A

A
REPORT
REPORT
ON
ON
DESIGN ASPECTS OF
DESIGN ASPECTS OF
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
ELECTRICAL SYSTEM
IN
IN
TYPICAL 700 MW
TYPICAL 700 MW
e
e
INDIAN
INDIAN
ATOMIC POWER PROJECT
ATOMIC POWER PROJECT
BY: BY:
TUSHAR GARG TUSHAR GARG
3 3
rd rd
YEAR (Electrical Engineering) YEAR (Electrical Engineering)
MPUAT, CTAE, UDAIPUR MPUAT, CTAE, UDAIPUR

VOCATIONAL TRAINING VOCATIONAL TRAINING
UNDERGONE IN UNDERGONE IN
UC!EAR P"#ER C"RP"RATI" "$ IDIA !IMITED, MUMBAI UC!EAR P"#ER C"RP"RATI" "$ IDIA !IMITED, MUMBAI
" "
DESIG ASPECTS "$ E!ECTRICA! SYSTEM I TYPICA! %&& M#e DESIG ASPECTS "$ E!ECTRICA! SYSTEM I TYPICA! %&& M#e
IDIA AT"MIC P"#ER PR"'ECT IDIA AT"MIC P"#ER PR"'ECT




PREFACE PREFACE
I, TUSHAR GARG, a student of 3
rd
(ear Electrical Engineering of C)llege
)* Tec+n)l)g( , Engineering, MPUAT, Udai-.r have undergone vocational
training at UC!EAR P"#ER C"RP"RATI" "$ IDIA !IMITED
(PCI!) MUMBAI from 19
th
JUNE !1 to 1"
th
JU#$ !1 as %art of training
%rogram incor%orated in the curriculum of the &PUA', C'AE Udai%ur(
As a student of Electrical Engineering, the training at Electrical )esign office of
NPCI# has *een %roved *eneficial for me( )uring this %eriod, I have studied various
design, selection, standardi+ation and safet, as%ects of electrical au-iliar, %o.er
su%%l, s,stem / e0ui%ments em%lo,ed at nuclear %o.er station( It has hel%ed me in
*etter understanding of various conce%t of %o.er generation and au-iliar,
distri*ution of electrical %o.er(
(



CERTI$ICATE
'his is to certif, that TUSHAR GARG student )* 3
rd
Year Electrical Engineering
from C)llege )* Tec+n)l)g( , Engineering, MPUAT, Udai-.r has successfull,
com%leted his vocational training at Electrical design office of NPCI#, &um*ai from
19
th
June !1 to1"
th
Jul, !1( )uring this %eriod he did his vocational training on
/DESIG ASPECTS "$ E!ETRICA! SYSTEM I TYPICA! %&& M#e
IDIA AT"MIC P"#ER PR"'ECT0( Re%ort of the student on a*ove su*1ect
has *een vetted and cleared as %er the %rocedure(

23ignature of training coordinator4

2Name of the )irectorate/unit4
3r(
No(
C 5 N ' E N ' 3 Page
No(
1(
IN'R5)UC'I5N 6
(
E#EC'RICA# 3$3'E& )E3CRIP'I5N
(1 5ff site Po.er 3u%%l, 3,stem
(1(1 7rid
(1( 'ransformer $ard
(1(8 3.itch $ard
( Au-iliar, Po.er 3u%%l, 3,stem
((1 Class 9 I: Po.er 3u%%l, 3,stem
(( Class9 III Po.er 3u%%l, 3,stem
((8 Class9 II Po.er su%%l, 3,stem
((; Class9 I Po.er 3u%%l, 3,stem
"
"
18
8(
)E3I7N <A3I3 5F E#EC'RICA# 3$3'E& 19
;(
E#E'RICA# E=UIP&EN' )E3CRIP'I5<N
;(1 7enerator 'ransformer
;( 3tartu% 'ransformer
;(8 Unit 'ransformer
1
>( AU'5&A'IC 'RAN3FER 3$3'E& 8
6( E&ER7ENC$ 'RAN3FER 3$3'E& ;
?( C5NC#U3I5N >
12 ITR"DUCTI"

Nuclear Po.er Cor%oration of India #imited 2NPCI#4 has started construction of ?!!&@e atomic
%o.er %ro1ects at Ra.at*hata in Ra1asthan and AaBra%ar in 7u1arat(
'his re%ort descri*es the Electric Po.er 3u%%l, 3,stem of a t,%ical ?!!&@e, Indian Pressuri+ed
Ceav, @ater t,%e Reactor 2PC@R4(
'he total installed ca%acit, of Nuclear Po.er in India is ;?"! &@e( Ne. %ro1ects .ith a total
ca%acit, of ;"!!&@e are under various %hases of construction(
'he o%erating %lants are at the follo.ing locationsD
'ara%ur in &aharashtra(
Ra.at*hata near Aota in Ra1asthan
Aal%aBBam near &adras in 'amil Nadu(
Narora in Uttar Pradesh
AaBra%ar near 3urat in 7u1arat

