be subject to payment.
The rate for prime coat or tack coat shall include for the costs of:
providing, hauling and spraying the prime or tack coat at the instructed
application rate,
extending the coat 150 mm each side of the carriageway,
working on steep slopes,
blinding,
complying with the requirements of Sections 200 and 300 of this Specification.
12-8
Rev.2
PART C - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRST LAYER OF THE ASPAHLT

CONCRETE AND SECOND LAYER OF THE MACADAM
1218
DEFINITIONS
Asphalt concrete work shall consists of a surfacing of dense grade hot mixed hot-laid
asphalt concrete, constructed on a primed base course of crushed stone material in
accordance with these Specifications and the lines, grade, dimensions and cross
sections shown in the Drawings. Asphalt concrete first layer shall be laid. The second
layer of the asphalt concrete shall be laid by macadam and no mineral filler shall be
used in mixture of the macadam.
1219
MATERIALS FOR ASPHALT CONCRETE

(a)
Penetration grade bitumen

Binder shall be penetration grade 85/100 and 120/150 straight run bitumen shall
comply with Clause 209 of this Specification.
(b)
Admixture
The Contractor may use an additional binding agent to the bitumen after
approved by the Engineer; if material source does not meet the requirement and
the result of dynamic immerse test shows that less than 70 percent of aggregate
binds with bitumen. The amount of admixture shall be determined by the
laboratory test under Engineers control.
(c)
Aggregate
Coarse aggregate (retained on a 4.75 mm sieve) shall consist of crushed angular
stone free from weathered matter, inclusions, air bubbles, plate-like substances
(e.g. mica), clay, silt, organic matter and other deleterious substances. Rocks
which are highly jointed or fissured in-situ or breaks into platy fragments or have
a polished appearance along the fracture planes shall not be used as aggregate
sources. The minimum size of the stone to be crushed to produce the chippings
shall be at least 4 times the nominal size of the chippings. At least 75% by weight
of the coarse aggregate shall have two or more faces split by the crushing. The
percentage passing the 75 m sieve shall not exceed 0.5% by weight. The
physical characteristics of the aggregate shall comply with the following
requirements.
Los Angeles Abrasion
max.
30%
Sodium Sulphate Soundness
max.
12%
Water Absorption
max.
2%
Flakiness and Elongation Index
max.
30%
Fine aggregate (passing a 4.75 mm sieve) shall consist of clean coarse sand,
crushed gravels or crushed stone screenings entirely produced from stone. It
shall consist of hard, tough grains, free of injurious amounts of clay, loam, mica or
other deleterious substances. The fine aggregate shall have a sand equivalent
value (AASHTO T176) of not less than 50, the plasticity index of the fraction
passing the 425 m sieve shall not exceed 4 and the fine aggregate, when
subjected to five cycles of the soundness test according to AASHTO T104, shall
have a weighted loss not more than 15%.
The Contractor shall take such measures necessary to prevent the segregation
of aggregates in storage heaps. Stockpiles shall be built up in horizontal layers
and shall not exceed 1.5 m in height.
(d)
Mineral filler
12-9
Rev.2
Mineral filler shall consist of finely divided mineral matter such as rock dust,
hydrated lime, hydraulic cement, or other suitable mineral matter approved by
the Engineer. At the time of use, it shall be sufficiently dry to flow freely and
essentially free from agglomerations.
Mineral filler shall be graded within the following limits:
Sieve Size
Mass Percent Passing
0.600 mm
100
0.300 mm
95 to 100
0.075 mm
70 to 100
Mineral filler prepared from rock dust and similar materials shall be essentially
free from micaceous matter, organic matter or other impurities and have a
plasticity index not greater than 4%. Plasticity index limits are not appropriate for
hydraulic lime and cement.
1220
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND GRADING REQUIREMENTS
1. Macadam mixture
Unless otherwise directed by the Engineer, the grading of the mixture of coarse and
fine aggregate and sand filler when combined in the proportions required by the
standard mix formula shall be within and approximately parallel to the grading
envelope given in Table 12-2.
With large amount weathering, soft features and more water absorption stone is
prohibited to use. The maximum coarse aggregate size shall be no more than 37.5
mm.
CNR 85/100 and CNR 90/130 grade bitumen shall be used for mix and bitumen
content shall be 2.5%-6%. Mineral filler should not be used.
The grading limits may be varied, if necessary, at the discretion of the Engineer based
on laboratory test results, Site trails and field experience.
12-2: Grading Requirements of Aggregate for Macadam
Sieve size
Mass percent passing
37.5 mm
100
25.0 mm
90-100
19.0 mm
60-85
13.2 mm
50-75
9.5 mm
40-65
4.75 mm
15-40
2.36 mm
5-22
1.18 mm
2-16
0.6 mm
1-12
0.3 mm
0-10
12-10
0.15 mm
0-8
0.075 mm
0-5
Rev.2
The mixture for macadam shall comply with the requirements given in Table 12-3.
Table 12-3: Physical Properties for Macadam
Main characteristics
Asphalt concrete gradation :
Marshall Stability (N)
No less than 6000
Flow Value (mm)
2-4
Compaction
blows)
level
(number
of 75 blows on each of the two faces of the

specimen
Voids in total mix (%)
5-10
Voids in Aggregate (%)
16-22
Loss of stability on immersion in

water at 60 C (ASTM D1075)
Min. 75% retained strength
The binder content of the standard mix shall initially be proposed by the Contractor and
amended as necessary in consultation with and to the approval of the Engineer
following laboratory and Site trials.
Macadam other requirements shall be the same as requirements of the asphalt
concrete.
2. Asphalt Concrete mixture

