Abstract Due to the absence of agile characteristics, many

traditional products have been struggling to face the onslaught of

intensive competition. Agile characteristics would enable a
product to be reconfigured quickly in response to the customers
dynamic demands. One of the theoretical propositions is that,
computer-aided design !AD"#computer-aided manufacturing
!A$" technology possesses the capabilities to infuse agile
characteristics in the traditional products. %o e&amine this
theoretical proposition, the research work being reported in this
paper was carried out. During this research, the pump was
chosen as a candidate of traditional product. %he impeller and
casing of the pump were subsequently modelled using !AD
technology and design equations. 'ubsequently, four impeller
and casing models were evolved. %o e&amine the manufacturing
aspect of these models, !A$ technology was used. %his research
outcome indicated the feasibility of converting a traditional
product into an agile compatible product using !AD#!A$
technology.
Keywords( A$) agile manufacturing) !AD) computer-aided
design) !A$) computer-aided manufacturing) pump design)
product design) product development.
*. *+%,OD-!%*O+
Agile manufacturing can be defined as the
capability of surviving and prospering in a
competitive environment of continuous and unpredictable
change by reacting quickly and electively to changing
markets, driven by customer-designed products and
services.

Agile manufacturing is a new e&pression that
issued to represent the ability of a producer of goods and
services to thrive in the face of continuous change. %hese
changes can occur in markets, in technologies, in business
relationships and in all facets of the business enterprise.
Agile manufacturing requires to meet the changing market
requirements by suitable alliances based on core-
competencies, organi.ing to manage change and
uncertainty, and leveraging people and information.
Agile manufacturing is a vision of manufacturing that is
a natural development from the original concept of /lean
manufacturing0. %his requirement for manufacturing to be
able to respond to unique demands moves the balance back
to the situation prior to the introduction of lean
production, where manufacturing had to respond to
1
whatever pressures were imposed on it, with the risks to
cost and quality. %he move to lean production from agile
and vice versa is a ma2or challenging task
%he main ob2ective of this particular classification
is to develop a suitable framework for A$'s along these
four dimensions#criteria. Achieving agility therefore
requires fle&ibility and responsiveness in strategies,
technologies, people and systems. %able 3 shows the
classification of the literature on A$ and the
corresponding references on the basis of strategies,
technologies, systems and people.
%A456 *
!5A''*7*!A%*O+ O7 A8*56 $A+-7A!%-,*+8
5*%6,A%-,6
!riteria for classification
of the literature
'ub-classification
'trategies
9irtual enterprise
'upply chain
!oncurrent engineering
%echnologies
:ardware ;tools and
equipments
*nformation technologies
'ystems
Design systems
<roduction planning and
control systems
'ystem integration and
database management
<eople
=nowledge workers
%op management support
and employee
empowerment
%raining and education
3.3. A 7,A$6>O,= 7O, %:6 D6'*8+ O7 A8*56
$A+-7A!%-,*+8 '?'%6$'
%his development is based on the literature survey
and its analysis. *t can be seen that most of the literature
on A$ and related issues either deal with strategies or
techniques, but not an integrated view of developing an
A$'. *n this section, an attempt has been made to present
an integrated strategic and techniques framework for the
design and development of A$'s together with people and
systems issues. Agile manufacturing can successfully be
accomplished using various well-defined agile system
architectures. %he system architecture for A$ may include
gokulrajupacet@gmail.com
A FEASIBILITY STUDY ON
IMPLEMENTING AGILE
MANUFACTURING IN A PUMP
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
8okulra2u ,,
Department of Industrial Engineering(part time),
P! college of tec"nology, #oim$atore.
control, function, process, information, communication,
distribution, development, and implementation.
6ffective and efficient implementations of A$'s
require enterprise level integration. %he first step in this
direction is to integrate design, process planning and
scheduling. A bidding-based approach to the integration of
computer-aided design, process planning and real time
scheduling can be used for the design and implementation
of A$'.
%he product is represented in a '%6< model with
detailed design and administrative information including
design specifications, batch si.e, and due dates. -pon
arrival at the manufacturing facility, the product is
registered in the shop floor manager which is essentially a
