QUESTION:

A communications engineer at IBM Zuerich Research Laboratory who developed an

encoding technique called Trellis Code Modulation (TCM), which combines encoding
and modulation to reduce the probability of error.

ANSWER:
Dr. Gottfried Ungerboeck

Reference: Electronics Communications Systems
Wayne Tomasi, p. 391


QUESTION:
Is a registered trademark of Varian Associates which is a hybrid combination of klystron
driver and travelling wave tube output section in tandem in the same envelope.

ANSWER:
Twystron

Reference: Electronic Communication System by Kenedy page 411


QUESTION:
Cavity magnetron, like the klystron, causes electrons to bunch. This is an important
effect known as ___________.

ANSWER:
Phase-focussing effect

Reference: Electronic Communication System by Kenedy page 395


QUESTION:
The WARC was a technical conference of the International Telecommunications Union
(ITU) which provides satellite frequency assignments. WARC stands for ____________.

ANSWER:
World Administrative Radio Conference

Reference: Electronics Communications Systems
Wayne Tomasi, p. 1054





QUESTION:
XMODEM is the first file transfer protocol designed to facilitate transferring data
between two personal computers (PCs) over the public switched telephone network. It
was developed in 1979 by a man named _________________.

ANSWER:
Ward Christiansen

Reference: Electronics Communications Systems
Wayne Tomasi, p. 943



QUESTION:
___________ is a wireless networking scheme that competes with both 802.11 and
bluethooth schemes. It uses frequency hopping and spread spectrum communication at
2.4GHz and is intended for small home networks.

ANSWER:
HomeRF

Reference: Electronics Communications Systems
Roy Blake, p. 870


QUESTION:
Determine the fade margin for the following conditions: Distance between sites,
D=50km; Frequency, f=1.8GHz; very dry mountainous terrain and a reliability of
99.9999%

ANSWER:
36.25db

SOLUTION:
F
m
= 30logD + 10log(6ABf) 10log9=(1-R) 70
where: D - distance in kilometre
A - roughness factor
0.25 for mountainous terrain
B factor to convert a worst-month probability to an annual probability
0.125 for very dry mountainous terrain
R reliability expressed in decimal
F frequency in Gigahertz

F
m
= 30log(50) + 10log(6x0.25x0.125x1.8) 10log9=(1-.999999) 70
F
m
= 36.25dB


Reference: Electronics Communications Systems
Wayne Tomasi, p. 628-629


QUESTION:
A fiber is rated as having a bandwidth-distance product of 500kHz-km. Find the rise
time of a pulse in a 5km length of this cable.

ANSWER:
5000ns

SOLUTION:
D = 500/Bl
Where D pulse spreading constant in ns/km
Bl Bandwidth-distance product in Mhz-km
D = 500/(0.500Mhz)
D = 1000ns/Km

T
RT
= D x l
Where I = length of the cable
T
RT
= 1000ns/km x 5km
T
RT
= 5000ns


Reference: Electronics Communications Systems
Roy Blake, p. 924


QUESTION:
For a 2m diameter parabolic reflector with 10W of power radiated by the feed
mechanism operating at 6GHz with a transmit antenna efficiency of 55% and an
aperture efficiency of 45%, determing the receive power gain.

ANSWER:
39.4dB

SOLUTION:
= c / f
where c speed of light (m/s)
f frequency of operation (Hz)
= 3x10
8
m/s / 6x10
9
Hz
= 0.05meters



A
P
= 10 log ( 5.4 (D/)
2
)
Where D Dish diameter in meters
wavelength in meters per cycle
A
P
= 10 log ( 5.4 (2/0.05)
2
)
A
p
= 39.4 dB


Reference: Electronics Communications Systems
Wayne Tomasi, p. 670


QUESTION:
Calculate the minimum receivable signal in a radar receiver which has an IF bandwidth
of 1.5MHz and a 9-dB noise figure.

ANSWER:
4.17x10
-14
W

SOLUTION:
NF = antilog (9/10)
NF = 7.943

P
MIN
= KT
O
BW (NF 1)
Where K Boltzmanns Constant
T
O
Ambient Temperature
BW Bandwidth
NF Noise Figure in decimal
P
MIN
= 1.38x10
23
x 290 x 1.5x10
6
(7.493 1)
P
MIN
= 4.17x10
-14
W


Reference: Electronics Communications Systems
George Kennedy, p. 610