Aaiga near Aar.ar in AarnataBa
T+ree Stage3 )* Indian .clear P)4er Pr)gra5 :
14 3'A7E I D 'his stage envisages construction of natural Uranium, Ceav, .ater moderator E
cooled %ressuri+ed heav, .ater reactors 2PC@R4( 3%ent fuel from these reactors is re%rocessed to
o*tain %lutonium(
4 3'A7E II D 'his stage envisages on the construction of Fast *reeder reactors 2F<R4 fuelled
*, %lutonium E de%leted U %roduced in stage I( 'hese reactors .ould also *reed U
88
from
thorium(
84 3'A7E III D 'his stage .ould com%rise %o.er reactors using U
88
9 'horium as fuel, .hich
is used as a *lanBet in these t,%e of reactors(
Page 6 of 7%

$ig.re812 !)cati)n )* .clear P)4er Plant3 ()-erati)nal and .nder c)n3tr.cti)n) in India
Page % of 7%
72& E!ECTRICA! SYSTEM DECRIPITI"::88
'he electrical s,stem has *een categori+ed in t.o t,%e of %o.er su%%l, s,stem , these areD
1( 5ff site Po.er 3u%%l, 3,stem
( Au-iliar, Po.er 3u%%l, 3,stem
721 "$$ SITE P"#ER SUPP!Y SYSTEM: 99
'he electric %o.er su%%l, source located outside the nuclear %o.er %lant and controlled *, an agenc, other
than nuclear %o.er %lant o%erator is defined as off site %o.er source(

'he electrical %o.er generated *, tur*o generator is fed through Isolated %hase *us duct 2IP<)4
and 7enerator circuit *reaBer 27C<4 to the lo. voltage terminals of the generator transformer
.hich ste% u% the voltage to ;!! B:( 'ransformers are situated in transformer ,ard located ad1acent
to tur*ine *uilding( 'he offsite %o.er s,stem consists of ;!!B: and ! B: s.itch,ard and grids(
72121 9&& :; and 77& :; P)4er Grid::8
Po.er generated is %ur%osed to *e evacuated *, ;!! B: transmission lines of the grid
e-isting around the ?!!&@e Nuclear Po.er Plant 2NPP4 3ite( ;!! B: grid connections at
RAPP9 ?E" are sho.n in fig9(

'he design of grid develo%ed *, the Po.er 7rid in consultation .ith the Central Electricit,
Authorit, of India 2CEA4 is *ased on the %ro1ected generation ca%acit, addition and load
gro.th matching .ith NPP o%erations(
'he ! B: s.itch,ard is connected to ! B: transmission line of the grid e-isting around
the ?!! &@e NPP site( ! B: grid connections at RAPP9?E" are sho.n in given fig98(
Page < of 7%
$ig.re872 T(-ical 9&& :; Grid Ar).nd RAPP8%,<
Page = of 7%
$ig.re832 T(-ical 77& :; Grid Ar).nd RAPP8%,<
Page 1& of 7%
72127 Tran3*)r5er Yard:8
'ransformer ,ard is located ad1acent to the tur*ine *uilding( 7enerator transformerFs 27'4 are
connected to the generator through IP<) on lo. voltage side and on the high voltage side through
overhead lines to s.itch ,ard( Cere a com*ination of 8 single %hase transformers is used *ecause of
trans%ortation and handling constraints(

72123 S4itc+ Yard:8
3.itch,ard should have mechanism to s.itch on and s.itch off the %o.er *, a circuit
*reaBer(
3hould measure the %o.er .hich is transmitted to the grid(
3hould %rovide safet, and %rotection of s,stem from an, fault condition(
TAB!E81
S2 Para5eter 9&& :;
S4itc+ Yard
77& :;
S4itc+ Yard
12 3,stem voltage ;!! B: ! B:
72 &a-imum voltage ;! B: >; B:
32 &inimum voltage 8"! B: 19" B:
92 Nominal fre0uenc, >! C+ >! C+
>2 &inimum fre0uenc, ;"(> C+ ;"(> C+
62 &a-imum fre0uenc, >1(> C+ >1(> C+
%2 #ighting im%ulse .ithstand level
2Insulation level4
1;> B:P 1!>! B:P
<2 3.itching im%ulse .ithstand level
2Insulation level4
1!>! B:P Not a%%lica*le
&ain Com%onents of s.itch,ardD
214 Circuit <reaBer 24 Instrument transformer
284 Isolators 2;4 #ightning arrester
(1) Circ.it ?rea:er3:
'hese are used to maBe the circuit in normal conditions and to tri% 2*reaB4 the circuit during
a*normal conditions liBe faults so as to save the com%onents from damage( 'he, are %rovided to
avoid damages of e0ui%ment related to it 2'ransformer, 7enerator etc4(Arc 0uenching is done *, air
*lo., *, oil or *, vacuum( 3.itch,ard circuit *reaBers use 3F
6
for arc 0uenching(
TAB!E87
S2 Para5eter 9&& :; Circ.it Brea:er 77&:; Circ.it Brea:er
12 ',%e 3F6 7as circuit *reaBer
72 Rated voltage ;!B: ;> :
Page 11 of 7%
32 Rated normal current 81>!A 1>!A
92 Rated s,mmetrical
*reaBing ca%acit,
;! BA rms ;!BA rms
>2 Rated maBing ca%acit, 1!! BA %eaB 1!! BA %eaB
62 Rated short time current ;! BA for 1 sec
(7) In3tr.5ent Tran3*)r5er:8
Instrument transformer is em%lo,ed to give lo. signals 2i(e( metering signals4 to voltmeter,
ammeter, .attmeter, and energ, meter etc for measurement( And also to give signals to the
%rotection circuit and rela,s for an indication to various instrument to %erform their tasB(
'he, are of follo.ing t.o t,%es D
214 :oltage transformer 2PT) 24 Current transformer 2CT)
TAB!E83