coordinating agent. %he shop floor manager broadcasts the
product0s requirements to the machines. %he shop contains
autonomous machines that have knowledge about their
functionality, capabilities, tooling and schedules.
6ach machine has its own process planner and
responds to the product0s request in a way that is consistent
with its capabilities and capacities. >hen more than one
machine offers certain processes" for the same
requirements, they enter into negotiation. 4ased on
processing time, due date and cost, one of the machines
wins the contract. %he successful machine updates its
schedule and advises the product to request raw material
for processing. %he concept was implemented using a
multi-agent system in an ob2ect-oriented programming
language. %he task of decomposition and planning are
achieved through contract nets. As discussed earlier,
*nternet plays a significant role in A$'s.
4ased on the literature survey, a conceptual model
for the development of A$'s is developed as shown in
7ig. 3. As indicated earlier, the model has been developed
along four key dimensions including strategies,
technology, people and systems. %he main ob2ective here is
to develop integrated A$'s with the help of suitable
strategies and techniques to develop rapid partnership
formation, 96 and reconfigurability for mass
customi.ation. 7urther details of the model are discussed
hereunder.
7*8-,6 3@ A 7,A$6>O,= 7O, %:6 D6'*8+ O7
A8*56 $A+-7A!%-,*+8 '?'%6$'
** 5*%6,A%-,6 '-,96?
%he literature has been presented from the perspectives of
linkage between A$ and !AD#!A$) application studies
on A$.
A.3 5*%6,A%-,6 ,69*6> O+ 5*+=A86 46%>66+
!AD#!A$ A+D A$
%he linkage between !AD#!A$ and A$ is presented as
follows@ $ervyn et al. ABBC" have proposed the idea of the
development of an internet-enabled interactive fi&ture
design system. <an et al. ABBC" have proposed the
application of world wide web to achieve agility in rolling
bearing design. =usiak and :e 3DDE" have proposed four
Fdesign for agility rules. =usiak and :e 3DDG" have
brought out three rules for the design of products for agile
assembly. De 5app et al. ABBH" have presented the
importance of !AD in accurate designing and presented a
case study that investigates the impacts of !AD on design
reali.ation. %he authors have recommended the usage of
!AD for improvement in design accuracy and thereby
achieving lowest pro2ect costs. 5in and -hler ABBA" have
presented how three-dimensional CD" models can reduce
the time to market and insisted that using CD !AD
systems such as <ro#6 results in fewer modifications and
lesser inaccuracies. %hey have also illustrated the same
with a torque converter design assembly as an application
case study. !hang et al. 3DDG" used parametric !AD
software to achieve design automation results which can
be used to
update the design model and the associative
manufacturing model. <erry and 'ohal ABBB" have
emphasised that !AD is one of the key manufacturing
technology and automated system for quick response
practices. ,oy et al. ABBA" have presented that
!AD#!A$ is being accepted in many manufacturing
industries. %hey have also presented that !AD#!A$ have
transformed itself from being an e&pensive tool into a
basic necessity. >ei et al. ABBB" have proposed a design
automation system to reduce research and development
cost and product development time. %his system is
composed of !AD, !A6 and <ires et al. ABBH" have
proposed a procedure to e&tract robot motion information
from !AD data for welding applications. A$ and
!AD#!A$ possess several common aspects. %he linkage
between the characteristics of A$ and !AD#!A$ has
been presented in %able A.
As shown in %able A, A$ possesses characteristics such
as time compression, cost effectiveness, design
changeover, improved fle&ibility, speed, innovation and
increased efficiency. All these characteristics are coherent
with the abilities of !AD#!A$.
%A456 A
5*+=A86 46%>66+ %:6 A$ A+D !AD#!A$
Characteristics of AM
Characteristics of
CAD/CAM
%ime compression
8unasekaran, 3DDE)
*smailet al., ABBI) Onuh
et al., ABBI"
,educed time to market
5in and -hler, ABBA",
fast concept-to-prototype
service
8unasekaran,3DDE"
,educed initial ,educed ,/D cost and
investment cost and
change overcosts
Adeleye and ?usuf,
ABBI) 6lkins et al.,ABBH)
*smail et al., ABBI)
Onuh et al., ABBI"
product design cycle
>ei et al., ABBB",
potential cost savings
De 5app et al., ABBH"
:igher degree of
automation Adeleye
and
?usuf, ABBI"
Design automation
!hang et al., 3DDG"
'peed and fle&ibility in
manufacturing
systemsAdeleye and
?usuf, ABBI"
*mproved quality,
fle&ibility and reliability
8on.ale.-4enito, ABBJ"
*nnovations in
manufacturing
8unasekaran,
3DDE"
<roduct innovation
Onuh and :on, ABB3",
product redesign
8unasekaran, 3DDD"
7easibility of design and
manufacturing
process validation
8unasekaran, 3DDE"
*ncreased accuracy and
efficiency of design
reali.ation De 5app et
al., ABBH".
