OBJECTIVES

The objectives of this project are as follows:

To design a network with 12 Nodes spaced 6km apart.
To determine the shortest path and shortest connecting tree of a node
To learn to distribute calls over a node
To learn how to identify the traffic and number of trunks per link
To determine if a node is capable of effective transmission by determining its attenuation and
resistance
To determine ower !udget of links on the network
age " 1
INTRODUCTION
Telephony is the technology associated with the electronic transmission of voice# fa$# or other information
between distant parties using systems historically associated with the telephone# a handheld device
containing both a speaker or transmitter and a receiver. %ith the arrival of computers and the transmittal
of digital information over telephone systems and the use of radio to transmit telephone signals# the
distinction between telephony andtelecommunication has become difficult to make.
&nternet telephony is the use of the &nternet rather than the traditional telephone company infrastructure
and rate structure to e$change spoken or other telephone information. 'ince access to the &nternet is
available at local phone connection rates# an international or other long(distance call will be much less
e$pensive than through the traditional call arrangement.
)n the &nternet# three new services are now or will soon be available:
The ability to make a normal voice phone call *whether or not the person called is immediately
available+ that is# the phone will ring at the location of the person called, through the &nternet at the
price of a local call
The ability to send fa$ transmissions at very low cost *at local call prices, through a gateway point on
the &nternet in major cities
The ability to send voice messages along with te$t e(mail
'ome companies that make products that provide or plan to provide these capabilities include: &-T
.orporation *Net2hone,# Netspeak# Net/change# 0ockwell &nternational# 1ocalTec# and
1o$speak.2mong uses planned for &nternet phone services are phone calls to customer service people
while viewing a product catalog online at a %eb site.
3ou can now add telephone capabilities to your computer by adding a telephony board# available for
under 4566#that combines the functions of modem# sound board# speakerphone# and voicemail system. 2
telephony board is often integrated into new machines targeted for small business and home office users.
2 Telephony 2& *T2&, is available from 7icrosoft and &ntel that allows %indows client applications to
access voice services on a server and that interconnects . and phone systems. !oth 7icrosoft and
Netscape provide or plan to provide support for voice e(mail.
Telephony encompasses the general use of e8uipment to provide communication over distances#
specifically by connecting telephones to each other. The technology is associated with the electronic
transmission of voice# fa$# or other information between distant parties using systems historically
associated with the telephone# a hand(held device containing both a speaker or transmitter and a receiver.
&t is commonly referred to as the construction or operation of telephones or telephonic systems and as a
system of telecommunications in which telephonic e8uipment is employed in the transmission of speech
or other sound between points# with or without the use of wires.
To break the term down into further detail# telephony is the science of translating sound into electrical
signals# transmitting them# and then converting them back to sound+ that is# the science of telephones. The
age " 2
term is used fre8uently to refer to computer hardware and software that performs functions traditionally
performed by telephone e8uipment. 9or e$ample# telephony software can combine with your modem to
turn your computer into a sophisticated answering service. 2 popular e$ample of this type of telephony
software is voice mail.
The term:s scope has been broadened with the advent of the different new communication technologies. &n
its broadest sense# the terms encompasses phone communication# &nternet calling# mobile communication#
fa$ing# voicemail and video conferencing. Telephony:s initial idea returns to )T'# *an acronym for
;plain old telephone service;, technically called the 'TN *public(switched telephone network,.
This system is being fiercely challenged by and to a great e$tent yielding to 1oice over & *1o&,
technology# which is also commonly referred to as & Telephony and &nternet Telephony. & telephony is a
modern form of telephony which uses the T.<& protocol populari=ed by the &nternet to transmit
digiti=ed voice data. 2lso# unlike traditional phone service# & telephony service is relatively unregulated
by government. &n the >nited 'tates# the 9ederal .ommunications .ommission *9.., regulates phone(
to(phone connections# but says they do not plan to regulate connections between a phone user and an &
telephony service provider.>sing the &nternet# calls travel as packets of data on shared lines# avoiding the
tolls of the 'TN. The challenge in & telephony is to deliver the voice# fa$# or video packets in a
dependable flow to the user. 7uch of & telephony focuses on that challenge.
SITE DEMOGRAPHY
NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION:
CLOSE TO 10 MILLION PERSONS
*0esults from the 2666 .ensus of opulation and ?ousing# N'),
age " 5
Population !o"t# !at$ %lo"$& &o"n to 1'0( p$!)$nt
The National .apital 0egion# which covers the 12 cities and five municipalities# recorded a total
population of @#@52#A66 persons in the 2666 .ensus of opulation and ?ousing *.ensus 2666,. This was
up by BCD#A26 persons as compared to @#BAB#6B6 persons recorded in the 1@@A .ensus of opulation
*).EN,. 9or the period 1@@A to 2666# the annual population growth rate for the National .apital
0egion was 1.66 percent# lower than that of the 1@@6 to 1@@A period *5.56 percent,. &f the current annual
population growth rate of the metropolitan area continues# the population is e$pected to double in 6A
years.
The number of households increased to 2#152#@D@ as compared to 1#@DA#2@@ households in 1@@A. The
average household si=e recorded in .ensus 2666 was B.65 persons# slightly lower than the 1@@A figure of
B.CB persons and the national average of five persons.
National Capital R$ion* t#$ %$)on& +i$%t !$ion in t#$ P#ilippin$% in t$!,% o- population
The National .apital 0egion ranked second# ne$t to 'outhern Tagalog *0egion &1,# in terms of
population si=e among the 16 regions in the hilippines# contributing 12.@D percent to the C6.A million
population of the country as recorded in the 2666 .ensus of opulation and ?ousing.
M$&ian a$ "a% ./ 0$a!%
age " B
National .apital 0egion had a median age of 2B years. This meant that in 2666# half of the population
were below 2B years old. &n 1@@A# the median age was 25 years.
2mong the 12 cities and five municipalities# 'an Fuan and 7akati .ity had the highest median age with
26 and 2A years# respectively. .aloocan .ity# 1alen=uela .ity# Gas iHas .ity# Navotas and Taguig had a
median age of 25 years and other cities<municipalities with 2B years.
S$1 !atio "a% !$)o!&$& at 23
&n .ensus 2666# the recorded se$ ratio was @C males for every 166 females. &n 1@@A# the se$ ratio was @A.
D$p$n&$n)0 !atio "a% 45
The proportion of young dependents *6 to 1B years, was 51.@ percent# while the proportion of old
dependents *6A years and over, accounted for 2.@ percent of the regional population. The proportion of
economically active population *1A to 6B years, made up 6A.2 percent of the total population.
The overall dependency ratio in 2666 was A5.5D. This meant that for every 166 persons aged 1A to 6B
years# there were about A5 dependents *B@ young dependents and four old dependents,.
Nin$ in t$n "$!$ Ro,an Cat#oli)%
7ajority *D@.16 percent, of the population of the National .apital 0egion were 0oman .atholics. &glesia
ni .risto *2.D@ percent, and Evangelicals *1.CB percent, followed.
A+out 26 p$!)$nt "$!$ lit$!at$
The proportion of household population 16 years old and over in National .apital 0egion who were able
to read and write a simple message was @D.1B percent. 7ales *@D.1C percent, literacy rate was almost the
same as that of the females *@D.11 percent,.
A7$!a$ nu,+$! o- )#il&!$n $7$!8+o!n "a% t"o
The average number of children ever(born in National .apital 0egion was two.
The city<municipality with the most number of women with eight or more children ever born was Navotas
with 1.A6 percent. 9ollowed by Gas iHas .ity at 1.BD percent.
Mo%t o- t#$ o7$!%$a% "o!9$!% "$!$ ,al$%
&n 2666# there were 16A#ACA overseas workers as compared to 1D2#55A overseas workers in 1@@A
).EN. 7ore than half *A6.A2 percent, of these overseas workers were males.
age " A
The population of overseas workers in 2666# had a median age of 5B years. This meant that half of the
overseas workers were below 5B years old. 9emale<s overseas workers had a median age of 2@ years#
younger than their male<s counterparts *5C years,.
El$)t!i)it0* ,ain %ou!)$ o- li#tin
7ajority *@2.6C percent, of the households used electricity for lighting# only 1.A1 percent used kerosene
or gaas and 1.CB percent# li8uefied petroleum gas *GI,.
The proportion of households using electricity as the main source of lighting was highest in ateros
*@A.61 percent,. &n Novotas# 5.12 percent of the households still used kerosene or gaas.
On$ in t"o #ou%$#ol&% &$p$n&$& on o"n u%$* -au)$t )o,,unit0 "at$! %0%t$, -o! pota+l$ "at$!
The main sources of water supply for drinking and<or cooking were own use# faucet# community water
system *A6.CD percent,+ shared# faucet community water system *2B.2@ percent,+ and shared# tubed<piped
deep well *@.6@ percent,.
Ma:o!it0 o- t#$ #ou%$#ol&% u%$& li;u$-i$& p$t!ol$u, a% -o! )oo9in
7ajority of the households used li8uefied petroleum gas *C1.D1 percent, as fuel for cooking+ 1C.6@
percent used kerosene and A.BB percent used electricity for cooking.
T#!$$ out o- %$7$n #ou%$#ol&% o"n$&< a,o!ti=$& t#$i! #ou%in unit%
2bout BD percent of the households owned<amorti=ed their houses. Those who occupied their housing
units for free with consent of the owner comprised 11.1C percent while 52.21 percent rented their housing
units.
age " 6
age " C
age " D
age " @
age " 16
age " 11
age " 12
age " 15
TE.?N&.2G N)TE'
A7$!a$ Hou%$#ol& Si=$ ( average number of people who live in the household
G!o"t# Rat$ ( the rate at which the population is increasing *or decreasing, in a given year due to natural
increase and net migration# e$pressed as a percentage of the base population
M$&ian A$ ( the age at which e$actly half of the population is young and half is old
S$1 Ratio ( the ratio of males to females in a given population e$pressed as the number of males per 166
females
A$8D$p$n&$n)0 Ratio ( the ratio of persons in the ;dependent; ages *under 1A years and over 6B years,
to those in the ;economically productive; ages *1A to 6B years old, in the population
Hou%$#ol& ( a social unit consisting of a person or a group of persons who sleep in the same housing unit
and have common arrangements in the preparation and consumption of food
Lit$!a)0 Rat$ ( the proportion of literates to the total population in a given group
The 2666 .ensus of opulation and ?ousing *.ensus 2666, was undertaken by the National 'tatistics
)ffice *N'), in 7ay 2666# as mandated by .ommonwealth 2ct No. A@1# !atas ambansa !lg. C2 and
E$ecutive )rder No. 121. &t was the 11th census of population and Ath census of housing undertaken in
this country since the first census in 1@65. &t was designed to take an inventory of the total population and
housing units all over the hilippines and to collect information about their characteristics. .ensus day for
the .ensus 2666 was 7ay 1# 2666 *12:61 a.m.,. Enumeration started on 7ay 1# 2666 and lasted for about
56 days.
NSO DATA
age " 1B
Total Population, Household Population and Number of Households
by Province, City, Municipality and Barangay: as of May 1,!!!
"total population includes institutional population#