S2

C.rrent tran3*)r5er 9&&:;S4itc+Yard 77& :; S4itc+ Yard

12 ',%e 3ingle %ole
72 ',%e of insulation 5utdoor
32 Rated s,stem voltage ;! B: ;> B:
92 Rated %rimar, current !!!91!!!9>!! Am% "!!96!!9;!! Am%
>2 Rated secondar, current 1 Am%
TAB!E 89
S2 ;)ltage tran3*)r5er 99& :; S4itc+ Yard 77& :; S4itc+ Yard
12 ',%e 3ingle %hase
72 Rated %rimar, voltage ;!/G8 B: ;>/G8 B:
32 Rated secondar, voltage 11!/G8 :
92 Rated *urden 1!! :A for each secondar,
3) I3)lat)r3 )r di3c)nnecting 34itc+:
It is a safet, device o%erated under no9load conditions in series .ith circuit *reaBer(
'he, are used for
For isolating e0ui%ment from *uses and for sectionali+ing *uses or circuits(
@hile taBing maintenance of circuit *reaBer(

TAB!E8>
S2

I3)lat)r3 99&:;S4itc+ Yard 77& :; S4itc+ Yard

12 Rated voltage ;! B: ;> B:
Page 17 of 7%
72 Rated current 81>! BA 1>! BA
32 Rated short time currents ;! BA rms for 8 sec
92 Rated %eaB short time
current
1!! BA
>2 ',%e of isolator Cori+ontal
62 ',%e of o%erating
mechanism
&otor o%erated isolator E earth s.itch manual
o%erated
9) !ig+tning arre3ter3 (!A):
5ver voltages in electrical s,stem are of t.o t,%es, i(e( internal and e-ternal( E-ternal over voltages
are caused *, lightning either through direct stroBes or induced( #ightning arresters are mainl, used
for %rotection against e-ternal overvoltage here non linear resistors are used as lightning arresters(
'hese resistors act as insulator u% to rated voltage *ut a*ove rated voltage act as conductor, and send
the surges to the ground( After discharge, the arrester again *ecomes an insulator( 'here one end is
connected to transmission line and other end is grounded(
727 AU@I!IARY P"#ER SUPP!Y SYSTEM
'he station au-iliar, %o.er su%%l, s,stem is classified in t.o categories of %o.er su%%l,D
1( Normal %o.er su%%l, 2Class9I: %o.er su%%l,4
( Emergenc, %o.er su%%l, 2Class9 I, II, III4
'he ma1or o*1ective in the design of electrical %o.er distri*ution s,stem in a %o.er %lant is
to o*tain the *est %ossi*le relia*ilit, com%ati*le .ith economic considerations( In a nuclear
%o.er %lant, *ecause of the im%lications of failure of certain sections of the s,stem, the
re0uirement for relia*ilit, is considera*l, greater(
Normal Po.er su%%l, derived from the grid via transmission lines( <ut in the case of nuclear
%o.er %lant, the normal %o.er su%%l, is derived from the grid via transmission line or %lant
generator or a com*ination of these(
Emergenc, electric %o.er su%%l, s,stems are classified into class III, class II, class I %o.er
su%%l, s,stems (According to the nature of %o.er su%%l, 2AC or )C4 and %ermissi*le %o.er
su%%l, interru%tion %eriod(
'he electrical su%%l, s,stem is classified in t.o division namel, )iv9I and )iv9II for the
%ur%ose of redundanc,( <oth division .orBs inde%endentl, in each class of %o.er su%%l,(
'he, are descri*ed *elo.D9
I4 E0ui%ment of each division is located in se%arate *uilding called station au-iliar,
*uilding 23A<s4(
II4 Each has a ca%a*ilit, to meet the re0uirement in emergenc, condition(
III4 5dd num*ering for instrument in )iv9I and even num*ering for instrument in )iv9II(
3ingle line diagram for the .hole electrical %o.er su%%l, s,stem used in %lant is sho.n in
Page 13 of 7%
the figure9;(
Figure9;( ',%ical 3ingle #ine )iagram of Electrical Po.er 3u%%l, 3,stem at Indian Nuclear Po.er
Page 19 of 7%
Plant
72721 Cla338I; -)4er 3.--l( 3(3te5 ()r5al P)4er S.--l( S(3te5)
'he normal %o.er su%%l, derives %o.er from the grid, %lant generator or some
com*ination of these( 'his %o.er su%%l, is generall, referred as class9I: %o.er su%%l,
s,stem and is interru%ti*le for longer duration .ithout affecting the safet, of the reactor
Class9I: su%%l, s,stem is also used to %rovide %o.er su%%l, to emergenc, electric
%o.er su%%l,(
'his is main su%%l, dra.n from ;!!B: grid or !B: grid or through 5/P of tur*ine
7enerator( 'his is converted into 6(6 B: and ;1>: through ste% do.n transformer( All
the loads are fed through class9I:( Po.er for class9I: station service electrical s,stem is
normall, availa*le from t.o sources( 'hese are the unit transformers, .hich are directl,
connected to the generator through IP<) 2Isolated Phase <us )uct4, E 7C< 27enerator
Circuit <reaBer4 and the start u% transformer .hich is connected to the !B:
s.itch,ard through EC: 2e-tra high voltage4 ca*les(
Po.er is availa*le at t.o different voltage levels, 6(6B: directl, from the .indings of
the a*ove mentioned transformers and ;1> volts via nine 6(6B:/;88: au-iliar,
transformers(
'here are four 6(6 B: *uses 2*us C9;1,C9;,C9;8,C9;;4 in each station, arranged in
t.o grou%s of t.o *uses C9;1,C9;8 are in )iv9 I and C9;,C9;; are in )iv9II(
'here are > au-iliar, transformers in )iv9I and ; au-iliar, transformers in )iv9II(
'he au-iliar, transformer from 'R1 to 'R6 are connected to 6(6 B: C#9I: s,stem(
And feed res%ectivel, to the *uses )9;1 to )9;6(
3tand*, au-iliar, transformer in )iv HI is %rovided i(e( 'R9?(
Au-iliar, transformer 'R9" su%%l,ing *us )9;? and Au-( 'R99 su%%l,ing *us )9;" are
%rovided to feed loads of .aste management %lant 2@&P4 and u%grading %lant 2U7P4
res%ectivel,(
'here are eight ;1> : *uses of .hich )9;1, )9;8, )9;>, )9;? in )iv9I and )9;, )9;;,
)9;6, and )9;" %resent in div9II(
'he ca%acit, of each au-iliar, transformer used in C#9I: is 1(6 &:A(
'he short circuit ca%acit, of C#9I: 6(6 B: *us is ;; BA rms for 1 sec(
'he short circuit ca%acit, of C#9I: ;1> : *us is >! BA rms for 1 3ec(
'here are various motor control centres 2&CC4 to feed the su%%l, to the motor
Page 1> of 7%
according to re0uirement( 'he, are located in various %lants(
&CC Num*er #ocation
&CC ;!1 to ;!6 'ur*ine *uilding
&CC ;!9 E ;1! Cooling .ater %um% house
&CC ;11, ;1 E ;18 Reactor au-iliar, *uilding
&CC ;1; )& Plant
&CC ;1> Chlorination %lant
72727 Cla338III -)4er 3.--l( 3(3te5:8