As shown in %able A, A$ possesses
characteristics such as time compression, cost
effectiveness, design changeover, improved fle&ibility,
speed, innovation and increased efficiency. All these
characteristics are coherent with the abilities of
!AD#!A$.
'ome of the advancements in the application of
advanced technologies for pump designand manufacturing
are being emphasi.ed as follows@ !hen and >ang ABB3"
have investigated !AD#!A$ technologies for
manufacturing centrifugal compressor impellers and
turbine blades. 'pann and :organ ABBI" have claimed
that upfront computational fluid dynamics !7D" has
made its mark on the pump industry, reducing the need for
e&pensive physical tests and cutting new pump
development costs by an average of IJK.
A.A 5*%6,A%-,6 ,69*6> O+ A$ A<<5*!A%*O+
'%-D*6'
9endor et al. ABBEa, b" have infused agility, innovation
and quality of products using agile innovative total quality
function deployment technique. %his technique has been
used to observe the customer needs and incorporate them
into developed matrices with the help of concerned
departments. %his study was implemented and results have
been validated in electronic switches manufacturing
company. 9endor et al. ABBD" have presented an article
related to enhancing competitiveness through total agile
design system %AD'". %he main aim of %AD' is to infuse
product development with A$ concepts to launch in a
short span of time. %he practical feasibility is validated in
manufacturing organi.ation, results prove that
digitali.ation and !AD modeling principles leads way to
driving agility. 8ore et al. ABBD" presented the A$
enablers for manufacturing enterprise to maintain its
competitive advantage in the market tends tenable new
manufacturing strategies and remains to be more
profitable using A$principles.Anoopkumar et al. AB3B"
have done work related to implement agile supply chain,
using agile supply chain responsiveness analysis model to
find the current level of agility of the organi.ation. 7ive
criteria model has been used for evaluation, results have
been analy.ed based upon cost analysis in a switch
manufacturing firm. %he results imply that
implementation of this ideas lead to improvement of the
firm. *nman et al. AB3B" have done work related to 2ust in
time L*%", operation performance and firm performance
regarding A$. $odel has been created and tested based
upon the firm data gathered from e&perts from production
and operations department and calculated using structural
equation modeling technique. %he results depict positive
signs for L*% principles and A$. 8aafar et al. ABBE"
presented an article linking genetic algorithm for
scheduling in
an agile environment. %he system contains a single-
fle&ible machine and sequel machines that are identical.
$inimi.ing the time is the ma2or hallmark of scheduling.
<article swarm-based genetic algorithm is tested for
specific problem. %he results show the reduction in time
compared to genetic algorithm process. $any researchers
have suggested that the utili.ation of technologies leads to
agility enhancement. 7ew researchers have contributed the
utili.ation of technologies in the conte&t of pump design
and manufacturing. 4ut this pro2ect is focused on the
utili.ation of technologies for enhancing agility of pump
design and manufacturing.
During the research being reported here, the
literature was searched to trace the researches and
practices carried out to achieve agility using design
principles and !AD technology. %his search made in
leading databases like 6merald insight, 'cience direct and
6bsco resulted in the identification of 3C relevant papers.
%he contributions of these papers are briefly reported here.
=usiak and :e 3DDG" have proposed three rules for the
design of products for agile assembly. %hree rules for the
design of products for agile assembly froman operational
perspective. Accomplishment of design for agile assembly
by considering the operational issues at the early product
design stage. =usiak and :e 3DDE" have proposed four
rules for designing from agility perspective. %hese rules
allow product and system design for easy scheduling. 5ee
3DDE" has considered A$ in the early design of
components and manufacturing systems. Design for short
manufacturing lead time has Design agility through !AD
been studied in the form of the design rules. Design for
agility rule has been formulated, proved, and substantiated
by numerical results. 9ernadat 3DDD" has discussed
organi.ational, technological and human aspects of agility
with respect to product design, manufacturing system
design and innovation management.
:elander and Liao ABBA" report a model which
enables the participation of customers while designing
products to achieve mass customi.ation. 7or this purpose,
they have proposed an electronic product development
enabled mass customi.ation model. On implementation,
this model will facilitate the customers to e&press their
