I.E.S.

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Chapter 3. LIFE ON EARTH
3.2. CELLS
WARMING UP
-What is this?
http://sphotos-a.xx.fbcdn.net/hphotos-prn1/c11.!."!."!/p"!x"!/1#$%$&"'#("')1"11!!"'&1#'$%1''&n.*p+
PR,--A./
0 1i22 in the +aps:
f3nda4enta2 3nit / ce22s / biosphere / s4a22est / 5ita2 f3nctions / and
reprod3ction / n3trition
A22 the 2i5in+ bein+s in the biosphere are for4ed b6 ce22s. A ce22 is the of a22 2
f3nda4enta2 3nit ife. What is to sa6 a ce22 is the s4a22est 3nit of a 2i5in+ thin+
capab2e of perfor4in+ the three 5ita2 f3ctions : reprod3ctions 7 re2ation7
n3tritions0
Watch the 5ideo and ans8er:
http://888.6o3t3be.co4/8atch?59+13,o#cc-PA
What are 8e a22 4ade of? :e2s
Are a22 ce22s the sa4e si;e and shape?1!! tri22on ce2s
<o8 4an6 ce22s does the h34an bod6 ha5e?
-A./
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- What do all cells have i co!!o"
0 A22 ce22s ha5e +ot three co44on characteristics. :o4pare the three exa4p2es
of ce22s be2o8 and find o3t the three co44on characteristics of a22 ce22s.
P2ant ce22
Ani4a2 ce22 =acteria ce22
-he three characteristics are c6top2a4s 7 >NA and 4e4brane
0 -he three characteristics are sho8n in this tab2e. Match the characteristic to
the definition:
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#$ %las!a
!e!&rae
a? ,2astic and thin co5er that 4aintains the
ce22 independent fro4 the externa2 8or2d
and a22o8s n3trients and 8aste s3bstances
to pass thro3+h it.
2$ 'NA
b? 123id that fi22s in the 8ho2e ce22 and is
the p2ace 8here che4ica2 reactions are
prod3ced @4etabo2is4?. It contains
or+ane22es 8hich are s3bce2232ar str3ct3res
8ith specific f3nctions.
3$ C(toplas!
c? .3bstance that stores the infor4ation
needed for 2ife7 or +enetic infor4ation and
is trans4itted to the da3+hter ce22s.
- )ids o* cells+
We c2assif6 ce22s accordin+ to 8here the >NA is p2aced:
- :e22s 4a6 ha5e the >NA in the c6top2as4 in this case the ce22 is a
pro,ar(otic cell @fro4 the GreeA 4eanin+ before n3c2ei?.
:e22s in the 4onera Ain+do4 s3ch as bacteria and c6anobacteria @a2so Ano8n as
b23e-+reen a2+ae? are proAar6otes.
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http://biojunior.wordpress.com/2009/09/21/prokaryotic-cells-karim-dornaika/
http://edu.glogster.com/media/5/24/!/!/24!!".jpg
,xa4p2es of proAar6otic ce22s
- When the >NA is inside a n3c2e3s7 it is an e-,ar(otic ce22 @fro4 the GreeA
4eanin+ tr326 n3c2ear?. A e3car6otic ce22 is 2ar+er and 4ore co4p2ex than a
procar6otic ce22. Ani4a2s7 p2ants7 f3n+i7 and protists are e3Aar6otes.
P2ant ce22 13n+a2 ce22
Ani4a2 ce22 Proto;oa ce22
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0 .-U>,N- A and .-U>,N- = 2ooA at the pict3re be2o8. A proAar6otic ce22 is
sho8n. A st3dent has st3died the characteristics of the %ro,ar(otic cells b3t
he has 4ade three 4istaAes. :an 6o3 find the4? -he first to find the 4istaAes
8ins7 b3t 6o3 43st co4pare the ans8ers.
http://888.be5pease.force'.co.3A/p.=acteria.ht4
- -he >NA is in the c6top2as47 in a ;one ca22ed n3c2eoid7 b3t not in an
independent n3c2e3s.
- -he6 ha5e ce22 4e4brane and ce22 8a22.
- -he6 ha5e ch2orop2asts to obtain ener+6 fro4 the s3n
- -he6 do not ha5e or+ane22es except riboso4es.