Unless otherwise directed by the Engineer, the grading of the mixture of coarse and
fine aggregate and mineral filler when combined in the proportions required by the
standard mix formula shall be within and approximately parallel to the grading
envelope given in Table 12-5.
The grading limits may be varied, if necessary, at the discretion of the Engineer based
on laboratory test results, Site trails and field experience.
Table 12-5: Grading Requirements of Aggregate for Asphalt Concrete

Sieve Size
Mass Percent Passing
19 mm
100
16 mm
73 - 87
9.5 mm
56 - 71
4.75 mm
40 - 55
2 mm
25 - 40
12-11
0.425 mm
10-25
0.075 mm
3-8
Rev.2
The mixture for in-place asphaltic concrete shall comply with the requirements given in
Table 12-6.
Table 12-6: Physical Properties for Asphalt Concrete
Main characteristics
Marshall Stability (N)
Flow Value (mm)
Compaction level (number of blows)
Voids in total mix (%)
Asphaltic Concrete Using Nominal Size

Aggregate of:
3,500 to 8,000
3-5
50 blows on each of the two faces of the
specimen
3-5
Voids in Mineral Aggregate (%)
14 - 16
Loss of stability on immersion in

water at 60 C (ASTM D1075)
Min. 75% retained strength
The binder content of the standard mix shall initially be proposed by the Contractor and
amended as necessary in consultation with and to the approval of the Engineer
following laboratory and Site trials.
1221
CONTRACTOR'S EQUIPMENT
(a)
General
In accordance with Section 100 of this Specification, full details of the Contractor's
equipment and methods proposed to carry out the Permanent Works shall be
submitted by the Contractor to the Engineer.
The Engineer shall at all times have access to Contractor's equipment for the purposes
of inspection. The Contractor shall carry out regular calibration checks in the presence
of the Engineer and shall correct forthwith any faults that are found.
All equipment used in the mixing, laying and compacting of asphalt concrete and
macadam mixes shall be of adequate rated capacity, in good working condition, and
shall be acceptable to the Engineer. No obsolete, worn-out or malfunctioning equipment
shall be used in the Works.
(b)
Mixing plant
The Contractor shall mix bituminous materials in a mixing plant complying with
AASHTO M156, that shall be located on the Site. It shall be equipped with at least three
bins for the storage of heated aggregates and a separate bin for filler. All bins shall be
covered to prevent the ingress of moisture.
The mixing plant shall be the batch-mix type and shall be capable of regulating the
composition of the mixture to within the tolerances specified in Clause 1242 of this
Specification.
The mixing plant shall be equipped with modern computerized control panel
12-12
Rev.2
including the softare for accurate recording of the weights of all mixed materials,
identifying clearly the individual trucks and the weights carried and of all
deliveries of aggregates and bitumen. Such records shall be printable and
accessible to the Engineer and his staff when required. The mixing plant shall be
equipped with a hot bin of capacity of not less than 100 tonnes for storage of hot
mixtures.
The bitumen tank shall be capable of maintaining its contents at the specified
temperature within a tolerance of 5 C and shall be equipped with a thermostat to
prevent the temperature rising above 170 C and a fixed thermometer easily-read from
outside the tank. The Contractor shall remove from the plant and dispose of any
bitumen which has been heated above 170 C or has suffered carbonization from
prolonged heating.
(c)
Laying equipment
The Contractor shall lay asphalt concrete and macadam materials by a self-propelled
spreader finisher equipped with a hopper, delivery augers and a heated adjustable
vibrating screed. It shall be capable of laying bituminous materials to the width not less
than 7m with no segregation, dragging, burning or other defects and within the specified
level and surface regularity tolerances. Laying equipment shall be equipped with
automatic control systems for control of surface levels and crossfalls of the
finished layer. The control system shall be capable to adjust the screed to the
specified cross fall within 1% tolerances. In addition to automatic control
system, the laying equipment shall have manual control system.
(d)
Compaction equipment
The Contractor shall provide sufficient rollers of appropriate types, sizes and weights to
achieve the specified compaction for the asphalt concrete and macadam. Rollers shall
be self-propelled and of steel wheel, pneumatic tyre and vibratory types, including
combinations thereof, capable of reversing without shoving or tearing the mixture. Prior
to laying of asphalt concrete and macadam mixes in the Permanent Works the
Contractor shall carry out Site trials in accordance with Section 200 of this Specification
to demonstrate the adequacy of his plant and to determine the optimum method of use
and sequence of operation of the rollers.
1222
Immediately before placing the bituminous mix in the pavement, the Contractor shall
clean the existing surface of all loose material and foreign matter with mechanical
brooms, high pressure pneumatic jets or other approved means. He shall dispose of
the debris well clear of the surface to be covered.
The Contractor shall make good any defect of the surface, and he shall not lay any
bituminous mix until the surface has been approved by the Engineer.
Tacked or primed surfaces shall be cured prior to the placement of bituminous mixes. The
tack coat shall be applied only as far ahead of the placing of mix as necessary to obtain the
minimum curing period.
The Contractor shall repair damaged areas of tack-coated or primed surfaces before laying
bituminous mixes. Before the Contractor commences the placement of bituminous mixes he
shall apply a tack coat to the surfaces of curbs, gutters and other structures that will be in
contact with the bituminous mix. Irregularities in the surface of the existing pavement or base
shall be corrected. Any raveled, pot-holed, heaved or otherwise damaged areas in base
layers shall be cleanly excavated and replaced before bituminous mixes are placed.
12-13
Rev.2
The Contractor shall seal all longitudinal and transverse joints and cracks with an approved
joint sealing compound or bituminous sealing material before the placement of bituminous
mixes on the existing surface. In all cases, the Contractor shall obtain clearance to proceed
from the Engineer before commencing laying operations.
If the Engineer considers a tack coat is required prior to laying the bituminous mix or
between layers of the bituminous mix solely as a result of delays occurring in the
Contractor's method of working, then such tack coat shall be at the Contractor's
expense.
1223
DESIGN OF ASPHALT CONCRETE AND MACADAM MIXES