$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
Province, City, Municipality Total Household Number of
and Barangay Population Population Households
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
C&T' () M*N&+* 1,,-1,!- 1,,.-,!/ 000,,12
P*N3*C*N 2/,!!0 2/,!!0 1.,012
Barangay -00 1,-1. 1,-1. 0-0
Barangay -01 1,010 1,010 ./
Barangay -0, 0,!10 0,!10 .,
Barangay -0. 1,-1- 1,-1- /.!
Barangay -02 ,.-- ,.-- .!!
Barangay -0- ,1/0 ,1/0 ,.1
Barangay -0/ ,/22 ,/22 .
Barangay -1! 1,,2- 1,,2- -/
Barangay -11 ,10! ,10! 11/
Barangay -1 ,22- ,22- ,-
Barangay -10 ,,--/ ,,--/ 1,!
Barangay -11 ,/! ,/! .11
Barangay -1, 1,/!0 1,/!0 0/1
Barangay -1. 1,211 1,211 01/
Barangay -12 ,222 ,222 ,0.
Barangay -1- 1,22, 1,22, 022
Barangay -1/ 1,/! 1,/! 1!
Barangay -,! ,!0! ,!0! 0--
Barangay -,1 2./ 2./ 121
Barangay -, 1,. 1,. /2
Barangay -,0 2!. 2!. 1,!
Barangay -,, ,2-- ,2-- ,21
Barangay -,. 1,,22 1,,22 02
Barangay -,2 1,211 1,211 0./
Barangay -,- 21, 21, 11.
Barangay -,/ 1,/2 1,/2 .0
Barangay -.! 1,1,! 1,1,! 0!/
Barangay -.1 1,1- 1,1- 11
Barangay -. 1,/2! 1,/2! 10,
Barangay -.0 1,20 1,20 0-1
Barangay -.1 -!. -!. 1.-
Barangay -., 1,21/ 1,21/ 0..
Barangay -.2 ,,12 ,,12 ,,1
Barangay -.- ,-.- ,-.- ,2.
Barangay -2! 1,.2, 1,.2, 0/
Barangay -21 ,,- ,,- 11.
Barangay -2 ,1-, ,1-, 1.-
Barangay -./