AC %o.er su%%l, s,stem normall, fed from class9I: %o.er su%%l, s,stem and *acBed
u% *, emergenc, )7Fs is called class9III %o.er su%%l, s,stem( 'he loads connected to
this %o.er su%%l, s,stem shall *e ca%a*le of tolerating short time %o.er su%%l,
interru%tion 2sa, 98 minutes4 and this interru%tion is considered in the %lant safet,
anal,sis(
Class9III of %o.er su%%l, also has t.o voltage level 6(6B: and ;1> :
Class9III gets %o.er *, t.o .a,s, the first is through class9I: E class9III ties, and
second one is through four )iesel 7enerators 2;!!!B@, 6(6B:, (" %f4( In normal
condition su%%l,ing through *, C#9I: su%%l, s,stem and if there is an, fault in class9
I: then )iesel 7enerators .ill start and load restoration taBes %lace se0uentiall,(
3ome loads 2motors, %um%s4 are essential to o%erate( 'he, can have some interru%tion
due to electrical failure, *ut canFt have %rolonged shutdo.n, so these e0ui%ments are
fed through class9III and that time electrical su%%l, is fed through four )iesel
7enerators ('he, can *e started .ithin 1 minute of interru%tion( 'here are t.o )iesel
7enerators in each division(
&a-imum load on diesel generator anal,+ed during condition of loss of coolant
accident 2#5CA4 i(e( 8669B@ so the rating of )iesel 7enerator is ;!!! B@(
(
'here are four 6(6 B: *uses 2*us C981,C98,C988,C98;4 in each station, arranged in
t.o grou%s of t.o *uses 2C981,C9884 are in )iv 9I and C98,C98; are in )iv 9II(
'here are eight ;1> : *uses of .hich *us )981, )988, )98>, )98? in )iv9I, and *us )9
8, )98;, )986, and )98" %resent in )iv9II(
'here are also > au-iliar, transformers in each unit(odd num*ering in div91 and even
num*ering in div ( Au-('r 1 to Au-('r 6 has rating 2 &:A, 6(6B:, and ;1>:4 And
Au- 'r? to Au-('r1! have rating 21 &:A, 6(6B:, and ;1>:4(
'he short circuit ca%acit, of C#9III 6(6 B: *us is ;; BA rms for 1 sec(
'he short circuit ca%acit, of C#9III ;1> : *us is >! BA rms for 1 sec(
Page 16 of 7%
72723 Cla338II -)4er 3.--l( 3(3te5:
Class9II su%%l, s,stem derives the su%%l, normall, through )C9AC inverter fed *, a AC9
)C converter connected to a class9 III AC s,stem( 'his s,stem is *acBed u% .ith *atter,
and %roviding an uninterru%ted AC su%%l, to the connected loads( 'he AC9)C converter
normall, su%%lies load through inverter and also charges the *atter, .hich %rovides in%ut
to the inverter in the event of class III failure(
'he class II %o.er s,stem has onl, one voltage level i(e( ;1>:(
In case of %o.er failure of class III Po.er su%%l,, the UP3 .ill dra. %o.er from *atter,
*anB and continue to feed class II loads( Po.er *atteries are designed to su%%l, the %o.er
for o%erating loads of class II *us for thirt, minutes(
'here are t.o *uses in class9II su%%l, i(e( )91 in )iv9I and )9 in )iv HII(
'here are t.o %o.er UP3 in class9II %o.er su%%l,( 5ne in each div(
'he short circuit ca%acit, of C#9II ;1> : *us is >! BA rms for 1 sec(
Po.er *atter, design is as follo.ing D
Num*er of cells91"! , <atter, voltage986! :
',%e of cell 9 lead acid *atter, .ith %lante /tu*ular t,%e
End of discharge voltage 9 1(? : %er cell
For *oost charging %o.er *atteries and a se%arate *oost charger is %rovided(
72729 Cla338I -)4er 3.--l( 3(3te5(DC P)4er S.--l():
)C su%%l, s,stem is normall, su%%lied from AC %o.er s,stem of the emergenc,
electric %o.er su%%l, s,stems through AC9)C converter 2rectifier4 .ith *atter, *anB(
In case of failure of AC %o.er to rectifier the *atter, continues to su%%l, to the loads
.ithout interru%tion(

'his is the most relia*le su%%l, used for logics, emergenc, lights, control %anels and
im%ortant s,stem liBe tur*ine tri% s,stem, and man, circuit *reaBers and all electrical
rela,s(
Each div in this s,stem consists of t.o *atteries, t.o ! : )C *oards, t.o control
automatic constant voltage rectifiers 2AC:R4, and common stand *, AC:R(
In div9I there is *us E911, E918 and in div HII *us E91, E91;(
'his %o.er su%%l, s,stem ca%a*le of feeding the control loads of its o.n su*division
for a %eriod of 1 hour and its emergenc, lighting load for a total %eriod of " hour(
Page 1% of 7%
'he AC:R are rated to su%%l, continuousl, the total load on one div of class9I
electrical control s,stem together .ith short time high charging current under float
condition(
Rating D ?> B@
In%ut voltage D ;1> :
5ut%ut voltage range D 1"! : to 8!! : )C(
'he stand*, AC:R is re0uired to Bee% the voltage a*ove ; : in case of *oost
charging or e0ualising charging and this can su*stitute an, AC:R 2e-( )uring
maintenance 4
Rating D ?> B@
In%ut voltage D ;1> :
5ut%ut voltage range D 1"! : to 8!! : )C(

'he design *asis for control *atteriesD
14 Num*er of cell considering ma-imum and minimum voltage E float voltage level(
4 End of discharge cell voltage is 1(" :/cell for lead acid *atter,(

84 For a lead acid *atter,, to charge a full, discharged *atter, in " hourD
<oost charge voltage D (?> :/cell
E0ualising charge voltage D (8> to (; :/cell
Float charge voltage D (1" to (> :/cell
;4 @hen there is an e0ualising charging or *oost charging, then *atter, is disconnected
from the s,stem(

*ased on a*ove consideration follo.ing design %arameter are decidedD
14 Float voltage %er cell I (> :/cell 2%lante4/(1":/cell 2tu*ular4