Asphalt Concrete shall be composed of a mixture of aggregates, bitumen and mineral
filler as specified. Macadam shall be composed of a mixture of aggregates, bitumen as
specified. A standard mix formula shall be established by the Contractor and approved
by the Engineer for the mixture to be supplied for the Contract. The several aggregate
fractions shall be sized, uniformly graded, and proportioned such that the resulting
mixture meets the grading requirements of the standard mix formula.
The standard mix formula, within specific allowable tolerances, shall be within the
ranges specified for the asphalt mixture and shall establish:
(a)
a single percentage of aggregate passing each specified sieve size,
(b) a single percentage of bitumen and mineral powder to be added to the

aggregate,
(c)
a temperature range within which the mixture is to be mixed,
(d) a recommended temperature range for compaction of the mixture after being
laid.
At least 56 days prior to production, the Contractor shall submit to the Engineer in
writing a standard mix formula for each mixture supported by laboratory test data,
samples, and sources of the components, and asphalt cement viscosity-temperature
relationships for his information and for approval. The Engineer may at his discretion
require more tests to be done, including for alternative mixes, as part of his evaluation
and approval process. The Contractor shall only use the standard mix formula as
approved for the production of bituminous mixture. No modifications to a standard mix
or changes in the nature or source of the constituent materials shall be made without a
written submission by the Contractor to the Engineer detailing the proposed
modifications with relevant supporting data and the subsequent approval of the
Engineer.
If a standard mix formula proves unsatisfactory, a new standard mix formula together
with supporting test data shall be submitted by the Contractor for review and approval
by the Engineer prior to production.
Aggregate shall be conditionally accepted or rejected in the stockpiles at the mixing
plant site. Asphalt shall be conditionally accepted or rejected at the mixing plant. The
plant-mixed material will be tested for conformance with the standard mix after laying
and before compaction.
If the standard mix formula includes additives, their sources shall be approved by the
Engineer. Additives shall be added at the rate determined by the Contractor and approved by
Engineer based on laboratory analysis and laboratory mix design procedures. The rate of
additive addition shall be confirmed by the field laboratory during production. Appropriate
in-line blending or other approved methods for addition of additives to the mixture shall be
used.
12-14
Rev.2
The procedures set out above shall be followed in establishing each new standard mix
formula.
1224
SITE TRIALS
The Contractor shall carry out full-scale laying and compaction trials on all asphalt
pavement materials and treatments proposed for the Permanent Works using the plant
and methods proposed. The trials shall be carried out with the agreement, and under
supervision of the Engineer at locations approved by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall carry out the trials to demonstrate the suitability of his plant,
equipment and work procedures to provide and compact the material to the specified
proportions, density and voids content and to confirm that the other specified
requirements of the completed asphalt pavement and macadam can be achieved.
Each trial area shall be at least 100m long and to the full construction width and depth
for the material. It may form part of the Permanent Works providing it complies with the
requirements of the Specification and is approved by the Engineer. The Contractor
shall remove materials laid during trials from any areas that do not comply with the
Specification.
The Contractor shall allow in his program, pursuant to Sub-Clause 14.1 of the
Conditions of Contract, for conducting Site trials and carrying out the appropriate tests.
The trial of any pavement layer shall be undertaken at least 14 days ahead of the
Contractor proposing to commence full-scale work on that layer.
The Contractor shall compact each section of the trial area over the range of
compactive effort be proposed. He shall record the following data for each level of
compactive effort at each Site trial:
(a)
the composition and grading of the material including the bitumen content, type
and grade of bitumen used,
(b)
the moisture content of aggregate in the asphalt plant hot bins,
(c)
the temperature of the bitumen and aggregate immediately prior to entering the
mixer, and the temperature of the mix on discharge from the mixer, on
commencement of laying, on commencement of compaction and on completion
of compaction,
(d)
the type, size, mass, width of roll, number of wheels, wheel-load, tyre pressures,
frequency of vibration and the number of passes of the compaction equipment,
as appropriate for each roller type,
(e)
the target voids and other target properties of the mix together with the results of
the laboratory tests on the mix,
(f)
the density and voids achieved,
(g)
the compacted thickness of the layer including tolerances achieved,
(h)
any other relevant information required by the Engineer.
The Contractor shall, in the presence of the Engineer, carry out at least eight sets of
tests on each 100 m length of trial section for each level of compactive effort. The Site
trial shall be deemed to be successful if all eight sets of results over the range of
compactive effort proposed by the Contractor meet the specified requirements for the
material. The above data as recorded in the Site trial shall become the agreed basis on
which the particular material shall be provided and processed to achieve the specified
requirements.
If, during the execution of the Works, the construction control tests should indicate that
the requirements for a material are not being consistently met, the Contractor shall
12-15
Rev.2
cease work on that layer and investigate the cause. Such investigations may include
further laboratory and/or Site trials of the material to determine a revised set of criteria
and data that, when approved, shall be the basis on which all subsequent material is
provided and processed to achieve the specified requirements.
Acceptance by the Engineer of a set of data recorded in a Site trial shall not relieve the
Contractor of any of his responsibilities to comply with the requirements of this
Specification.
1225
MIXING OF ASPHALT CONCRETE AND MACADAM