requirements through electronic media which would be
processed again through electronic devices. %hey have also
suggested the usage of techniques like analytic hierarchy
process and quality function deployment during this
process. An important emphasis of this paper is the need
for integration of all functions, particularly design,
manufacturing and logistics while designing products and
thereby achieving mass customi.ation. Mhan et al. ABBC"
have contributed a model which facilitates the
collaborative product development with the aid of internet.
%his model entails the participation of number of
designers while designing agile products. $ervyn et al.
ABBC" have developed an internet enabled interactive
fi&ture design system. %hey have suggested that an
effective fi&ture design system should be portable on
different operating platforms. <an et al. ABBC" have
proposed a novel approach to implement a design support
system using world wide web to achieve agility in rolling
bearing design. %he web-based distributed system will be
globally accessible on the internet to the users and can be
automatically si.ed according to the demand or
application requirements.
'u and !hen ABBC" have presented a framework of
network support for the integrated design. %his integrated
agile design system integrates stages within the design
process including product design specification, conceptual
design, detailed design and manufacture. %his has been
achieved with the aid of integrating various software
packages into a single environment. Devadasan et al.
ABBJ" have proposed the concepts of design for product as
well as system agility. %hey have adopted a modified
orthogonal array-based model e&ploiting the technique
Ndesign of e&perimentsO in an A$ environment.
4orissovaet al. ABBI" has used the concept of
combinatorial process, equipment and plant design for
achieving agility in manufacturing. %he proposed
approach has been particularly appropriate for the design
of agile plants for families of products. Onuhet al. ABBI"
have evolved a model for agile product design involving
!AD, computer aided manufacturing !A$", rapid
prototyping, and rapid tooling.
%hough many concepts of design engineering
have been proposed in linkage with A$, only scant
researches have taken place in utili.ing the concept of
design engineering with A$. Also, it has been observed
that one of the underutili.ed technology in enabling A$ is
!AD. %his is despite the fact that features like time
composition, increased product variety, achieving lead
time increased customer domain are complementary to
both !AD and A$. $oreover, the products manufactured
by traditional manufacturing organi.ations are not
compatible for attaining agility. %his is due to the
underutili.ation of the !AD technology for enhancing
agility. *n this conte&t, the research reported in this paper
was carried out. %his research was focused towards
e&amining the practicality of achieving agility through the
e&ploitation of !AD technology. :ence, this research was
dominated by a case study which was conducted in a
traditional electronic switch manufacturing organi.ation.
***. $6%:ODO5O8?
5iterature review on A$ ,!AD#!A$ and the
linkage between them
Design of conceptual model for integration of
!AD #!A$ driven agility
'election of suitable organi.ation and product
for carrying out the implementation study
'tudy of e&isting designs of the product as well
as the manufacturing processes
*mplementation study for the designed
conceptual model
9alidation of the results
Derivation of inferences
7*8-,6 A@ $6%:ODO5O8?
%he literature was reviewed from the perspectives
of A$, !AD#!A$ and the linkage between them. %hen,
the conceptual model has been designed based on the
literature review. %his is followed by the selection of a
suitable manufacturing organi.ation as well as the product
for carrying out the implementation study. After
identifying the suitable manufacturing Organi.ation, the
e&isting products manufactured as well as the
manufacturing processes employed were studied.
%hen the deployment of the designed conceptual
model has been done according to the various phases being
planned. %his is followed by gathering the feedback of the
e&perts regarding the outputs generated out of the
implementation study. %his is followed by the derivation of
inferences based on the implementation study e&periences.
C.A. D6'*8+ O7 !O+!6<%-A5 $OD65
%he designed conceptual model is shown in
7igure C. %he motivation behind the development of
conceptual model is that it acts as technology-integrated
product design and development cycle enabling the rapid
design and development of products. As shown, the
customers varied requirements will be collected in the
form of varied product specifications. Once the product
specifications have been finali.ed, the digital versions of
those specifications will be developed using !AD
technology.