4 Num*er of cell /*atter, *anB I 1!;2%lante4/1!62tu*ular4

84 Normal float voltage I 8; : dc 2%lante4/88 : dc 2tu*ular4

;4 End of discharge voltage I 1"? : 2%lante4/191 : dc 2tu*ular4

>4 E0ualising voltage I >! : dc 2%lante4/>; : dc 2tu*ular4

64 <oost charging voltage I "6 : dc 2%lante4/9 : dc 2tu*ular4
Page 1< of 7%

?4 Am%ere hour ca%acit, of the *atter, I 6;>Ah 2%lante4/?!!Ah 2tu*ular4

"4 3hort circuit current su%%lied *, *atter, I ?BA momentar, and >(> BA for 8
3ec(
32 DESIG BASIS "$ P!AT E!ECTRICA! EAUIPMET
As %er a%%lica*le regulator, codes and guides follo.ing *asis/considerations shall *e
a%%lica*le for offsite, normal and emergenc, %o.er su%%l, s,stems(
321 "**3ite P)4er S.--l( S(3te53
&inimum of t.o transmission line connections shall *e %rovided *et.een the %lant
s.itch,ard and the grid and *oth should *e o%erating simultaneousl, for *etter relia*ilit,(
)istri*ution s,stem shall *e designed to minimi+e the simultaneous loss of t.o
transmission connections as a result of failure of transmission e0ui%ment(
At least one of the offsite connections to the s.itch,ard shall *e availa*le even under the
follo.ing conditions
i4 #oss of generating unit of NPPJ
ii4 #oss of largest generating unit of the gridJ
iii4 #oss of largest transmission line or inter9tieJ
iv4 #oss of largest load in the gridJ and
v4 #oss of a transmission line of NPP s.itch,ard(
)iscriminative %rotection shall *e %rovided(
It should *e %ossi*le to o%erate the unit on house load(
327 S4itc+(ard
Page 1= of 7%
3.itch,ard should have a minimum of t.o *uses(
3.itch,ard shall *e designed as %er Indian 3tandards and Code of Practices(
@here more than t.o transmissions lines are %rovided *et.een the grid and
s.itch,ard, the design should ensure the availa*ilit, of at least one transmission line
su*se0uent to the failure of an, single e0ui%ment(
In the event of loss of one of the %o.er su%%l, sources to normal %o.er su%%l, *uses,
an automatic *us transfer s,stem shall *e %rovided to restore %o.er to the affected *us from
the other su%%l, source(
323 )r5al P)4er S.--l( S(3te5
)uring normal start9u% or during normal o%eration of the unit, the station au-iliar, loads
can *e su%%lied either totall, *, the unit au-iliar, transformer 2U'4 or totall, *, start9u%
transformer 23U'4 of an, unit or %artl, *, U' and %artl, *, 3U'( )uring shutdo.n of the
unit, the station au-iliar, loads can *e su%%lied through 3U' of an, unit or through
generator transformer 27'4 and U' *, o%ening generator circuit *reaBer
5utage of U' or 3U' should not affect the normal o%eration of %o.er %lant( 'he
0uantities and ca%acities of these transformers shall *e designed accordingl,(
'.o or more circuits from the normal %o.er su%%l, sources to emergenc, electric %o.er
su%%l, s,stem shall *e %rovided(
Each circuit of normal %o.er su%%l, connections to emergenc, electric %o.er su%%l, shall
*e designed to %rovide sufficient ca%acit, and ca%a*ilit, to %o.er the e0ui%ment
connected to that circuit, .hich are im%ortant for safet, during normal o%eration and
)<Es(
'he normal %o.er su%%l, and emergenc, electric %o.er su%%l, s,stems shall *e
connected through a safet,9related isolating device 2e(g( circuit *reaBer4 located .ithin the
*oundaries of emergenc, electric %o.er s,stem(
@hen connected to emergenc, electric %o.er su%%l, s,stems, an, unacce%ta*le