Mixing plants shall conform to AASHTO M156 as modified herein:
(a)
the minimum capacity of the mixing plant shall be 120 t/h (tones per hour),
(b)
the dryer shall be of the rotating drum type capable of heating the aggregates to
the temperatures set forth in this Specification,
(c)
asphalt shall be heated to the specified temperature in approved tanks and

delivered to the mixing plant via insulated pipes such that heat losses are
minimized,
(d)
for batching plants, when dry mixing is required, the minimum dry mixing period
shall be 10 seconds and the minimum wet mixing period shall be 30 seconds,
(e)
the wet mixing period shall not normally exceed 60 seconds,
(f)
batching plants shall have automatic controls that co-ordinate the proportioning,
timing, and discharge of the mixer.
The Contractor shall heat the bitumen so that it can be distributed uniformly and he
shall take care not to overheat it. The temperature of the heated bitumen shall not
exceed
170 C. The maximum continuous storage temperature for bitumen over a 24 hour
period shall not exceed 125 C.
The Contractor shall dry and heat the aggregates so that they are mixed within the
temperature range of 125 C to 165 C. The temperature of the bitumen when mixed
with the aggregate shall lie within the temperature range of 140 C to 160 C and the
difference in temperature between the binder and the aggregate shall at no time
exceed
14 C.
The Contractor shall combine the dried aggregates in the mixer in the amount of each
fraction required to give the specified grading and then introduce bitumen into the
mixer in the amount specified. The materials shall then be mixed until a complete and
uniform coating of the aggregate is obtained.
Asphalt concrete and macadam mixes shall be kept free of contamination and
segregation during transportation. Each load shall be covered with a tightly fitting and
firmly secured canvas or similar covering of sufficient size to overhang the loaded truck
box on all sides. Covers shall be used to protect the mixture from the weather and dust
at all times including during the discharging of the load into the paver. If the covers are
found to have holes or to be torn they shall be replaced immediately. Loads not
properly covered shall be rejected. Trucks used for hauling asphalt mixture shall be
adequately insulated with tight, clean, smooth beds that are free of petroleum oils,
solvents or other materials that adversely affect asphalt mixture. A thin coating of an
approved release agent may be used to prevent the mixture from adhering to the beds.
12-16
Rev.2
The Contractor shall be deemed responsible to ensure that hot mixes are supplied, in
accordance with the specified standard mix formula.
1226
LAYING THE MIXTURE

