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DEMO TITLES







Grid-Imposed Frequency VSC System
Case I: Voltage-Mode Control
Case II: Current-Mode Control
Case III: AFE Feeds a Grid-Imposed Frequency VSC System
Author: Tshibain Tshibungu
Simsmart Technologies Inc.
Brossard, Quebec
Canada



Software used: Simsmart Engineering Suite V6 (ES V6)
A-PDF Merger DEMO : Purchase from www.A-PDF.com to remove the watermark



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1. OBJECTIVE AND DESCRIPTION

The following document will help the user in designing step by step controllers of a Grid-
Imposed Frequency VSC System using voltage or current mode control. A complete model of
AFE feeds a Grid-Imposed Frequency VSC System using current control mode will be simulated.

Three test cases are done in order to test and validate theories using the power electronics
components from the Engineering suite V6 Electrical library.

1.1. Grid Imposed Frequency VSC System: Control in dq-frame

Two main methods exist for controlling the active power

and reactive power

in the VSC
system. The first mode is known as voltage-mode control and the second is known as current-
mode control. The following diagram shows the structure of a Grid-Imposed Frequency VSC
System.


The abc reference frame equations are given as follows:

(1)

(2)

(3)

Where

Transformer inductance seen from primary side or inductance

Transformer resistance seen from primary side or resistance

Inverter output voltage (x =a, b, c)

Grid voltage seen from primary side (x =a, b, c)

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The following Park transformation will be used to convert abc to dq synchronous reference
frame:

(

) (4)

Transforming the following equations into dq synchronous reference frame, we have:

(5)

(6)

The active and reactive powers are given as follows:

] (7)

] (8)

Using a PLL (Phase Locked Loop) where in steady state

(9)

(10)


Voltage-Mode Control

Substituting

from (9) and (10) into (5) and (6), we have:

) (

(11)

) (

) (12)

For both powers in kW, we have:

) (14)




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4

) (15)

Where

Thus, the PI controllers that control both powers are calculated using the IMC (Internal Model
Control) and are given as follows:

) (16)

Where

Power response time constant

Switching frequency

A feed forward compensation is done in order to calculate

and

Current-Mode Control

Using (5) and (6), we have:

Since

, the above equations can be written as follows:

(17)

(18)

Where

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5

Thus, the PI controllers that control both currents are calculated using the IMC (Internal Model
Control) and are given as follows:

Where

Current time constant

Switching frequency

A feed forward compensation is done in order to calculate

and

1.2. Diagram blocks

The diagram block of Voltage-Mode Control







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The diagram block control of Current-Mode Control



2. PROCESSES DATA

Example I

Grid Voltage (cosine wave)

Inverter: IGBT with snubber

Transformer Yy 0 degree

Initially the active and reactive powers are set to zero. At t = 0.02 s, active and reactive powers
jump respectively to 500 kW and 250 kVAr.



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At t = 0.15 s the active power jumps to 1080 kW and t = 0.30 s the reactive power jumps to 520
kVAr.

Example II

Grid Voltage (cosine wave)

Inverter: IGBT with snubber

RL impedance

Initially the active and reactive powers are set to zero. At t = 0.002 s the active power is set to
2500 kW and 1000 kVAr at t = 0.06 s. At t = 0.1 s the active power jumps to -2500 kW.

Example III

A three phase voltage source

supplies an AFE three

phase rectifier that feeds the inverter of example II. Initially the inverter active and reactive
powers are set to zero. At t = 0.02 s the active power is set to 2500 kW and 500 kVAr at t = 0.1
s. At t = 0.18 s the active power jumps to -2500 kW.

The DC voltage is set to 1250 Volts. The IGBTs are modeled by ideal switches in parallel with
diodes. The capacitor . The AFE is designed in abc reference frame. The IGBTs
are triggered by a hysteresis control which is set to .

The following parameters are used for the controllers:

PLL PI controller

Voltage Controller

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3. CONTROLLERS DESIGN

Example I

Voltage-Mode Control Design

First of all, we have to calculate the impedance of the transformer seen from the primary side.
From the transformer parameters, we have:

Hence, the impedance of the transformer seen from the primary side is calculated as follows:

Second of all, we have to calculate the grid voltage seen from the primary side of the
transformer. Using a PLL (Phase Locked Loop) where in steady state

, we have:

Where

Turn ratio of the transformer

For a time constant

, PI controllers that control both powers are calculated using the

IMC (Internal Model Control) and are given as follows:

The cross coupling terms for feedforward compensation are:

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Current-Mode Control Design

Using the parameters calculated for Voltage-Mode Control, we have:

For a time constant

, PI controllers that control both currents are:

The cross coupling terms for feedforward compensation are:

Example II

Voltage-Mode Control Design

Using a PLL (Phase Locked Loop) where in steady state

, we have:

Where

Turn ratio of the transformer

For a time constant

, PI controllers that control both powers are calculated using the

IMC (Internal Model Control) and are given as follows:

The cross coupling terms for feedforward compensation are:




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Current-Mode Control Design

Using the parameters calculated for Voltage-Mode Control, we have:

For a time constant

, PI controllers that control both currents are:

The cross coupling terms for feedforward compensation are:

Example III

Use controllers of current-mode


4. SIMULATION PARAMETERS

The simulation was run in time domain with sample time of


5. PROCESSES REPRESENTATION IN ES V6

See the end of the document







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6. ENGINEERING SUITE V6 RESULTS

Example I: Voltage-Mode Control






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Example I: Current-Mode Control






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Example II: Case of Current-Mode Control






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Example III: AFE feeds VSC System in Current-Mode Control









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Conclusion

This document shows how to design controllers for grid-imposed frequency VSC system in
voltage-mode control and current-mode control.


7. REFERENCE BOOK

1. Voltage-Sourced Converters in Power Systems. Modeling,Control, and Applications.
A. Yazdani / R. Iravani.









3
3
A
I a

I a I b

I b I c

I c
3
V
V a
V a
C
T
V b
V b
V c
V c
3
Vdc / 2
GRID-IMPOSED FREQUENCY VOLTAGE SOURCED CONVERTER (VSC) SYSTEM:
CONTROL IN dq FRAME
Qref
K
K
Vid
Viq

3
Yn Yn
3
3
K

ITL
ITL
K
d
0
a

b
c
q
s b b
s a a s G 1 0
1 0

) (

C
Phase Locked Loop
To dq/abc transform
a
b
c
d

q
0
C
P
3
Pref
sbb
saasG 10
10

)(
sbb
saasG 10
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)(
3 1
a
b
c
3
A
Ia

Ia Ib

Ib Ic

Ic

ma
mb
mc
C

Voltage-Mode Control

3 1
a
b
c
3
3
3
A
I a

I a I b

I b I c

I c
3
V
V a
V a
C
T
V b
V b
V c
V c
3

P
3
d
0
a

b
c
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Pref
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regulator
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a b c
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a
b
c
d

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C
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10

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sbb
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K
sbb
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sbb
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KK
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K
2 / 3

C
C
-2 / 3
Id Iq
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Ud
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K
K
Transform
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Transform
kVAr to VAr
wL
s b b
s a a s G 1 0
1 0

) (

C
Phase Locked Loop
To abc/dq and dq/abc transforms
Vdc / 2
Avoid zero
division
Avoid zero
division
PI
regulator
Feed-forward filter
ma
mb
mc
md
mq
3
A
I a

I a I b

I b I c

I c
3
Yn Yn
3
GRID-IMPOSED FREQUENCY VOLTAGE SOURCED CONVERTER (VSC) SYSTEM:
CONTROL IN dq FRAME
Current-Mode Control
K
Voltage turn ratio
K
K
K
Current turn ratio
Current turn ratio

3 1a
b
c
3 3
3
3
3
A
I a I a I b I b I c I c
3
V
V a
V a
C
T
V b
V b
V c
V c
3

P
3
d
0
a

b
c q

Pref
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Vq
PI
regulator
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d 0
a b c
q

a
b
c
d

q
0
C
sbb
saasG 10
10

)(
sbb
saasG 10
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THREE PHASE BOOST RECTIFIER & GRID-IMPOSED FREQUENCY VOLTAGE SOURCED
CONVERTER (VSC) SYSTEM: CONTROL IN dq FRAME
sbb
saasG 10
10

)(
sbb
saasG 10
10

)(
KK
-wL
K
2 / 3

C
C
-2 / 3
Id Iq
Ud
Uq
K
K
Transform
kWto W
Transform
kVAr to VAr
wL
s b b
s a a s G 1 0
1 0

) (
C
Phase Locked Loop
To abc/dq and dq/abc transforms
Vdc / 2
Avoid zero
division
Avoid zero
division
PI
regulator
Feed-forward filter
ma
mb
mc
md
mq
V VC
T
V
X

K
K

X

A/D
A/D
A/D X
Vdc measured
PI controller
Current phase a template
Current phase b template
Current phase c template
Hysteresis control
P
3
3
3
3
A
I a I a I b I b I c I c
3 1 a
b
c
d
0
a

b
c q s b b
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C
Vabc to Vdq
PLL
3
V
Va
Va
C
T
Vb
Vb
Vc
Vc
3
3
a
b
c
d

q
0
C
C
C
Iq=0
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I0=0
C
Hysteresis control
Hysteresis control
K