degradation in this *us shall *e alarmed and automaticall, disconnected from the normal
%o.er su%%l,( 3u*se0uentl, the %o.er su%%l, shall *e restored from safet, related
emergenc, diesel generators(
Controls, indications and alarms re0uired to *e %rovided in the &ain Control Room
2&CR4 for normal Controls, indications and alarms re0uired to *e %rovided in the &ain
Control Room 2&CR4 for emergenc, %o.er su%%l, s,stem %o.er su%%l, s,stem(
At a multi9unit station, off9site %o.er su%%l, sources and s.itch,ard ma, *e shared
*et.een multi9units( 3tatus indication of shared circuit *reaBers shall *e availa*le in the
main control room of each of the units, .hich share these facilities(
329 E5ergenc( Electric P)4er S.--l( S(3te532
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Emergenc, electric %o.er su%%l, s,stems are safet, su%%ort s,stems and shall *e
designed to ensure the availa*ilit, of %o.er su%%lies to e0ui%ment and s,stems that are
essential toD
2i4 Reactor core cooling,
2ii4 Containment isolation and containment cooling and
2iii4 Prevent significant release of radioactive material to the environment
Emergenc, %o.er su%%l, s,stem shall come in to effect as soon as the normal %o.er
su%%l, s,stems are unavaila*le(
Emergenc, %o.er su%%l, s,stemFs shall *e designed to meet the single failure criteria(
Redundanc, and inde%endence shall *e ensured(
Emergenc, %o.er su%%l, s,stem shall *e ca%a*le of %erforming its intended function
.hen su*1ect to the effects of )<E( Emergenc, %o.er su%%l, s,stemFs shall *e ca%a*le
of o%erating in the environment to .hich the, are su*1ected to during normal o%eration
including the effects of )<E( E0ui%ment shall *e 0ualified to o%erate under )<E
conditions(
:oltage, current and fre0uenc, of the emergenc, %o.er su%%l, s,stem shall *e monitored
so as to ena*le corrective actions if the varia*les deviate from their acce%ta*le limits(
#oads connected to emergenc, %o.er su%%l, s,stemFs shall *e listed and loads im%ortant
to safet, and those not im%ortant to safet, shall also *e identified(
'he time se0uence in .hich the emergenc, %o.er su%%l, s,stem restores the safet,
s,stem loads shall match .ith the s,stem re0uirements(
3tead, state and transient voltage and fre0uenc, limits for emergenc, %o.er su%%l,
s,stemFs shall *e esta*lished and the, shall *e commensurate .ith the ca%a*ilit, of the
connected e0ui%ment(
&inimum %erformance limits for e0ui%ment/s,stem shall *e esta*lished(
Conditions during .hich emergenc, %o.er su%%l, sources should *e disconnected shall
*e identified(
Controls, indications and alarms re0uired to *e %rovided in the &ain Control Room
2&CR4 for emergenc, %o.er su%%l, s,stem(
A%%ro%riate identification of e0ui%ment associated .ith emergenc, %o.er su%%l,
s,stemFs shall *e ensured(
Access to areas housing emergenc, %o.er su%%l, s,stemFs shall *e controlled(
Connection of non9safet, s,stems to emergenc, %o.er su%%lies shall not degrade the
%erformance or availa*ilit, of emergenc, %o.er su%%lies(
Reactor *uilding electrical %enetrations shall ensure leaB tightness during )<E(
)iscriminative %rotection shall *e %rovided(
Effect of 3haring of emergenc, %o.er su%%l, s,stemFs *et.een t.o reactors shall *e
anal,+ed(
Provision for maintenance and testing of different com%onents of emergenc, %o.er
su%%l, s,stemFs shall *e %rovided(
Page 71 of 7%
92 E!ECTRICA! EAUIPMET DESCRIPTI"
921GEERAT"R TRAS$"RMER (GT)