Immediately after the surface has been prepared and approved, the mixture shall be spread
to line and level by the laying plant without segregation or dragging. The line and level of
laying shall be checked and identified by theodolite to the both sides from centerline. Use of
hand tools with low accuracy such as ordinary rulers for the fixing the level wire will be
prohibited.
The Contractor shall place the mixture in full widths of carriageway unless otherwise
instructed by the Engineer. The compacted thickness of asphaltic concrete layer shall be in
accordance with the requirements of Section 300 of this Specification. The compacted
thickness shall be at least 2.5 times more than maximum size of aggregate.
Self-propelled asphalt pavers shall be used for laying. Pavers shall be capable of spreading
and finishing the asphalt plant-mix material in widths applicable to the typical section and
thickness, elevations, grades and camber shown on the Drawings or instructed by the
Engineer. Prior to start paving operations the screed assembly shall be heated and receiving
hopper and delivery augers are cleaned. If the screed is not heated as required or is not
vibrating, the operation of the paver shall not be permitted.
The paver shall be capable of operating at forward speeds consistent with uniform and
continuous laying of the mixture.
The Contractor shall appoint a competent person to supervise all paving operations,
operation mixing plants correlations between them.
The Contractor shall not operate the paver in a continual stop and start fashion and shall
minimize a number of cross joints.
Automatic controls in the paver shall be backed by manual controls that can be optionally
activated. If the automatic controls fail or malfunction, the equipment may be operated
manually for the remainder of the normal working day, provided that the specified
requirements are met.
If the Contractor fails to obtain and maintain the specified surface tolerance, the paving
operations shall be suspended until satisfactory corrections, repairs or equipment
replacement are made to the satisfaction of the Engineer.
If during the paving operations unqualified mixture such as overheated, with high
content of bitumen, segregated, with below etc. such mixture shall be removed from
the site and disposed.
Hand laying and hand raking of any bituminous material shall generally not be
permitted. Handwork will be allowed in the immediate vicinity of joints and at difficult
corners where the finisher screed cannot reach. The Contractor remains responsible
for the quality of finish in any area which has been hand raked and may be required to
remove the laid asphalt and relay it if the quality of surface is, in the opinion of the
Engineer, markedly inferior to adjacent, acceptable, machine laid surfaces.
1227
COMPACTION OF THE MIXTURE

Immediately after spreading the bituminous mixture, the Contractor shall compact it
thoroughly and uniformly by rolling.
The minimum temperature of the mixture at the commencement of compaction shall be
125oC. The minimum temperature at completion of compaction shall be 90-110oC.
12-17
Rev.2
The Contractor shall roll the layer when the mixture is neither too workable, such that
rolling causes undue displacement or shoving, nor too stiff, offering resistance to the
desired degree of compaction.
The number, weight and type of rollers supplied by the Contractor shall be sufficient to
obtain the required compaction while the mixture is in a workable condition. The
equipment to be used, sequence of rolling operations and number of passes shall be
proven during Site trials and agreed with the Engineer.
Rolling, in compliance with the general procedures outlined below, shall continue until
the layer under compaction has attained the specified requirements.
Prior to commencement of rolling, the fuel delivering system of the roller shall be
properly checked, and repaid if any leakage of the fuel is observed. Also, Drum
watering system shall be in working condition.
Initial rolling with a vibratory steel tandem roller with 6 to 8 tonnes weight shall follow
the laying plant as closely as possible. The roller shall roll every first pass there without
vibration and every other pass back shall be vibrated.
Intermediate rolling with a pneumatic tyred roller with 12 to 16 tonnes width shall follow
immediately upon initial rolling. Final rolling with a 3 steel wheels roller shall be used to
eliminate marks from previous rolling.
The rollers shall be operated with the drive roll nearest the laying plant, at a uniform
speed not exceeding 5 km/h.
Rolling shall normally commence from the outer edge and proceed longitudinally
parallel to the centreline, each pass overlapping the previous pass by one half of the
roller width. On superelevated curves, rolling shall begin at the low side and progress
to the high side. The rollers should not make sharp turns to the sides especially during
initial and intermediate rolling. For the short stops the rollers should move to the
compacted area.
The field density of asphalt concrete layer shall be checked from the average density
of pairs of cores cut through the full thickness of the layer at the frequency indicated in
the Project Quality Control Plan subject to a minimum of 1 pair of cores for each
calendar day that asphaltic concrete work take place.
Asphalt concrete layer shall be compacted to an average field density which shall be
equal to or greater than the specified density and not more than 1 in any consecutive
10 results shall be more than 2% below the specified density.
The specified minimum density of compaction shall be 98% of the density of Marshall
specimens compacted from the approved standard mix. Areas of asphaltic concrete
where the standard of compaction specified above has not been achieved shall be
identified and further pairs of cores shall be taken and tested.
Where the average density of compaction of such an area is greater than 1% below the
specified minimum density, the Contractor shall forthwith remove the asphaltic
concrete and replace it with asphaltic concrete complying with the specified
requirements.
It is strictly prohibited to charge construction equipment with fuel in any area of asphalt
concrete pavement. Sharp turn of the roller shall be prohibited in any rolling operations.
The Contractor shall keep roller wheels and drums lightly moistened with water to
prevent adhesion of the mixture to the rollers. The water shall not contain any
chemicals neither using the diesel fuel instead of water will not be permitted.
In areas too small for rollers, a vibrating plate compactor may be used to achieve the
specified compaction.
12-18
1228
Rev.2
FINISHING, JOINTS AND EDGES