1,./1 1,./1 0.!

T(N3( ,/!,0!2 ,--,/00 11,1-/
Barangay 1 ,111 ,111 1,!
Barangay 1,,!- 1,,!- 0!/
Barangay 0 -.. -.. 1,
Barangay 1 1,-- 1,-- 0-!
Barangay , 1,,, 1,,, 001
age " 1A
Barangay . ,12 ,12 10/
Barangay 2 1,,/- 1,,/- 01-
Barangay - 1,!1 1,!1 0
Barangay / ..1 ..1 1,/
Barangay 1! ,- ,- 12
Barangay 11 1,-,2 1,-,, 110
Barangay 1 ,12! ,1.2 ,10
Barangay 10 ,110 ,110 1.2
Barangay 11 1,1/! 1,1/! 0!.
Barangay 1, 1,/1 1,/1 0/
Barangay 1. 1,-0! 1,-12 0.,
Barangay 12 1,1/ 1,1/ ,1
Barangay 1- ,.0 ,.0 1,!
Barangay 1/ ,1,! ,1,! 11.
Barangay ! /,.// /,./- .,.0!
Barangay , 0,!21 0,!21 12
Barangay . ,.-1 ,.-1 ,2,
Barangay - 1,1! 1,1! /-
Barangay / 0,/10 0,/10 210
Barangay 0! 1,.12 1,.12 0,-
Barangay 01 ,21- ,21- ,1
Barangay 0 1,-01 1,-01 01,
Barangay 00 1,11 1,11 -!
Barangay 01 1,-! 1,-! 0/!
Barangay 0, ,2 ,2 1!2
Barangay 0. 1,/ 1,/ 02
Barangay 02 1,/.- 1,/.- 11!
Barangay 0- ,/-1 ,/-1 .0!
Barangay 0/ 1,1.1 1,1.1 --.
Barangay 11 0,.1 0,.1 .10
Barangay 1 ,!1- ,!1- 11!
Barangay 10 ,.-- ,.-- ,,!
C&T' () M*N3*+4'(N5
.
2-,121 2,,1!. ,/,.-
*ddition Hills ./,--, ./,110 1,,1-1
Bagong 6ilang 1,1. 1,1. -,/
Barang7a 3rive 1,.2! 1,.2! ,.1,
Barang7a &baba -,/10 -,/10 1,//
Barang7a &laya 1,1.1 1,1.1 //2
Barang7a &taas 1!,-11 1!,21- ,1,/
Burol ,.01 ,.01 ,2
Buayang Bato 1,!-0 1,!-0 0
3aang Ba7al ,2/2 ,2/2 ,02
Hagdang Bato &taas /,2./ /,2./ ,!,2
Hagdang Bato +ibis .,!1 .,!1 1,,.
Harapin *ng Bu7as 0,/-1 0,/-1 -,0
High8ay Hills 1,101 1,101 ,.00
Hulo !,,-, !,,-, 1,011
Mabini%9: ;i<al .,11- .,11- 1,0,2
Malamig ,,-,0 ,,-0 1,0!-
Mau8ay 1.,-22 11,22, 0,00
Namayan 1,--/ 1,--/ 1,!-!
Ne8 =aiga ,,,,, ,,,,, 1,1/1
(ld =aiga ,,-10 ,,-11 1,.,
Pag%asa 0,-12 0,-0, 222
age " 16
Plainvie8 1,.!- 1,0 ,,,2
Pleasant Hills .,11, ,,//, 1,01/
Poblacion 11,2,1 11,2,1 0,1,
6an 9ose .,2 .,, 1,/.
>ergara 1,1,0 1,1,0 --1
?ac7%8ac7 5reenhills 0, 0,!1 22
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
C&T' () P*6&5
1!@ d@
,!,,!,- ,!0,!10 1!2,-0,
Bagong &log 1.,10 1.,101 0,,1
Bagong Aatipunan 1,!11 1,!11 !
Bambang 1-,/0, 1-,/0, 1,!!2
Buting 1!,1!- 1!,1!- ,1,1
Caniogan 0,,,0 0,,,0 ,,!1-
3ela Pa<
f
.,2.- .,21, 1,0-1
Aala8aan 1,1.1 !,,.1 1,11
Aapasigan .,12- .,1. 1,010
Aapitolyo 2,,-/ 2,,-/ 1,./2
Malinao 1,10 1,011 /1
Manggahan
g
0,.1, 0,,!/ .,-!!
Maybunga 1,,/ 1,,!/ ,,02!
(ranbo 0,,00 0,,00 -01
Palati8 1.,!1! 1,,-. 0,1,.
Pinagbuhatan .!,!, ,/,2,0 1,202
Pineda 1.,.,, 1.,,-- 0,,!1
;osario 1-,//- 1-,/10 11,/-1
6agad ,,..0 ,,.,0 1,1.1
6an *ntonio 1,.1! 1,,2/ /-1
6an 9oaBuin 1!,./1 1!,.,, ,112
6an 9ose 1,,2, 1,,2, 001
6an Miguel ,,,!1 ,,,!1 ,,02/
6an Nicolas "Pob:# 1,,/1 1,,22 00
6anta Cru< 0,.-2 0,.-2 211
6anta ;osa 1,1! 1,1! ,1
6anto Tomas .,10. .,1, 1,-0
6antolan 02,!,, 0.,/01 2,-1
6umilang ,,1,. ,,10 1,!.
4gong 1/,!01 1/,!01 0,---
6anta +ucia 01,,10 01,1.! .,-2/
Napico
11
0,.,1 0,,2- .,2.0

