BIO315 Discussion Questions

DQ 1: Due Week 1 Day 4(Due 3/14/2014)
Posted: Sun 03/09/2014 07:11 PM , by: Tamue L. Gibson, M.S. ( ibsont!emai".#$oeni%.edu &
'is(ussion )uestion
*ee+ 1 ') 1
'ue *ee+ 1 'ay 4
P"ease #ost you, ,es#onse to t$e -o""o.in dis(ussion /uestion by ("i(+in on 0e#"y. 0es#onses
to ea($ /uestion s$ou"d (ontain a minimum o- 123 senten(es.
DQ1: Why did you enroll into BIO/315?
*$y did 4 en,o"" into 546/3178 4t is a /uestion 4 +ee# as+in myse"-. 4n ma+in su($ a de(ision
t$e,e a,e many t$ins 4 $ad to t$in+ about. *$at do 4 .ant to et -,om a (o""ee edu(ation8 4s
t$e,e a (e,tain de,ee t$at 4 am st,i9in -o,8 *$at ($a""enes a,e t$e,e t$at (ou"d #ossib"y be in
t$e .ay o- me meetin my oa"8 :u,,ent"y 4 am attendin (o""ee, and t$is is my -ina" ("ass
be-o,e obtainin my 5S4T/5S;. 4 $a9e (om#"eted a"" t$e ,e/ui,ed de,ee ,e"ated (ou,ses. My
a(ademi( ad9iso, as+ed me .$at ty#e o- (ou,ses 4 .ou"d "i+e to ta+e to (om#"ete t$e ,e/ui,ed
numbe, o- (,edits. 4 ($ose t$is ("ass in an attem#t to b,oaden my +no."ede in t$is to#i(.
4 a".ays st,i9e to "ea,n somet$in ne. e9e,y day. 4 am 9e,y inte,ested in t$e ,o"e o- e9o"ution
and natu,a" se"e(tion in e(o"oy.
DQ 2: Due Week 1 Day 4 (Due 3/14/2014)
'is(ussion )uestion
*ee+ 1 ') 2
'ue *ee+ 1 'ay 4
P"ease #ost you, ,es#onse to t$e -o""o.in dis(ussion /uestion by ("i(+in 0e#"y. 0es#onses to
ea($ /uestion s$ou"d (ontain a minimum o- 123 senten(es.
What doe! e"olo#y and e$olution %ean to you?
<(o"oy, is t$e study o- "i9in o,anisms and t$e inte,a(tions bet.een t$e o,anisms and t$ei,
en9i,onment. <(o"oy is t$e ene,a" s(ien(e t$at studies "i9in o,anisms. <(o"oy -o(uses on
t$e $i$e, "e9e"s o- t$e o,ani=ation o- "i-e on ea,t$ and on t$e inte,,e"ations bet.een o,anisms
and t$ei, en9i,onment.
<9o"ution& t$eo,y in bio"oy suest t$at t$e 9a,ious ty#es o- #"ants, anima"s, and ot$e, "i9in
t$ins on <a,t$ $a9e t$ei, o,iin in ot$e, #,ee%istin ty#es and t$at t$e distinuis$ab"e
di--e,en(es a,e due to modi-i(ations in su((essi9e ene,ations. T$e t$eo,y o- e9o"ution is one o-
t$e -undamenta" +eystones o- mode,n bio"oi(a" t$eo,y. (>5,itanni(a.(om>, 2014&.
0e-e,en(e
5,itanni(a.(om. (2014&. 0et,ie9ed -,om
$tt#://....b,itanni(a.(om/<5($e(+ed/to#i(/197317/e9o"ution
DQ 3: Due Day 5 (Due 3/15/2014)
'is(ussion )uestion
*ee+ 1 ') 3
'ue *ee+ 1 'ay 7
ea($ /uestion s$ou"d (ontain a minimum o- 123 senten(es.
') 3: 'e-ine t$e -o""o.in te,ms: null hypothesis, significance testing, standard errors,
and confidence interval. *$at a,e P29a"ues and $o. a,e t$ey used to inte,#,et e(o"oi(a" studies8
'o you a,ee .it$ t$e statement: ;nyt$in (an be #,o9ed .it$ statisti(s8 *$y o, .$y not8
'ull (y)othe!i! 2 ; statement o- no di--e,en(e bet.een sets o- 9a"ues -o,mu"ated -o, statisti(a"
testin.