The Contractor shall remove any mixture that becomes loose or broken, mixed with dirt
or foreign matter, or is in any way defective, and replace it with fresh hot mixture
compacted to conform to the surrounding area.
The Contractor shall spread the mixture in a continuous operation. Where the mixture
is to be placed against previously placed bituminous material he shall form transverse
joints by cutting neatly in a straight line across the previous face to expose the full
depth of the course. The vertical face so formed shall be heated with a propane joint
heater and painted lightly with hot 85/100 and 120/150 penetration grade bitumen
immediately prior to the new mixture being place against it. The paver shall be
positioned to spread material overlapping the joint face by 20 to 30 mm.
After positioning the paver, the hot mixture pulled out by delivering augers shall be left
on the edge of previously placed bituminous surface for 5 to 10 minutes and then the
paver shall start paving. The excess mixture on joint area shall be raked off and
discarded. The joints shall be spread by the mixture with fine aggregate and carefully
leveled by hand and immediately compacted by a roller.
The finish at joints shall comply with the surface requirements and shall present the
same uniformity of finish, texture and density as other sections of the surface.
If during paving operations segregation of aggregate occurred The Contractor shall
take hot mixture and sift it through a small sized sieve on the segregated surface, then
level it with wooden plate and compact it by a roller.
1229
SAMPLING AND TESTING OF ASPHALT CONCRETE AND MACADAM

MIXTURES
The Contractor shall carry out sampling in accordance with AASHTO T168.
1230
QUALITY CONTROL TESTING

During mixing and laying of bituminous materials the Contractor shall carry out control tests
on the constituents and on the mixed material in accordance with his Project Quality
Control Plan, Clause 1240 and Section 200 of this Specification.
If the results of any tests show a trend towards the constituent materials failing to comply
with the Specification, the Contractor shall identify whatever changes are necessary to the
materials and work procedure to ensure compliance, and obtain the Engineer's approval
before implementing such changes.
If the results of more than one test in ten successive tests on the mixed material show that
the material fails to comply with the Specification, the Contractor shall immediately cease
laying operations until he has identified and corrected the reason for the failure. The
Contractor shall at his own cost remove all faulty material and replace it with material
complying with this Specification.
1231
TOLERANCES
The Contractor shall construct surfacing courses and base courses within the
geometric tolerances specified in Section 300 of this Specification.
The Contractor shall maintain the composition of the mixture as determined from the
standard mix and Site trials within the tolerances, per single test, set out in Table 12-4.
12-19
Rev.2
Table 12-4: Tolerances for Asphalt concrete and Macadam Mixes

Constituent
Tolerance
Bitumen content
0.3% by total weight of total mix
Passing 4.75 mm and larger sieves
6% by total weight of dry aggregate

including mineral filler
Passing 2.36 mm to 0.15 mm sieves

Passing 75 m sieves

Mixture temperature
10 C
The average amount of bitumen in any length of the layer, calculated as the product of
the bitumen contents obtained from single test and the weight of mixture represented
by each test, shall not be less than the amount instructed.
The average amount of bitumen for each day's production calculated from the check
weights of mixes shall not be less than the amount instructed.
The final average overall width of the upper surface of a bituminous mix layer
measured at six equidistant points over a length of 100 m shall be not less than the
width specified. At no point shall the distance between the centreline of the road and
the edge of the upper surface of a bituminous mix layer be narrower than that specified
by more than 10 mm.
1232
MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT - PART C

(a)
Item :
ASPHALT CONCRETE AND MACADAM PAVEMENT
Unit :
m3
The unit of measurement for pavement layers shall be the cubic metre measured
compacted on the road. The volume of asphalt concrete surfacing shall be
calculated as the product of the compacted cross sectional area shown on the
Drawings or instructed by the Engineer and the plan length of asphalt concrete
instructed to be laid measured along the centreline of the road.
The rate for asphalt concrete surfacing and macadam shall include the costs of:
supplying, heating and mixing aggregates and binder,
supplying and mixing mineral filler,
supplying and mixing additives, if necessary,
variations in the quantities of aggregates and filler,
variations in the quantities of additives,
preparation of the surface to receive the surfacing,
working on steep gradients,
all necessary hauls,
12-20
Rev.2
laying the heated mixture to the specified compacted thickness,
rolling,
achieving the specified surface finish, and,
complying with all the requirements of Parts A and D of Section 1200 of this
Specification.
The rate for asphalt concrete surfacing shall also include for the costs of:
establishment and operation of crushing and screening equipment,
quarry operations,
land acquisition, compensation and fees,
reinstatement of quarries on completion,
complying with all the requirements of Sections 100, 200, 300 and 600 of this
Specification.
b)
Item :
Unit :
Variation in binder content

