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Computers and people both use algorithms to solve problems by changing data into information. Computers can only perform simple steps sequentially, so complex human algorithms must be broken down into simple step-by-step instructions. Problem solving involves understanding the current and desired states and creating instructions to transform one into the other. All computer programming uses three basic constructs: sequence, selection, and iteration. Flowcharts and pseudocode are used to visualize and describe algorithms using these constructs.
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Originaltitel
00 - Introduction to Problem Solving and Algorithms
Computers and people both use algorithms to solve problems by changing data into information. Computers can only perform simple steps sequentially, so complex human algorithms must be broken down into simple step-by-step instructions. Problem solving involves understanding the current and desired states and creating instructions to transform one into the other. All computer programming uses three basic constructs: sequence, selection, and iteration. Flowcharts and pseudocode are used to visualize and describe algorithms using these constructs.
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Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
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Computers and people both use algorithms to solve problems by changing data into information. Computers can only perform simple steps sequentially, so complex human algorithms must be broken down into simple step-by-step instructions. Problem solving involves understanding the current and desired states and creating instructions to transform one into the other. All computer programming uses three basic constructs: sequence, selection, and iteration. Flowcharts and pseudocode are used to visualize and describe algorithms using these constructs.
Copyright:
Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
Verfügbare Formate
Als PDF, TXT herunterladen oder online auf Scribd lesen
Problems • A Problem exists when what we have • Computers also use Algorithms to solve • Problem Solving is the ability to (Data) is not the same as what we want problems, and change data into understand what you have, what you want, (information) information and creating a set of instructions to • People create a solution (called an • Computers can only perform one simple change what you have into what you want Algorithm) which manipulates Data into step at a time • Good Problem Solving Skills are based on Information • Complex “Human” Algorithms must be knowledge, experience and logic • People do this quickly and often in a broken down into simple step-by-step • Good Programmers NEVER make complex way instructions BEFORE they can be assumptions translated into computer code Introduction to Problem Solving Introduction to Problem Solving Introduction to Problem Solving and Algorithms and Algorithms and Algorithms
Problem Solving Steps Flowcharts and Pseudo Code Flowcharts
1. Identify the Problem • A “Standard” way of describing an • A Flowchart is a Visual Representation of 2. Understand and Analyze the Problem algorithm must exist if we expect our an algorithm 3. Identify Alternatives to Solve the Problem solution to be understood by others easily • A Flowchart uses easy-to-understand 4. Choose the Best Alternative to Solve the • There are two standards in programming: symbols to represent actions on data and Problem – FLOWCHARTS the flow of data 5. Implement the Chosen Alternative – PSEUDOCODE • Flowcharts aid in breaking down a problem into simple steps 6. Evaluate the Solution
Introduction to Problem Solving Introduction to Problem Solving Introduction to Problem Solving
and Algorithms and Algorithms and Algorithms
Introduction to Problem Solving and Algorithms
The Three Computer Pseudo Code Sequence Programming Constructs • “Pseudo” means “pretend” or “false” • Any problem, regardless of how complex, • Sequence is the most basic of the • Pseudo Code is pretend or false computer can be broken down into three basic constructs code; generic English-like terms that are CONSTRUCTS • It is simply performing one step after somewhat like computer code – SEQUENCE another • Pseudo Code is not as standardized as – SELECTION • Each step is followed in a specific flowcharts, and does not facilitate the – ITERATION sequence, hence the name breaking down of problems as well as a • Sequence can be thought of as “do this, flowchart does then do this, then do this” Introduction to Problem Solving Introduction to Problem Solving Introduction to Problem Solving and Algorithms and Algorithms and Algorithms
Selection Iteration Visualizing The Constructs
• Selection is the decision-making construct • Iteration comes from the word “reiterate”, • By using Flowchart symbols, we can • It is used to make yes/no or true/false which means to repeat visualize the three basic computer decisions logically • Iteration is a looping construct constructs • Selection can be thought of as “if • Iteration is a combination of decision and • Every algorithm ever created is made up something is true take this action, sequence and can repeat steps of only these three constructs otherwise take that action” • Iteration can be thought of as “while something is true, do this, otherwise stop”
Introduction to Problem Solving Introduction to Problem Solving Introduction to Problem Solving
and Algorithms and Algorithms and Algorithms
Introduction to Problem Solving and Algorithms
Basic Flowchart Symbols The Basic Flowchart Symbols The Basic Flowchart Symbols • The terminator shows where a specific • Input/Output gets data or displays piece of an algorithm beings and ends information to the user of the algorithm Terminator Process Input/Output • A process is a basic action or actions on • A connector connects two or more data data flows into one • A decision is a logical test with two • A data flow shows the direction of data’s Decision possible data paths resulting from one movement through the algorithm Connector Data Flow
Introduction to Problem Solving Introduction to Problem Solving Introduction to Problem Solving
and Algorithms and Algorithms and Algorithms
Sequence Selection Iteration
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Introduction to Problem Solving Introduction to Problem Solving Introduction to Problem Solving
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