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
C4D=(N C&T' ,120,-01 ,1,-,0.2 1-!,.1
*licia .,!!0 ,,//2 1,20
*mihan 1,102 1,12 //1
*polonio 6amson -,20 -,20 .,101
*urora ,,12! ,,1!1 1,12,
Baesa 1,0,1 11,2/ /,1.,
Bagbag 0-,2// 0-,20, -,-.!
Bagumbuhay .,/11 .,/11 1,,2!
Bagong +ipunan Ng Crame 1!,0-- 1!,01 ,,!/
Bagong Pag%asa 0/,10 0/,10 /,1!2
Bagong 6ilangan 0,1/2 0,1/, /,01
Bagumbayan 2,,/2 2,,/2 1,,,-
Bahay Toro ,1,11- ,0,/1 11,1-1
age " 1C
Balingasa 1/,-, 1/,-, 1,1
Bayanihan 1,1/. 1,1/. -
Blue ;idge * 1,.21 1,.21 0!!
Blue ;idge B 1,01, 1,01, 0/
Botocan 2,1! 2,0-1 1,,/.
Bungad 1!,1-! 1!,1. ,1/2
Camp *guinaldo 1,0-0 1,0-0 -1/
Central 11,//- 11,//- 0,1.,
Claro 0,/,! 0,/,! /0,
Common8ealth 1!,,./ 11/,!,1 .,!.!
Batasan Hills 1!/,20 1!2,-1- 0,/!,
Aristong Hari 0,,1 0,,!/ 2--
Culiat 1/,.0/ 1/,,11 1!,-1
3amar 1,.,1 1,.,1 0/
3amayan -,2,- -,2,- 1,/0.
3amayang +agi 1.,2.! 1.,2,! 0,/01
3el Monte 1,/21 1,,11 ,.-0
3ioBuino =obel 1,-2. 1,-2. 112
3oa &melda 1,,211 1,,.0. 0,.0,
3oa 9osefa ,020 ,02 ,.,
3on Manuel 0,2/ 0,./ -1-
3uyan%duyan ,20, ,20, .,/
D: ;odrigue< 1.,/21 1.,/1. 0,-2,
Dast Aamias .,10 .,10 1,,1/
Dscopa & ,!,! ,!,! 12
Dscopa && ,!.! ,!.! 110
Dscopa &&& 2,,./ 2,,!0 1,,,,
Dscopa &> 1,21! 1,.1! 01.
)airvie8 0!,00 0!,!!2 .,01,
N: 6: *moranto "5intong 6ilahis# .,.-. .,.2- 1,.01
5ulod 1.,2!. 1.,2!1 1!,1,
Horseshoe ,-12 ,22. ,2/
&mmaculate Concepcion /,12 -,/,1 ,!,
Aaligayahan /,,-- /,,1- .,,!0
Aalusugan ,2/ ,!/ ,1/
Aamuning 11,,1. 10,.1. 0,!.
Aatipunan 1,/,/ 1,/,/ 100
Aaunlaran -, 2,/00 1,212
Arus Na +igas 12,/00 12,-2 0,/1/
+aging Handa ,,211 ,,../ 1,112
+ibis ,,/! ,,/! 1,02
+ourdes 0,1. ,-0 2//
+oyola Heights 11,, 10,22, 0,00!
Maharli7a ,,!/ ,,!// 1,1.
Malaya 1,22 1,22 1,!0/
Manresa 10,-/1 10,-2 0,120
Mangga 1/1 1/1 110
Mariana /,-11 /,1/- ,!,0
Mariblo 0,-0, 0,-0, -.0
Marilag -,2. -,2. ,!!0
Masagana 1,112 1,112 /10
Masambong 11,/0, 11,/1- ,,-/
Matalahib "6anto 3omingo# 1,/1! 1,/1 0,!-2
Matandang Balara .,2!0 .,.-, 10,1/
Milagrosa ,,2/1 ,,2/1 1,020
Nag7aisang Nayon 0-,,/- 0-,,/- -,.,,
age " 1D
Nayong Aanluran ,111 ,0-- ,/1
Novaliches Proper 1,!2- 1,!0- ,20.
(brero -,1!- 2,/., 1,-0.
(ld Capitol 6ite 1,/,. 1,/,. 1
Paang Bundo7 .,0-! .,00, 1,0,2
Pag%ibig 6a Nayon ,,,/ ,,,11 1,112
Paligsahan 1,.11 1,,1, ///
Palto7 1-,22 1-,1-! 0,//0
Pansol 1/,!! 1-,//- 0,-.
Paraiso 0,.,/ 0,.,/ 2--
Pasong Puti7 Proper !,-!1 !,.0, 1,2-
Pasong Tamo .1,.,. .1,.,. 10,-!/
Phil%*m 0,1/2 0,1, ,/,
Pinyahan -,,- -,1! .,2,1
Pinag7aisahan 2,11 2,1.. 1,,10
ProEect . 1!,211 1!,.1 ,/.
Cuirino %* 1,-,. 1,-,. 1,-1
Cuirino %B 0,.-. 0,.2. -2!
Cuirino %C ,-/2 ,-/2 21/
Cuirino 0%* 1,12, 1,1, ,/
;amon Magsaysay 11,/11 11,/11 0,!,
;oFas 1,/1- 1,/0- ,/10
6acred Heart .,-1 .,-1 ,!!/
6aint &gnatius 1,.- 1,.- /.
6aint Peter ,,!-! 1,-! /0,
6alvacion 2, 2, 1,/2
6an *gustin !,-,! !,2- 1,2/
6an *ntonio 1,/22 1,/1! 1,-1-
6an Bartolome 02,10- 0.,/.. 2,-2/
6an &sidro .,01/ .,01/ 1,02.
6an &sidro +abrador -,!. 2,/.- 1,.2,
6an 9ose ,,21 ,,21 1,0/
6an Martin 3e Porres /,2. /,2. ,,!.
6an ;oBue 1-,1. 1-,!/2 1,,.0
6an >icente .,10 .,10 1,112
6anta Cru< 1,11- 1,11- 1,-
6anta +ucia 1-,21 1-,21 0,/2/
6anta Monica 2,0,1 2,1/ ,,2/1
6anta Teresita .,.-, .,.-, 1,.!1
6anto Cristo /,01! -,/, ,!./
6anto Nio /,1,0 /,1,0 ,//
6antol -,!12 -,!!2 1,--!
6auyo 0!,!1- 0!,!1- .,.21
6ienna ,,111 ,,0,1 1,11
6i7atuna >illage ,,-0, ,,-10 1,1/,
6ilangan ,,0 ,,0 1,0!1
6ocorro 1/,.! 1/,1. 1,-1,
6outh Triangle 2,-12 2,2// 1,--1
Tagumpay 0,1,. 0,1,. .2,
Talayan 1,.-0 1,.-0 1,1.
Talipapa .,212 .,.-! ,,-1/
Tandang 6ora 1.,,!! 1.,1/0 /,-/
Tatalon ,,!21 ,,!!/ 1,.2
Teachers >illage Dast ,/20 ,/20 .-.
Teachers >illage ?est 0,-!1 0,2., -!,
4:P: Campus 0,. 0,11, ,,1-.
4:P: >illage 0,.// 0,.// -1/
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4gong Norte .,/,/ .,/,/ 1,1!/
4nang 6iga8 .,,!, .,,!, 1,,!,
>alencia ,,!1! ,,!!2 1,!/2
>asra .,,. .,,. 1,120
>eterans >illage /,., /,,1 ,101
>illa Maria Clara ,1.1 ,1,- 1-0
?est Aamias 1,.11 1,.11 1,!.0
?est Triangle ,.!1 ,,2! ,1
?hite Plains 0,2/1 0,22- 2,
Balong Bato 2,/! 2,/! 1,2,-
Capri 11,211 11,111 ,,2.
6angandaan 1,022 1,-/ 1,-/1
Payatas 11,./! 111,22 1,1.1
Ne8 Dra ,,,1! ,,!,2 1,!/1
Holy 6pirit -/,1,. --,0!. 1/,1-
5reater +agro
11
1/,.0 1/,.2 0,/10
North )airvie8
11
1.,02 1.,!1- 0,1,