7enerator transformer is located outdoors in the transformer ,ard near tur*ine *uilding( 'he 1 B:
terminals are connected to the generator via generator circuit *reaBer and to the unit transformer via
an isolated %hase *us s,stem( 'he ;! B: terminals are connected to the ;!! B: su*stations *,
overhead lines( )ue to high ca%acit,, 8 single %hase transformer as generator transformer are used(
Each has rating "!&:A(
7enerator 'ransformer 27'4 is 8 %hase ,>! C+ ,;!/1 B:, in standard connection $Nd11 star
grounded delta, in it high voltage side in star grounded to neutral and lo. voltage side is delta
connected ,high voltage side lead *, 8! degree to lo. voltage side( Cere .e use cooling %rocess oil
forced air forced 25FAF4 and is rated at ";! &:A having an im%edance of 1>K(
GEERAT"R , GEEART"R CIRCUIT BREABER RATIGS:

'he generator used here has a ca%acit, e0ual to ";! &:A and rated voltage of 1 B: at %o.er factor
!(">( 'he 7enerator Circuit <reaBer 27C<4 has continuous voltage rating 1 B: and current rating of
>BA(
927 START UP TRAS$"RMER (SUT):8
'he startu% transformer is rated at ?! &:A high voltage side( It is a four .inding transformer
C(: at ?! &:A and t.o #(: at 8> &:A each and one is tertiar, .inding(
It is connected to a 89%hase, >! C+, !B:/6(9B: .ith standard connection of $N,n!,nd1(
C: .inding is star connected to neutral resistance grounded and *oth #: .indings is
Page 77 of 7%
connected in star neutral connection also .ithout an, %hase angle( And delta connected
tertiar, .inding .ith 8! degree lagging %hase shift .ith C(: side( 'he startu% transformer
used oil forced air forced 25FAF4 cooling s,stem((
!"# ;"!TAGE #IDIGS
'he lo. voltage side has t.o .indings( <oth are star connected and are designed for o%eration
on 6(9 B: line to line voltages( And lo. voltage .inding is rated at 8> &:A each
TERTIARY #IDIG:
As the transformer is star connected on the high and lo. voltage sides a tertiar, .inding is
%rovided( 'he delta connected tertiar, %rovides a lo. im%edance %ath for +ero se0uence fault
currents and also %rovides a current %ath for tri%le fre0uenc, current(
No connections for the tertiar, .inding are *rought out from the transformer( A delta
*reaB%oint for testing %ur%oses is %rovided in the tertiar, .inding( 'his is in the form of *olted
1oint( 'his 1oint is %rovided for test %ur%ose onl,( 'he delta must *e closed at all times( If the
tertiar, is not closed, this .ould cause high voltage on the lo. voltage side( 'he tertiar, is rated
to *e self %rotecting
923 UIT TRAS$"RMER (UT)
'he t.o unit transformers are located outdoors in transformer ,ard near tur*ine *uilding( Under
normal o%erating conditions, the unit transformers carr, half of station service load, *ut these are
ca%a*le of carr,ing the total station service load( 'a*le96gives the details of Unit 'ransformer(
TAB!E86
S2 Pr)-ert( Rating
12 Phases and c,cle 8 %hase,>! C+
72 Rating C(: side ?! &:A
32 ',%e and cooling 5il forced air forced
92 C(:( .inding 1> B:, delta
>2 #(:( .inding 8(8 B:, star
Page 73 of 7%
62 :ector grou% ),n1,n1
%2 Rating at #(: side 8> &:A
<2 C(:( .inding 1 B:
=2 #(:( .inding 6(9 B:
>2 AUT"MATIC TRAS$ER SYSTEM