- -he6 ha5e 4itochondria7 to obtain ener+6 fro4
- .o4e of the4 ha5e an a3totrophic n3trition7 other ha5e a heterotrophic
n3trition.
- -he >NA is in the n3c2e3s.
- -he6 4a6 3se either a f2a+e2234 or 4an6 ci2ia to 4o5e.
0 -o Ano8 8hat a f2a+e2234 and a ci2i34 are 8atch this 5ideo:
http:// 888.6o3t3be.co4/8atch?5 9 dBCG->8Dt/U
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0 .-U>,N- A and .-U>,N- = 2ooA at the pict3re be2o8. -8o e3Aar6otic ce22s
are sho8n. A st3dent tried to obtain the characteristics of the e-,ar(otic cells.
<e has 4ade three 4istaAes. 1ind the4. -he first to find the 4istaAes 8ins7 b3t
6o3 43st co4pare the ans8ers.
http://4icro.4a+net.fs3.ed3/ce22s/p2ants/i4a+es/p2antce22.*p+
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Anatomy of the Animal Cell
http://4icro.4a+net.fs3.ed3/ce22s/ani4a2s/ani4a24ode2.ht42
- -he >NA is inside the n3c2e3s
- -he >NA is so4eti4es in the c6top2as4 in ani4a2 ce22s7 b3t it is in the
n3c2e3s in p2an ce22s
- A22 of the4 @ani4a2 and p2ant ce22s? 4a6 3se either a f2a+e2234 or 4an6 ci2ia
to 4o5e
- -he6 ha5e a +reat 5ariet6 of or+ane22es in the c6top2as4 @5ac3o2es7
4itochondria7 riboso4es7E?
- Cac3o2es are 3sed to stores s3bstances in.
- Mitochondria are 3sed to obtain ener+6 fro4.
- Riboso4es are 3sed to prod3ce proteins.
- :h2orop2ast are 3sed to obtain ener+6 fro4 the s3n. -he6 are on26
present in p2ant ce22s7 b3t not in ani4a2 ce22s
- .o4e of the4 ha5e an a3totrophic n3trition7 other ha5e a heterotrophic
n3trition.
A22 of the4 @ani4a2 ce22s7 p2ant ce22s7 E? ha5e ce22 4e4brane and ce22 8a22.

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0 .-U>,N- A and .-U>,N- = search independent26 for t8o characteristics
that differentiate the ani4a2 and the p2ant ce22s. :o4pare 6o3r ans8ers.
- Ani4a2 ce22s ha5e 4itochondria7 b3t p2ant ce22s do not.
- Ani4a2 ce22s ha5e riboso4es7 b3t p2ant ce22s do not.
- Ani4a2 ce22s do not ha5e ch2orop2asts7 b3t p2ant ce22s do.
- Ani4a2 ce22s do not ha5e ce22 8a227 b3t p2ant ce22s do.
- Ani4a2 ce22s do not ha5e 5ac3o2es7 b3t p2ant ce22s do.
- .icell-lar ad !-lticell-lar or/ais!s+
ST.'ENT A+
0 <o8 4an6 or+anis4s do 6o3 see in this pict3re?
a? one b? t8o c? three d? a 2ot of the4
<o8 4an6 ce22s do 6o3 see?
a? one b? t8o c? three d? a 2ot of the4
http://888.5is3a2photos.co4/i4a+e/1x$"1%1"/te4&i4a+e&of&pha+oc6tosis&te4&i4a+e&of
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0 .-U>,N- =: In this pict3re 6o3 can see p2ants. =3t ho8 4an6 other or+anis4s
do 6o3 see in it?
a? one b? t8o c? three d? a 2ot of the4
http://26nx.3io.no/*on/26nx/i4a+es/26nxib!$.*p+
<o8 4an6 ce22s co32d 6o3 see in a 26nx bod6 or in a rabbit bod6?
a? one b? t8o c? three d? a 2ot of the4
http://2ib.*ian+nan.ed3.cn/A.M/(!$-Introd3ce.ht4
:e22s in a rabbit Aidne6.
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0 .-U>,N- A and .-U>,N- =: >o 6o3 find an6 difference in 6o3r ans8ers?