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
A*+((A*N C&T' "N(;TH# 1,122,.!1 1,121,.20 1/,,.2
Barangay 1., !,0,- !,01/ 1,2/0
Barangay 1.. 10,0., 10,0., 0,1!,
Barangay 1.2 1/,11 1/,11 1,0!/
Barangay 1.- 1/,.2, 1/,.2 1,!!
Barangay 1./ 0,/.1 0,/.1 2,.
Barangay 12! -,./. -,./. 1,//1
Barangay 121 00,1, 00,1- 2,1,-
Barangay 12 1,,/., 1,,/., 0,1.
Barangay 120 /,21, /,21, ,!11
Barangay 121 11,22- 11,22- 0,111
Barangay 12, 01,-10 01,2/, 2,0,
Barangay 12. 1--,11/ 1--,110 0-,0--
Barangay 122 ,!,/0- ,!,-10 1!,.-0
Barangay 12- .1,11- .1,11- 10,0./
Barangay 12/ 1-,.1, 1-,.1. 0,-01
Barangay 1-! -,2// -,2// 1,21
Barangay 1-1 1.,2/ 1.,2/ 0,1.1
Barangay 1- 2,,-. 2,,-0 1,,2
Barangay 1-0 0,11 0,11 .,-
Barangay 1-1 ,!.. ,!., 1,2
Barangay 1-, 12,.21 12,.2! 0,.-
Barangay 1-. 11,1-1 11,1-1 ,0-.
Barangay 1-2 11,.20 11,,-, ,.!-
Barangay 1-- 11,-12 11,. 0,1

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
C&T' () >*+DN=4D+*
1
1-,,100 1-1,!12 1!.,0-
*r7ong Bato -,.0 -,.0 1,-/.
Bagbaguin 1,1.- 1,112 ,/..
Balang7as -,/1/ -,/1/ 1,--
Parada 11,/21 11,/21 ,.01
Bignay 1,1!/ 1,1!/ /,!
Bisig 1,120 1,120 01
Canumay ,,00 ,,00 .,!2!
Aaruhatan 0.,,/! 01,.!1 2,.10
age " 26
Coloong -,/0. -,/0. 1,/,
3alandanan 1,-1! 1,-1! 1,22.
Hen: T: 3e +eon 2,01 21,,0 1,,.02
&sla 0,110 0,110 20
+a8ang Bato 10,02 10, 0,1.-
+ingunan 11,-2, 11,-2, ,...
Mabolo 1,10- 1,10- 01!
Malanday 11,-2, 11,-21 0,000
Malinta 10,22! 10,,., /,0
Mapulang +upa 1/,/1 1/,/1 1,0,0
Marulas ,.,1,1 ,,,-11 1,12-
Maysan 1,,0/ 1,1., 1,-01
Palasan ,,1/, ,,1/, 1,!--
Pariancillo >illa 1,10. 1,10. 0!!
Paso 3e Blas 1,.0 11,/0 ,2.2
Pasolo ,,// ,,// 1,1,1
Poblacion .2 .2 ,-
Pulo 1,!!1 1,!!1 !
Punturin -,,, -,1., 1,-,1
;incon ,,!!/ ,,!!/ 1,!,.
Tagalag ,.-2 ,.-2 ,.
4gong 1,/1- 1,/1- ,,,/!
>iente ;eales 12,-!! 12,-!! 0,-/
?a8ang Pulo ,,-! ,,-! ,,1