<ro2ect
phases
Agile
6nablers %ools


!ustomer
requirement
s


<hase *
'olid
modeling
!AD

<ro-6 <art
model



<hase **
*mproved#
modified
designs
6mpirica
l
equations



<hase ***
Design
validation
!AA
8A$4*%
and
75-6+%


<hase *9
$anufacturi
ng feasibility
study
!A$
<ro-6
$anufacturi
ng


7*8-,6 C@ D6'*8+ O7 !O+!6<%-A5 $OD65
%he design modifications or new product designs are
made using innovation integrated tools. 'ometimes the
usage of the empirical relations also could be employed.
%hen the new designs are practically validated using !AA
software packages. %he manufacturing feasibility of the
developed designs will be carried out using !A$ software
package.
*9. *$<56$6+%A%*O+ '%-D?
%he implementation study has been carried out in
a pump manufacturing organi.ation located in
!oimbatore, %amil +adu, *ndia.
H.3. A4O-% !O$<A+? A+D <,OD-!%'
%he name of the company is FLA? <umps. %he
company has more than 3B numbers of employees. %he
current turnover of the company is *+, 3,BBB,BBB. %he
number of employees currently working in the company is
3I. %he products manufactured by the company include
self-priming pumps and centrifugal pumps. %here e&isted
a need for the case organi.ation to develop new products
thereby enabling agility in product design and
development which motivated to conduct this study.
H.A. !AD $OD65*+8 O7 6P*'%*+8 *$<6556, A+D
!A'*+8 D6'*8+' <:A'6 *"
After studying the e&isting designs and collecting
the AD drawings from the company, the !AD models of
the e&isting impeller and casing designs have been created
using <ro-6.
7*8-,6 C@ !A'*+8
7*8-,6 H@ *$<6556,
H.C. D6965O<$6+% O7 +6> *$<6556, D6'*8+'
<:A'6 **"
%he e&isting design is depicted as FP whereas the
proposed designs are depicted as ?3, ?A, ?C and ?H. %he
design code, head, discharge values, number of vanes and
design criteria used. =eeping the e&isting impeller design
as reference, the new impeller designs were generated
using the empirical equations.
Step 1: Cac!atio" of s#ecific s#ee$
'pecific speed
+s Q
Q
Q3BIB.Hrpm
7rom 7igure G, the efficiency of this pump for %s Q
3,BIB.H rpm and & Q JA.AIJ has been found to be JG.JK.
Step 2: Cac!atio" of o!tsi$e $ia%eter
Outside tip speed
-AQ
Q
QA3.BCm sec
-3
Angular velocity
R Q
Q
Q ADC.AArad sec
-3
%A456 C
'<6!*7*!A%*O+' O7 %:6 6P*'%*+8 A+D
<,O<O'6D *$<6556, D6'*8+'
Design
code
:ead
m"
Discharg
e lps"
+umber of
vanes
'haft
power
:<"
P 3J.JJ C.DI H 3.J
?3 3J.JJ C.DI H 3.J
?A 3G C H 3.J
?C A3 J H C
?H AB H I C
7*8-,6 J@ !-,96 D6<*!%*+8 %:6 ,65A%*O+':*<
46%>66+ 677*!*6+!? A+D '<6!*7*! '<66D
Outer diameter
DAQ
Q
Q 3HC.HCmm
Step 3: Cac!atio" of i%#eer &i$th
*mpeller e&it width
4AQ
Q
Q J.AAHS3B
-C
m
Q J.AAHmm
Step 4: Cac!atio" of i"et $ia%eter
*nitially, the optimum inlet diameter corresponding to an
inlet blade angle '( of AHT should be calculated from
Optimum inlet diameter
DAQ
Q