l (litre)
The binder content of asphalt concrete and macadam mixtures shall be

determined in accordance with Clause 1245 of this Specification. For the
purposes of pricing, the Contractor shall be deemed to have included in his rates
and prices for asphalt concrete mixtures, a nominal binder content of 5.5%.
The unit of measurement of variation in binder content shall be the litre. The
method of measurement of variation of binder content shall be as follows:
(i)
calculate the difference between the nominal 5.5% binder content and that
of the approved standard mix,
(ii) calculate the volume of the asphalt concrete concerned in accordance with
Sub-Clause 1248 (a) of this Specification,
(iii) using the specified minimum density in accordance with Clause 1245 of this
Specification and (ii) above, calculate the mass of asphalt concrete
concerned,
(iv) take the product of (i) and (iii) above to determine the mass of the variation in
binder content,
(v) convert the mass of bitumen determined in (iv) above to litres using the
density stated on the manufacturers certificate,
(vi) correct this volume in litres to 15.6 C using the Standard Petroleum
Measurement Table (ASTM D 1250).
Adjustment to the Contractor's payment shall be either of the following as
applicable:
a payment to the Contractor when the binder content in the standard mix is
greater than the 5.5% nominal binder content,
a refund to the Employer when the binder content in the standard mix is less
than the 5.5% nominal binder content.
12-21
Rev.2
No. A2MW-6310-00-0012
-
ABTO 3AMbIH
-1200
.
REV
Rev. 0
Rev. 1
Rev. 2
DATE
22FEB11
01MAR11
09NOV11
REVISION DESCRIPTION
MCPCgr

12-1
Rev.2
1200

1201
12-4
1202
12-4
1203
12-5
1204
12-5
1205
12-5
1206
12-6
1207
12-6
1208
12-6
1209
12-6
1210
12-7
1211
12-7
1212
12-7
1213
12-8
1214
12-9
1215
12-9
1216
12-9
1217
12-10
(a) :
12-10
1218
12-11
1219
1220
(a)
12-11
()
12-11
()
12-11
1221
12-12
12-13
(a)
12-13
()
12-13
()
12-13
12-2
Rev.2
()
12-15
1222
12-16
1223
12-17
1224
12-18
1225
12-18
1226
12-19
1227
12-19
1228
12-20
1229
12-21
1230
12-22
1231
12-22
1232
12-23
(a) :

() :
12-23
12-24
12-3
1201
Rev.2

. . :
A

A
1202
1203

200-
.
1204
,

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.
1205-
.
,
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12-4
Rev.2
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1205

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70- 100 35 65
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1700-
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15.o C-
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1209
Rev.2
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1200-
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12-6
Rev.2

1210

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.
1211

AASHTO M82
MC-30 MC-70 .
0.8-1.4 /2
.
.
24
3-10 .
,
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10- .
:
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0.3 /2 ,
;
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1212

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12-7
Rev.2
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12-8
1214
Rev.2

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12-1- .
12-1
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(C )*
MC30
10
40 - 50
50 60
65
MC70
25
55 - 70
65 80
85
* .
, ,

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1215
,
1211-

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.

.

.
1216

+
10% - .

.

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12-9
1217
Rev.2

(a)
:
: 2
1210-1216-
.

.
20-25 ,
.
.
.
:
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150 ,
,
,
200 300-
.
12-10
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1218
Rev.2

,
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1219
MATE
(a)
209- 85/100
120/150 .
()
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(AASHTO T176) 50- , 0.425
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5
15% .

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12-11
Rev.2
1.5 .
()

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0.600
100
0.300
95 - 100
0.075
70 - 100

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4%- .
1220
1. .
,

12-2- .
,
. 37.5-
.
85/100, 90/130
2.5%-6% . .

.
12-2:

37.5
100
25.0
90-100
19.0
60-85
13.2
50-75
9.5
40-65
4.75
15-40
2.36
5-22
12-12
1.18
2-16
0.6
1-12
0.3
0-10
0.15
0-8
0.075
0-5
Rev.2
12-3-
.
12-3:

Ma (N)
6000
()
2-4
75
(%)
5-10
(%)
16-22
60C
75% -
(ASTM D1075)

.

.
2.
,

12-5- .

.
12-5:

19
100
12-13
16
73 87
9.5
56 71
4.75
40 55
2.0
25 - 40
0.425
10-25
0.075
3-8
Rev.2
12-6- .
12-6:

Ma (N)
3,500 - 8,000
()
35
( )
50
(%)
35
(%)
14 16
60 C
75% -
(ASTM D1075)

.
1221

(a)
100-

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12-14
Rev.2
SHTO 156
.
3- , 1
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1242-
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100 -
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5 ,
170C-

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12-15
Rev.2

1200-
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12-16
1223
Rev.2
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1224

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12-17
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1225

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AASHTO M156
. :
(a)
120 /
()
12-18
Rev.2
()
()
10- , 30-
,
()
60
,
()
,
.
.
170 C- . 24
125 C
.
125-165
.
140 C - 160 C .
14 - .