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

C&T' () M*A*T&
1@ b@
111,-.2 11,111 /-,,
Bang7al ,100 1,1!1 1,-.-
Bel%*ir /,00! /,-2 ,0/1
Cembo ,,-1, ,,2,, ,,--2
Comembo 11,121 11,121 0,!.
Carmona 0,.// 0,.// 2.1
3asmarias ,,2,2 ,,2,! ///
Dast ;embo 0,/! 0,-// ,,11
)orbes Par7 0,1! 0,1! ,2
5uadalupe Nuevo ,1/0 ,11. 1,-/2
5uadalupe >ieEo 10,.0 10,,1 0,!.!
Aasila8an .,1 .,1 1,0
+a Pa< -,-10 -,2,. 1,-2/
Magallanes 2,,!/ 2,,!/ 1,.,
(lympia !,12 !,!.! 1,021
Palanan 1.,.11 1.,,-/ 1,1-
Pembo 0,,!0, 0,,!0, 2,.00
Pinag7aisahan .,1-. .,1.1 1,01,
Pio 3el Pilar ,1/, ,0/. ,,1!
Pitogo 10,0.2 10,0.2 ,/22
Poblacion 1.,./2 1,,/!1 0,,1
Post Proper Northside
c
G G G
Post Proper 6outhside
c
G G G
6an *ntonio 1,. 1,1-2 ,.,
6an &sidro -,.-. -,.00 1,/!1
6an +oren<o .,1-2 .,1-2 ,!1
6anta Cru< 2,11/ 2,11/ 1,20
6ing7amas .,. .,. 1,./
6outh Cembo 10,,2! 10,,2! 0,!.1
TeEeros 1.,-! 1.,-! 0,.--
age " 21
4rdaneta 0,-12 0,-12 -/!
>alen<uela ,,/!- ,,/!- 1,0,.
?est ;embo -,--/ -,-11 .,1
;i<al
,
02,! 0.,/1! 2,-11

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

MD'C*4*'*N 1.0,!02 1.,-1 01,--
Bagbaguin 0,-12 0,-12 -1!
Bahay Pare 2,11. 2,11! 1,.0
Bancal 11,0,- 11,0,. ,10!
Banga ,2! ,2! ,-0
Bayugo 1,.11 1,.11 /,/
Calvario .,,-0 .,,-0 1,111
Camalig 1,01 1,01 /-1
Hulo 1,,1! 1,,!2 0,
&ba 2,1,, 2,02, 1,211
+ang7a ,-2 ,-2 .!,
+a8a -,10 -,10 1,-01
+ibtong .,,2. .,,2. 1,,/
+iputan 1,1.2 1,1.2 -2
+ongos 0,10. 0,10. 210
Malhacan 1,,!/ 1,121 1,2!!
PaEo ,/-, ,/2/ .,-
Pandayan 1,,..1 1,,..1 0,!12
Pantoc 2,1,. 2,1,. 1,.1,
Pere< 1,2/ 1,2/ ,12,
Poblacion 1/ 1. ,.
6aluysoy 11,-! 10,.. ,/.,
6aint )rancis 1,.!1 1,.!1 01.
Tugatog ,,0/0 ,,0/0 1,1!-
4bihan ,. ,. ,/
=amora 0,., 0,., .-!
Caingin 0,1// 0,1// 2-
HO>SEHOLD POP>LATION S>MMARY
age " 22
Node A
Barangay/Tow
n
Number of
Households
Bel-Air 2394
Forbes Park 527
Pinagkaisahan 1315
Pio Del Pilar 5210
Urdaneta 90
TOTAL 1033!
Node B
Barangay/Town
Number of
Households
Bag"#ba$an 155
%a#& Ag"inaldo 19
'hite Plains 725
(igh)a$ (ills 2!!3
'a*k )a*k
+reenhills
727
,an Antonio 94
Ugong 3
TOTAL 113!4
Node D
Barangay/Town
Number of
Households
-ondo Baranga$
20
!!30
Baranga$ 25 427
Baranga$ 2! 575
Baranga$ 2 92
Baranga$ 29 743
Baranga$ 30 35
Baranga$ 31 524
Baranga$ 32 315
Baranga$ 33 02
Baranga$ 34 390
TOTAL 11!92
Node E
Barangay/Tow
n
Number of
Households
Da#a$an 193!
.ariblo !3
/a$ong
0anl"ran
591
Paltok 3993
Phil-A# 595
,anta %r"1 122
-ala$an 112!
'est -riangle 542
TOTAL 1074
Node
Barangay/Tow
n
Number of
Households
0r"s /a 2igas 3919
Pansol 3!2
UP %a#&"s 51!
TOTAL 129!7
Node !
Barangay/Town
Number of
Households
Fair3ie) !315
Pasong P"tik
Pro&er
427
TOTAL 10593
Node H
Barangay/Tow
n
Number of
Households
-ali&a&a 549
Ugong 5590
TOTAL 11439
Node I
Barangay/Tow
n
Number of
Households
.alinta 9232
4in*on 105!
TOTAL 102
age " 25
Node "
Barangay/Town
Number of
Households
Bagong
,ilanganan
9312
Node #
Barangay/Tow
n
Number of
Households
2angka !05
2ibtong 1529
.alha*an 4700
Bigna$ 950
P"nt"rin 151
TOTAL 9!35
Node L
Barangay/Town
Number of
Households
0alookan Brg$5
17
133!9
Nu,+$! o- C!o%% Conn$)t% P$! No&$:
Cross$Conne%&s/Node
Node A 3
Node B 4
Node C 5
Node D 4
Node E 4
Node 4
Node ! 3
Node H 4
Node I 3
Node " 3
Node # 3
Node L 4
age " 2B
@.Dkm
D.6km
D.Bkm
@.Ckm
D.Dkm
C.@km
D.Ckm
15.6km
6.1km
MESH DIAGRAM
age " 2A
Dkm
Dkm
D.2km
C.@km
@.Akm
11.Bkm
m
@km
2
(
6
F 7
D
A
%
D.5km
B
11km
8
6.@km
+
0
D.2km
11.Akm
15.5km
D.6km
SHORTEST PATH ?9,@:
)ne of the main concerns in telephony is the routing of the call. The system should route each
call in a secure and highly reliable path. To be able to do this# a model of the system is necessary.
2 model is a representation of some properties of the system. The properties needed in the model
depend on the type# purpose and comple$ity of the desired model. &n order to be realistic# a model should
include all the important features of the system it is supposed to represent. The model can be defined by a
set of mathematical e8uations. &t can be analysed or is capable of being physically simulated.
The shortest connecting tree is the network that will re8uire the minimum cost of the
interconnecting the nodes of the system.
NODE A
age " 26
AB(C.@
AC(D
AD( 2.J.- K 16
AE(2!J !E K16.@
AA(2!J9!K16.1
AG( 2FJ FIK 2@.1
AH( 2EJE?K2A.1
AI82-J-&K2C
AJ829J9FK25
AB82?J?LK5B.D
AL82IJIGK5D.@
NODE B
age " 2C
BA8 C.@
BC8 11.B
BD(1@.B
BE(@
BA(D.2
BG(21.2
BH(1C.2
BI(26.A
BJ(1A.1
BB(2D.@
BL( 26
NODE C
age " 2D
CA8D
CB811.B
CD8D
CE8@.A
CA8 1D.1
CG82A.D
CH81C.C
CI81@
CJ822.D
CB82C.B
CL826.A
NODE D
age " 2@
DA816
DB81C.5
DC8D
DE8D.5
DA816.@
DG82B.6
DH816.A
DI811
DJ821.6
DB81@.B
DL82A.5
NODE E
age " 56
EA8 16.@
EB8 @
EC8 @.A
ED8 D.5
EA8 D.6
EG8 16.5
EH8 D.2
EI8 11.A
EJ8 15.5
EB8 1C.@
EL8 1C
NODE A
age " 51
AA816.1
AB8D.2
AC8D.1
AD816.@
AE8D.6
AG815
AH816.D
AI826.1
AJ86.@
AB826.A
AL81@
NODE G
age " 52
GA82@.1
GB821.2
GC82A.D
GD82B.6
GE816.5
GA815
GH8D.1
GI816.C
GJ86.1
GB81C.D
GL8 @.D
NODE H
age " 55
HA82A.1
HB81C.2
HC81C.C
HD816.A
HE8D.2
HA816.D
HG8D.1
HI8D.6
HJ815.6
HB8@.C
HL8D.D
NODE I
age " 5B
IA82C
IB826.A
IC81@
ID811
IE811.A
IA826.1
IG816.C
IH8D.6
IJ822.2
IB8D.B
IL81C.1
NODE J
age " 5A
JA825
JB81A.1
JC822.D
JD821.6
JE815.5
JA86.@
JG86.1
JH815.6
JI822.2
JB826.D
JL81A.1
NODE B
age " 56
BA85B.D
BB826.@
BC82C.B
BD81@.B
BE81C.@
BA82C.C
BG81D.A
BH8@.C
BI8D.B
BJ8 2B.6
BL8D.C
NODE L
age " 5C
LA85A.1
LB82C.2
LC826.A
LD82A.5
LE81C
LA81@
LG8@.D
LH8D.D
LI81C.1
LJ812.1
LB8D.C
CALL DISTRIB>TION:
age " 5D
Household 'o(ula&)on *ummary
To&al +,
Node A 10021 502
Node B 113!4 5!9
Node C 1!317 1!
Node D 11!92 55
Node E 1074 544
Node 129!7 !49
Node ! 10593 530
Node H 11439 572
Node I 102 515
Node " 10312 51!
Node # 10035 502
Node L 133!9 !!9
NODE A:
age " 5@
NODE B:
age " B6
NODE C:
age " B1
NODE D:
age " B2
NODE E:
age " B5
NODE A:
age " BB
NODE G:
age " BA
NODE H:
age " B6
NODE I:
age " BC
NODE J
age " BD
NODE B
age " B@
NODE L
age " A6
CALL DISTRIB>TION DIAGRAM ?Call% p$! lin9@:
age " A1
Call Di%t!i+ution T!un9%:
age " A2
Channels/L)
n-
Number of
Calls .C/
Tra0% .A/
Number of
Trun-s .n/
AB 14!5
45333333
3
!0
AC 75
2951!!!!!!
7
39
B 1009
335!333333
3
4!
BE 5 195! 2
BC 397
1352333333
3
21
CE 517
1752333333
3
27
CD 123
4152!!!!!!
7
52
DE 530
175!!!!!!!
7
2!
DI 959
3159!!!!!!
7
42
E 52 175! 2!
EI 299
959!!!!!!!
7
17
EH 9!1
3250333333
3
42
E" 29!
95!!!!!!!
7
17
" 110
3953333333
3
50
!" 1154
354!!!!!!
7
49
!H 411 1357 21
!L 1052
3550!!!!!!
7
45
H" 27
955!!!!!!!
7
17
HL 519 1753 25
H# 474 155 24
HI 411 1357 21
I# 913
3054333333
3
39
#L !40
2153333333
3
27