Q B.BCIJ3m
QCI.J3mm
Step 5: Cac!atio" of o!tet 'a"e a"(e
Assuming the following values for the coefficients, head
coefficient Q B.I, discharge coefficient Q B.BE and slip
coefficient Q B.E
Outlet vane angle
UA Q
Q
Q GB.BA from meridian Q AB from tangential
Step 6: Cac!atio" of ra$i!s of c!r'at!re of 'a"e
!alculation of radius of curvature of vane
,cQ
Q
Q HG.HHmm
Step 7: Cac!atio" for $eter%i"i"( "!%)er of 'a"es
!alculation for determining number of vanes
MQ
Q
V H
%his step marks the end of designing the
impeller. %he derived dimensions of the newly developed
impeller are depicted in 7igure below
7*8-,6 I@ +6> *$<6556, ?3" >*%: D6,*96D
D*$6+'*O+'
J.H. D6965O<$6+% O7 +6> !A'*+8 D6'*8+'
<:A'6 **"
=eeping the e&isting casing design as reference, the
dimensions of the new casing designs are derived using
the following empirical relations. %he development of new
products using creative thinking is a ma2or hallmark of
A$. As a sample, the procedure used to develop a casing
is shown as follows.
Step 1: Cac!atio" for $eter%i"i"( the a)so!te
ta"(e"tia e*it 'eocit+
<eripheral speed of impeller at inlet
-3Q
Q
QJ.CJC m sec
-3
<eripheral speed of impeller at outlet
)3Q A3.BCm sec
-3
Outlet vane angle
U3Q
*nlet flow velocity
9f3Q -3
QJ.CJC
Q A.CE m sec
-3
'ince constant velocity flow is assumed,
*f3 Q *fA Q A.CEm sec
-3


#+, Q 3H.J m sec
-3
Step 2: Cac!atio" for $eter%i"i"( the )ase circe
$ia%eter
4ase circle diameter of casing
DCQ3.3DA
Q 3.3 SB.3HCHC
Q B.3JGEm
Q 3JG.Emm
Assuming the velocity reduction due to increased cross-
sectional area as 3BK,
%he velocity at throat outlet
!WCQB.D!%A
QB.DS3H.J
Q 3C.BJ m sec
-3
Step 3: Cac!atio" for $eter%i"i"( the throat area a"$
throat $ia%eter
%hroat area Q
Q
Q
Q
%hroat diameter d Q
Q
Q 3D.IImm
QB.B3DIIm
Step 4: Cac!atio" for $eter%i"i"( the o#ti%!% throat
area a"$ throat $ia%eter
!alculation for determining the optimum throat area
and throat diameter :owever, the centre of the throat area
will move to a radius of DA Xd"#A, and the velocity
approaching the throat will slowdown in inverse
proportion to the distance from the impeller centre.
%herefore, the throat velocity will diminish to
!WCQ!%A
Q 3H.J
Q 33.HE m sec
-3
%herefore, the corrected area will become
Q
.
Q
%hen corrected throat diameter