In the first case7 e5er6 or+anis4 is for4ed of one on26 ce227 b3t in the case of
the 26nx or the rabbit7 e5er6 or+anis4 is 4ade of tho3sands of 4i22ions of ce22s.
A22 2i5in+ or+anis4s are co4posed of ce22s. -he6 4a6 be 3nice2232ar or
432tice2232ar.
0 Match proper26:
1? Unice2232ar or+anis4s
b? Eare co4posed of 4ore
than one ce22
#? M32tice2232ar or+anis4s
c? E are co4posed of on26
one ce22
- The cell-lar theor(+
We ha5e a2read6 st3died that:
1? A ce22 is the s4a22est 3nit of a 2i5in+ thin+ capab2e of perfor4in+ the three
5ita2 f3nctions: n3trition7 re2ation7 and reprod3ction.
#? A22 the 2i5in+ bein+s in the biosphere are for4ed b6 ce22s.
=3t 8hat is the ori+in of an6 ce22?
.cientists ha5e tho3+ht of t8o possibi2ities:
a# -he6 can be created spontaneo3s26 *3st 2iAe cr6sta2s +ro8 fro4 8ater.
-hat is the6 can be created fro4 inor+anic 4atter.
b? -he6 can on26 co4e fro4 another ce22.
Fo3is Paste3r desi+ned the experi4ents that fina226 ended this debate in 1%)1.

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<e boi2ed a f2asA to Ai22 pre-existin+ 4icroor+anis4s. -he 2iG3id 8as 4aintained
c2osed for a 2on+ ti4e. It re4ained free of 4icroor+anis4s for a22 this ti4e.
<o8e5er7 8hen the f2asA 8as 3nsea2ed and 8as 2eft open to the air it 8as soon
conta4inated b6 4icroor+anis4.
Fet 3s re5ise the experi4ent:
0 Accordin+ to this experi4ent7 4aAe a conc23sion:
a? A ce22 can be created spontaneo3s26 *3st 2iAe cr6sta2s +ro8 fro4 8ater
b? A ce22 can on26 co4e fro4 another pre-existin+ ce22.
-hese three ideas are Ano8n as the cell theor(. It is one of the basic princip2es
of bio2o+6
1? A ce22 is the s4a22est 3nit of a 2i5in+ thin+ capab2e of perfor4in+ the three
5ita2 f3nctions: n3trition7 re2ation7 and reprod3ction.
#? A22 the 2i5in+ bein+s in the biosphere are for4ed b6 ce22s.
? A ce22 can on26 co4e fro4 another pre-existin+ ce22.
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)E0
3.2. CELLS
WARMING UP
It is an i4a+e of a sin+2e red b2ood ce22 on the tip of a need2e.
PR,--A./
1i22 in the +aps:
A22 the 2i5in+ bein+s in the biosphere are for4ed b6 ce22s. A ce22 is the
f3nda4enta2 3nit of a22 2ife. What is to sa6 a ce22 is the s4a22est 3nit of a 2i5in+
thin+ capab2e of perfor4in+ the three 5ita2 f3nctions: n3trition7 re2ation7 and
reprod3ction .
0 Watch the 5ideo and ans8er:
http://888.6o3t3be.co4/8atch?59+13,o#cc-PA
What are 8e a22 4ade of? We and a22 the 2i5in+ thin+s are 4ade of ce22s
Are a22 ce22s the sa4e si;e and shape? No7 the6 co4e in tho3sands of shapes and
si;es.
<o8 4an6 ce22s does the h34an bod6 ha5e? It has o5er 1!! tri22ion of the4.
@1!!!!!!!!!!!!!! ce22s?
-A./
0 A22 ce22s ha5e +ot three co44on characteristics. :o4pare these three
exa4p2es of ce22s and find o3t the three co44on characteristics:
-he three characteristics are: the p 2as4a 4e4brane 7 the >NA and the
:6top2as4
0 -he three characteristics are sho8n in this tab2e. Match the characteristic to
the definition:
I.E.S. LA ARBOLEDA CENTRO TIC - PLURILINGE
C/ Padre Ellacura, 13 - 11500 El Puerto de Santa Mara (Cdiz)
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- )ids o* cells+
00 .-U>,N- A and .-U>,N- = 2ooA at the pict3re be2o8. A proAar6otic ce22 is
sho8n. A st3dent has st3died the characteristics of the %ro,ar(otic cells b3t
he has 4ade three 4istaAes. :an 6o3 find the4? -he first to find the 4istaAes
8ins7 b3t 6o3 43st co4pare the ans8ers.