age " A5
S>BSCRIBERCS LOOP:
%here:
D Total !undled Twisted air %ire 0esistance *M,
D !undled Twisted air %ire 0esistance per length at 26 . *M<km, K 66'3
D Total !undled Twisted air %ire 2ttenuation *d!,
D !undled Twisted air %ire 0esistance per kilometre at 26 . *d!<km, K 1'//
D Gength of !undled Twisted air %ire *km,
D Total -rop %ire 0esistance *M,
D -rop %ire 0esistance per length at 26 . *M<km,K 5('4
D Total -rop %ire 2ttenuation *d!,
D -rop %ire 0esistance per length at 26 . *d!<km, K 0'6/
D Gength of -rop %ire *km,
D ?andset 0esistance *M, K .(0
D Total 0esistance *M,
D Total 2ttenuation *d!,
age " AB
S>BSRCIRBERSCS LOOP S>MMARY:
Node
Cross
Conne%&
A
15000 1540! 1245734 25025 25003 3!5500 15!2 4215234 35707
25000 1540! 1245734 25025 15125 3!5500 05945 4215234 25970
35000 1540! 1245734 25025 15320 3!5500 15109 4215234 35134

B
15000 15500 1335050 251!0 153 3!5500 15544 4295550 35704
25000 15! 1495!1 25430 25400 3!5500 2501! 44!511 4544!
35000 15031 915472 1545 1545 3!5500 15247 375972 25732
45000 15313 11!5419 1590 15733 3!5500 15455 4125919 35345

%
15000 15125 9957 15!20 05990 3!5500 0532 39!52 25452
25000 15313 11!5419 1590 15230 3!5500 15033 4125919 25923
35000 0593 3515! 15350 1502 3!5500 05!3 3795!5! 25213
45000 15500 1335050 251!0 15755 3!5500 15474 4295550 35!34
55000 15313 11!5419 1590 25903 3!5500 2543 4125919 4532

D
15000 15125 9957 15!20 25423 3!5500 25035 39!52 35!55
25000 054!9 41557 05!75 15470 3!5500 15235 33507 15910
35000 05375 3352!3 05540 1590 3!5500 15!!3 32957!3 25203
45000 05!5! 55209 05945 15!20 3!5500 153!1 3545709 2530!