Q
Q B.BA3m
Q A3mm
%his step marks the end of designing the casing.
%he !AD model of the newly developed casing design is
shown in 7igure G.
7*8-,6 G@ CD !AD $OD65 O7 %:6 <,O<O'6D
!A'*+8 D6'*8+
H.J. A+A5?'*' O7 *$<6556, D6'*8+' A+D
$A+-7A!%-,*+8 76A'*4*5*%? '%-D?
<:A'6' *** A+D *9"
6ngineering analysis is an important phase in product
design cycle. %he analysis ensures the capability of designs
for further processing. %he proposed new impeller designs
have been sub2ected to flow analysis using 8A$4*% and
75-6+% softwares.
8A$4*% is mesh generation software that provides
interface for creating and meshing the geometries.
8A$4*% acts as a preprocessor for processing the
geometries before performing flow analysis.
75-6+% is a general-purpose !7D software which is
suited for performing fluid flow analysis. *t is a solver
based on the finite volume method. %he post-processing
tools of 75-6+% can be used to generate animations as
well as the generation of reports that convey the results of
!7D analysis. %he generated !AD models of the new
impeller designs are sub2ected to flow analysis. %he
meshing of the impeller designs is carried out using
8A$4*% preprocessor. %he type of mesh element
employed is he&ahedral and fine meshing has been
defined. %he first impeller design after meshing is shown
in 7igure G. %he meshed impeller model has been
sub2ected to flow analysis by importing in the form of
mesh file. %he input parameters have been set as input
flow velocity A.CE m sec
-3
" and outlet pressure
atmospheric pressure". *n our case, the output parameter
to be considered is mass flow rate. %he screen containing
the specification of boundary conditions is shown in
7igure E.
7*8-,6 E@ '!,66+ D6<*!%*+8 %:6 $6':6D
*$<6556, D3"
7*8-,6 D@ '!,66+ 6+A45*+8 %:6 '<6!*7*!A%*O+
O7 *+<-% <A,A$6%6,'
As observed from 7igure D, the mass flow rate is found
to be C.EIHIGJ kg sec
-3
. %he analy.ed designs need to be
sub2ected to manufacturing feasibility analysis to ensure
the manufacturability of designs. %he manufacturing
feasibility study of impeller designs has been carried out
using F!ast !avity module of <ro#6ngineer >ildfire C.B.
After importing the impeller model, the desired shrinkage
allowance needs to be specified. 'ince the impeller
material is ferrite graphite iron, the shrinkage allowance is
3.3.
7*8-,6 D@ '!,66+ 6+A45*+8 %:6 86+6,A%*O+
O7 O-%<-% <A,A$6%6,
9. !O+!5-'*O+'
%oday, the manufacturing organi.ations are facing stiff
competition to meet the varied dynamic requirements of
the customers Wuintana, 3DDE". %hough certain
manufacturing
sectors like mobile phone manufacturers are bringing out
different models within a short period of time, certain
traditional manufacturing sectors like pumps, compressors
and machine tool manufacturers are not able to bring out
different varieties within a short period of time. %he
fundamental reason behind this kind of situation is that,
there is no proper linkage between A$, design
engineering and advanced technologies. %he literature
review on A$ also indicated the missing link between
design engineering and A$ =usiak and :e, 3DDE". %his
typical situation prevailed in the organi.ation where the
case study has been carried out. %he e&periences of
conducting this case study proved the phenomenon that
!AD#!A$ act as enabler for A$ which has been stated
theoretically by many A$ researchers 8unasekaran,
3DDE) Onuh and :on ABB3". *n this conte&t, this study
fulfils the research void. %he opinions of the e&perts
working e&clusively in the design and manufacturing of
pumps also suggested the practical feasibility of the
generated designs. %his kind of technology integration in
the A$ field would enable the traditional manufacturing
organi.ations to survive in the competitive environment of
unanticipated changes to become winners in the global
market scenario 5in and -hler, ABBA) <ires et al., ABBH".
,676,6+!6'
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Dowlatshahi, '. and !ao, W. ABBI" F%he relationships
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:asan, $.A., 'hankar, ,., 'arkis, L., 'uhail, A. and Asif,
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:ooper, $.L., 'teeple, D. and >inters, !.+. ABB3"
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5in, ?.L. and -hler, A. ABBA" F'hortening the design for
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Onuh, '., 4ennett, +. and :ughes, 9. ABBI" F,everse
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<ires, L.+., 8odinho, %. and 7erreira, <. ABBH" F!AD
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