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1226

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12-19
Rev.2
.
300-
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1227

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125oC,
90-110oC .
,

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12-20
Rev.2

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.
6-8 ,
.
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12-16
3
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5 - .

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50-100
.

,

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.

10 1- 2-
.
,
98%-
.
.
1%-

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.
12-21
Rev.2
.

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.

.
1228
,
,

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130/200

.
20-30
.

5-10
.

.
.

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.
1229

AASHTO T168 .
1230

200, 1239-
.

.
10

.
.
12-22
1231
Rev.2

300-
.

12-4-
.
12-4:

0.3%
4.75

6%
2.36 - 0.15

4%
0,075 -
2%

10 C

,
.

.
100 6
.
10-
.
1232

(a)
.

.

. :
, , ,
, ,
12-23
, ,
Rev.2
1200- ,
.
. :
, ,
,
, ,
,
100, 200, 300 600-
,
)

1231-
.

5.5%- .
.
. :
(i)
5.5%-
,
(ii) 1243- ()
,
(iii) (ii) 1231-
,
(iv) (i) (iii)
,
(v)
(iv) ,
(vi)
(ASTM D 1250)- 15.6 C- .
12-24
Rev.2

. :
5.5%-
,
5.5%-
.
12-25

2

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DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN FOR OYU TOLGOI-GASHUUN SUKHAIT ROAD.

Oyu Tolgoi LLC

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATION FOR

DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN FOR OYU TOLGOI-GASHUUN SUKHAIT ROAD.

SECTION 1200 ASPHALT AND MACADAM PAVEMENT WORKS

BITUMINOUS BINDER SPECIFICATIONS

BITUMINOUS BINDER STORAGE AND HANDLING

HEATING OF BITUMINOUS BINDER

MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT - PART A

MATERIALS FOR PRIME COAT AND TACK COAT

SPRAYING OF PRIME COAT AND TACK COAT

CURING AND BLINDING OF PRIME COAT

MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT- PART B

(a) Item: Prime coat or tack coat

MATERIALS FOR ASPHALT CONCRETE

(a) Penetration grade bitumen

(c) Mineral filler

1220 PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND GRADING REQUIREMENTS

(b) Mixing plant

(c) Laying equipment

(d) Compaction equipment

DESIGN OF ASPHALT AND MACADAM MIXES

DETAILED ENGINEERING DESIGN FOR OYU TOLGOI-GASHUUN SUKHAIT ROAD.

MIXING OF ASPHALT CONCRETE

LAYING THE MIXTURE

COMPACTION OF THE MIXTURE

FINISHING, JOINTS AND EDGES

SAMPLING AND TESTING OF BITUMINOUS MIXTURES

QUALITY CONTROL TESTING

MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT - PART C

(a) Item : Asphalt concrete and macadam pavement

(b) Item : Variation in binder content

DETAIL ENGINEERING DESIGN FOR OYU TOLGOI-GASHUUN SUKHAIT ROAD

Prime Coat and Tack Coat

Asphalt Concrete and macadam pavement

BITUMINOUS BINDER SPECIFICATIONS

BITUMINOUS BINDER STORAGE AND HANDLING

HEATING OF BITUMINOUS BINDER

DETAIL ENGINEERING DESIGN FOR OYU TOLGOI-GASHUUN SUKHAIT ROAD

MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT - PART A

DETAIL ENGINEERING DESIGN FOR OYU TOLGOI-GASHUUN SUKHAIT ROAD

PART B - PRIME COAT AND TACK COAT

MATERIALS FOR PRIME COAT AND TACK COAT

DETAIL ENGINEERING DESIGN FOR OYU TOLGOI-GASHUUN SUKHAIT ROAD

SPRAYING OF PRIME COAT AND TACK COAT

DETAIL ENGINEERING DESIGN FOR OYU TOLGOI-GASHUUN SUKHAIT ROAD

Table 12-1 Pumping, Spraying and Heating Temperatures of Medium

CURING AND BLINDING OF PRIME COAT

MEASUREMENT AND PAYMENT - PART B

Prime coat or tack coat

DETAIL ENGINEERING DESIGN FOR OYU TOLGOI-GASHUUN SUKHAIT ROAD

PART C - GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR FIRST LAYER OF THE ASPAHLT

MATERIALS FOR ASPHALT CONCRETE

Penetration grade bitumen

Los Angeles Abrasion

Sodium Sulphate Soundness

Flakiness and Elongation Index

DETAIL ENGINEERING DESIGN FOR OYU TOLGOI-GASHUUN SUKHAIT ROAD

Mass Percent Passing

PHYSICAL PROPERTIES AND GRADING REQUIREMENTS

Mass percent passing

DETAIL ENGINEERING DESIGN FOR OYU TOLGOI-GASHUUN SUKHAIT ROAD

Asphalt concrete gradation :