- -he >NA is in the c6top2as47 in a ;one ca22ed n3c2eoid7 b3t not in an
independent n3c2e3s
- -he6 ha5e ce22 4e4brane and ce22 8a22.
- -he6 ha5e ch2orop2asts to obtain ener+6 fro4 the s3n
- -he6 do not ha5e or+ane22es except riboso4es.
- -he6 ha5e 4itochondria7 to obtain ener+6 fro4
- .o4e of the4 ha5e an a3totrophic n3trition7 other ha5e a heterotrophic
n3trition.
- -he >NA is in the n3c2e3s.
- -he6 4a6 3se either a f2a+e2234 or 4an6 ci2ia to 4o5e.
0Another st3dent tried to obtain the characteristics of the e-,ar(otic cells. <e
has a2so 4ade three 4istaAes. 1ind the4:
- -he >NA is inside the n3c2e3s
- -he >NA is so4eti4es in the c6top2as4 in ani4a2 ce22s7 b3t it is in the
n3c2e3s in p2an ce22s
- A22 of the4 4a6 3se either a f2a+e2234 or 4an6 ci2ia to 4o5e
- -he6 ha5e a +reat 5ariet6 of or+ane22es in the c6top2as4 @5ac3o2es7
4itochondria7 riboso4es7E?
- Cac3o2es are 3sed to stores s3bstances in.
- Mitochondria are 3sed to obtain ener+6 fro4.
- Riboso4es are 3sed to prod3ce proteins.
- :h2orop2ast are 3sed to obtain ener+6 fro4 the s3n. -he6 are on26
present in p2ant ce22s7 b3t not in ani4a2 ce22s
- .o4e of the4 ha5e an a3totrophic n3trition7 other ha5e an heterotrophic
n3trition.
- A22 of the4 @ani4a2 ce22s7 p2ant ce22s7 E? ha5e ce22 4e4brane and ce22 8a22.
0 .-U>,N- A and .-U>,N- = search independent26 for t8o characteristics
that differentiate the ani4a2 and the p2ant ce22s. :o4pare 6o3r ans8ers.
- Ani4a2 ce22s ha5e 4itochondria7 b3t p2ant ce22s do not.
- Ani4a2 ce22s ha5e riboso4es7 b3t p2ant ce22s do not.
- Ani4a2 ce22s do not ha5e ch2orop2asts7 b3t p2ant ce22s do.
- Ani4a2 ce22s do not ha5e ce22 8a227 b3t p2ant ce22s do.
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- Ani4a2 ce22s do not ha5e 5ac3o2es7 b3t p2ant ce22s do.
- .icell-lar ad pl-ricell-lar or/ais!s+
ST.'ENT A+
0 <o8 4an6 or+anis4s do 6o3 see in this pict3re?
a? one b? t8o c? three d? a 2ot of the4
<o8 4an6 ce22s do 6o3 see?
a? one b? t8o c? three d? a 2ot of the4
0 .-U>,N- =: In this pict3re 6o3 can see p2ants. =3t ho8 4an6 other or+anis4s
do 6o3 see in it?
a? one b? t8o c? three d? a 2ot of the4
<o8 4an6 ce22s co32d 6o3 see in a 26nx bod6 or in a rabbit bod6?
a? one b? t8o c? three d? a 2ot of the4
>o 6o3 find an6 difference in 6o3r ans8ers?
In the first case7 e5er6 or+anis4 is for4ed of one on26 ce227 b3t in the case of
the 26nx or the rabbit7 e5er6 or+anis4 is 4ade of tho3sands of 4i22ions of ce22s.
0 Match proper26:
- The cell-lar theor(+
0 Accordin+ to this experi4ent7 4aAe a conc23sion:
a? A ce22 can be created spontaneo3s26 *3st 2iAe cr6sta2s +ro8 fro4 8ater
b? A ce22 can on26 co4e fro4 another pre-existin+ ce22.