Each of class9I: 6(6 B: *uses C;19;; can drive %o.er either from unit transformer or from
start u% transformer( @henever there is a failure in one of the sources due to fault, Auto
transfer s,stem .ill *e initiated and su%%l, from the health, source .ill *e e-tended to
these *uses(
'he Auto 'ransfer scheme consists of D
a4 Fast transfer scheme *4 3lo. transfer scheme c4 In %hase transfer scheme
6(6 B: class9I: *uses are normall, fed from unit transformers and the feed from start u%
transformer act as stand*,( Auto 'ransfer s,stem is %rovided for each 6(6B: *us to restore
automaticall, class9I: %o.er su%%l, if an, of the a*ove %o.er su%%l, route is not availa*le
.hile the other %o.er su%%l, route is health,(
Auto transfer is initiated under follo.ing conditions9
i4 Faults in generator transformer or unit transformer or startu% transformer(
ii4 !B: *us fault
iii4 'ri%%ing of all ;!!B: transmission lines connected to s.itch,ard .hen
7enerator circuit *reaBer is o%en(

62 EMERGECY TRAS$ER SYSTEM (EMTR)

E&'R are safet, su%%ort s,stem and is designed to ensure the availa*ilit, of %o.er
su%%lies to e0ui%ment and s,stem that are essential to D
i4 Reactor core cooling
ii4 Containment isolation and containment cooling
iii4 Prevent significant release of radioactive material to the environment
E&'R is designed to meet the single failure criteria(
'he o*1ective of the E&'R is to reesta*lish %o.er su%%l, to class9III *uses su*se0uent to
class9I: Po.er su%%l, failure or failure of 6(6 B:/;1> : au-iliar, transformers in class HIII
*uses(
Programma*le logic control 2P#C4 .ill *e used in this E&'R s,stem( <ecause P#C is fast
acting, accurate .ith self diagnostic feature, relia*le trou*leshooting and data logging is
also %ossi*le(

Page 79 of 7%
E&'R %rovided for each division .orBs inde%endentl, from other division(
Each E&'R %anel .ill have t.o redundant %lcFs running inde%endentl, in %arallel all the
time(
E&'R is initiated under follo.ing conditionD
a4 #oss of normal C#9I: su%%l, to an, one or more num*er of 6(6B: C#9III *uses(
*4 #oss of su%%l, to ;1> : C#9III *uses to 6(6 B:/;88: au-iliar, transformer failure(
c4 Failure of UP3 in C#9II s,stem or #oss of C#9II 3u%%l,


C"C!USI"
'he vocational training has %roved to *e 0uite fruitful( It %rovided an
o%%ortunit, to understand Po.er %lant electrical e0ui%ment liBe
7enerator, 'ransformer, 3.itchgear and &otors etc(
'he la,out of the NPP 2Nuclear Po.er Plant4, is in the .a, that
various s,stems are linBed and .orBing of .hole %lant is controlled from
onl, one %lace, maBes the student reali+e that Engineering is not 1ust
learning the structured descri%tion and .orBing of various machines, *ut
the greater %art is of %lanning, %ro%er management and design anal,sis
*efore an, %lant is constructed(
Page 7> of 7%
THE TRAIIG HAS PR";ED T" BE AUITE $RUIT$U!2 IT HAS GI;E THE TRAIIG HAS PR";ED T" BE AUITE $RUIT$U!2 IT HAS GI;E
A "PP"RTUITY T" GET A E@P"SURE "$ THE PRACTICA! A "PP"RTUITY T" GET A E@P"SURE "$ THE PRACTICA!
IMP!EMETATI" 2 IMP!EMETATI" 2

TUSHAR GARG TUSHAR GARG
3 3
rd rd
YEAR (Electrical Engineering) YEAR (Electrical Engineering)
MPUAT, CTAE, UDAIPUR MPUAT, CTAE, UDAIPUR
RE$ERECES
1( htt%D//...(n%cil(nic(in/
( )esign note on design of class HI, class9IIE class HIII electrical s,stem
8( Electrical %o.er s,stems *, C(#(@adh.a
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