7
15000 0521 245947 05405 2540 3!5500 25022 3215447 25427
25000 15031 915472 1545 25445 3!5500 25054 375972 35539
35000 15313 11!5419 1590 15733 3!5500 15455 4125919 35345
45000 05!5! 55209 05945 253!3 3!5500 1595 3545709 25930

F
15000 05750 !!5525 1500 159 3!5500 15!70 3!35025 25750
25000 15031 915472 1545 05713 3!5500 05599 375972 2504
35000 05375 3352!3 05540 05740 3!5500 05!22 32957!3 151!2
45000 0544 74541 15215 1541 3!5500 15191 3715341 2540!

+
15000 0593 3515! 15350 1544 3!5500 1521! 3795!5! 255!!
25000 0521 245947 05405 25400 3!5500 2501! 3215447 25421
35000 055!3 49594 0510 255 3!5500 25174 34!5394 2594
age " AA

(
15000 0593 3515! 15350 15770 3!5500 1547 3795!5! 2537
25000 15125 9957 15!20 255 3!5500 25174 39!52 35794
35000 05750 !!5525 1500 15223 3!5500 15027 3!35025 25107
45000 05!5! 55209 05945 1545 3!5500 15247 3545709 25192

8
15000 05750 !!5525 1500 15253 3!5500 15052 3!35025 25132
25000 05!5! 55209 05945 15012 3!5500 0550 3545709 15795
35000 055!3 49594 0510 157!7 3!5500 1544 34!5394 25294
45000 05473 415911 05!0 253!0 3!5500 1592 335411 25!!3

6
15000 054!9 41557 05!75 05934 3!5500 0574 33507 15459
25000 15125 9957 15!20 0555 3!5500 05491 39!52 25111
35000 0521 245947 05405 15!91 3!5500 15420 3215447 1525
05000 05000
0
15000 15031 915472 1545 25423 3!5500 25035 375972 35520
25000 05750 !!5525 1500 255! 3!5500 25157 3!35025 35237
35000 15219 105103 15755 05934 3!5500 0574 4045!03 25539

2
15000 05750 !!5525 1500 05900 3!5500 0575! 3!35025 153!
25000 0593 3515! 15350 255 3!5500 25174 3795!5! 35524
35000 05!5! 55209 05945 15223 3!5500 15027 3545709 15972
45000 15031 915472 1545 1545 3!5500 15247 375972 25732
age " A6
POEER B>DGET CALC>LATION:
Opti)al Po"$! Bu&$t
The difference between transmitter power and receiver sensitivity is defined as the optical power budget
*or margin,. ower loss in the link must not e$ceed this value.
Transmitter power is defined as the minimum peak optical power injected into the fiber by the optical
transmitter
0eceiver sensitivity is defined as the minimum received peak optical power that will produce a recovered
electrical signal with timing distortion less than J B nanoseconds. 2llowing for receiver sensitivity is
e$tremely important in environments where single mode to multi mode converters are used.
Allo)atin t#$ Opti)al Po"$! Bu&$t
The optical power budget available for each fiber optic link must be allocated into three categories:
o 7arginal Goss ( To protect against deterioration of fiber or component performance# 5 &B of the
power budget for each link is reserved as an aging margin.
o 9iber 2ttenuation ( '/&+<9,
o .onnector Goss( connectors have a ma$imum loss of 1'0 &B for each fiber(to(fiber connection.
This connector loss must be allowed for when calculating your optical power budget.
Sa,pl$ Co,putation:
age " AC
'ower Budge& Com(u&a&)on

D)s&an%
e
Conne%&o
r
)ber
Loss
1arg)nal
Loss
'ower
Budge&
AB 759 4 351! 3 1051!
AC 4 352 3 1052
B 52 4 352 3 1052
BE 9 4 35! 3 105!
BC 1154 4 455! 3 1155!
CE 955 4 35 3 105
CD 4 352 3 1052
DE 53 4 3532 3 10532
DI 11 4 454 3 1154
E 5! 4 3544 3 10544
EI 1155 4 45! 3 115!
EH 52 4 352 3 1052
E" 1353 4 5532 3 12532
" 5! 4 3544 3 10544
!" !51 4 2544 3 9544
!H 51 4 3524 3 10524
!L 95 4 3592 3 10592
H" 135! 4 5544 3 12544
HL 5 4 3552 3 10552
H# 957 4 35 3 105
HI 5! 4 3544 3 10544
I# 54 4 353! 3 1053!
#L 57 4 354 3 1054
NOTE: SPLICE LOSS EERE NOT CONSIDERED SINCE THE CABLE EFTENDS >P TO
.0BM
age " AD
CONCL>SION
!uilding a 12(Node design of a telephone network re8uires time# patience and diligence.
Lnowledge from simple finding of the shortest path# to the more complicated .all -istribution# to
'ubscriberNs loop are some of the re8uirements for this projectNs copmpletion.
The first step# is to find sites for your network. &nitial re8uirements is that the site should
encompass a re8uired number of household# 16#666 for this project. 2nother factor would be its access to
the main road as the installation of cables will be easier. Gike most designs# the project would be
considered successful if it the Ouality of 'ervice is good and there is a good revenue. .hecking for the
ower !udget and 2ttenuations are some of the factors to determine the success of transmission of the
design.
)verall# the 12 chosen nodes seem to be a good choice as the chosen locations provide ade8uate
subscribers for regular data consumption. 'ince the site is located in 7etro 7anila and demand for data is
always welcome and wanted# profit is inevitable.
2s for the project making and documentation# this is not as tedious and as stressful as the
7icrowave as the tasks are relatively easier. This project is also not as dependent on the first step# a site
with insufficient subscribers can be solved by moving your chosen location adjacent.
This project is a second time for me# unlike my first# this project was done with haste. 'ame as
with the first# & have learned that working ahead of time is much more time efficient. & did this project one
step at a time# slowly but certainly less stressful than doing it in one or two all(nighters. This design was a
very good learning e$perience for me as this project# unlike other# actually forced me to learn and apply
NE.E''203 skills in line with the course. This project made me more interested in the subject. & firmly
believe that my grades does not reflect what & learned.
age " A@