*i#ni+i"an"e ,e!tin# 2 T$e #,o(ess used, by ,esea,($e,s, to dete,mine .$et$e, t$e nu""
$y#ot$esis is ,e?e(ted, in -a9o, o- t$e a"te,nati9e ,esea,($ $y#ot$esis, o, not.
0e-e,en(e
S$utt"e.o,t$, M. (2014&. Explorable.com. 0et,ie9ed -,om
$tt#://e%#"o,ab"e.(om/sini-i(an(e2test
*tandard -rror! 2 T$e standa,d de9iation o- t$e sam#"in dist,ibution o- a statisti(. Standa,d
e,,o, is a statisti(a" te,m t$at measu,es t$e a((u,a(y .it$ .$i($ a sam#"e ,e#,esents a #o#u"ation.
4n statisti(s, a sam#"e mean de9iates -,om t$e a(tua" mean o- a #o#u"ation@ t$is de9iation is t$e
standa,d e,,o,.
0e-e,en(e
4n9esto#edia.(om. (2014&. 0et,ie9ed -,om
$tt#://....in9esto#edia.(om/te,ms/s/standa,d2e,,o,.as#
.on+iden"e Inter$al 2 ; te,m used in in-e,entia" statisti(s t$at measu,es t$e #,obabi"ity t$at a
#o#u"ation #a,amete, .i"" -a"" bet.een t.o set 9a"ues. T$e (on-iden(e inte,9a" (an ta+e any
numbe, o- #,obabi"ities, .it$ t$e most (ommon bein 97A o, 99A.
0e-e,en(e
http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/confdenceinterval.asp
What are P/$alue! and ho0 are they u!ed to inter)ret e"olo#i"al !tudie!?
P 9a"ue is asso(iated .it$ a test statisti(. 4t is >t$e #,obabi"ity, i- t$e test statisti( ,ea""y .e,e
dist,ibuted as it .ou"d be unde, t$e nu"" $y#ot$esis, o- obse,9in a test statisti( Bas e%t,eme as, o,
mo,e e%t,eme t$anC t$e one a(tua""y obse,9ed.>
0e-e,en(e
http://economics.about.com/od/termsbeginningwithp/g/pvaluedef.htm
Simu"ation mode"s a,e .ide"y used to ,e#,esent t$e dynami(s o- e(o"oi(a" systems. ;
(ommon /uestion .it$ su($ mode"s is $o. ($anes to a #a,amete, 9a"ue o, -un(tiona"
-o,m in t$e mode" a"te, t$e ,esu"ts. Some aut$o,s $a9e ($osen to ans.e, t$at /uestion
usin -,e/uentist statisti(a" $y#ot$esis tests (e.. ;D6E;&. T$is is ina##,o#,iate -o, t.o
,easons.
Fi,st, #29a"ues a,e dete,mined by statisti(a" #o.e, (i.e. ,e#"i(ation&, .$i($ (an be
a,bit,a,i"y $i$ in a simu"ation (onte%t, #,odu(in minus(u"e #29a"ues ,ea,d"ess o- t$e
e--e(t si=e.
Se(ond, t$e nu"" $y#ot$esis o- no di--e,en(e bet.een t,eatments (e.. #a,amete, 9a"ues& is
+no.n a #,io,i to be -a"se, in9a"idatin t$e #,emise o- t$e test. Gse o- #29a"ues is
t,oub"esome (,at$e, t$an sim#"y i,,e"e9ant& be(ause sma"" #29a"ues "end a -a"se sense o-
im#o,tan(e to obse,9ed di--e,en(es. *e a,ue t$at mode"e,s s$ou"d abandon t$is #,a(ti(e
and -o(us on e9a"uatin t$e manitude o- di--e,en(es bet.een simu"ations.
0e-e,en(e
http://people.uncw.edu/whitejw/pdfs/White_etal_201_!i"os_pvalues.pdf
Do you a#ree 0ith the !tate%ent: 1nythin# "an 2e )ro$ed 0ith !tati!ti"!?
Hes you (an #,o9e anyt$in .it$ statisti(s. Statisti(s $a9e to be (o,,e(t"y inte,#,eted i- t$ey a,e
to be o- 9a"ue. T$e #,ob"em is t$at most #eo#"e a,e not t,ained in t$e inte,#,etation o- statisti(s so
t$ey tend to be"ie9e .$at is #"a(ed be-o,e t$em .it$out ,ea"i=in t$at statisti(s (an be made to
say anyt$in.
DQ 31: Due Week 2 Day(Due 3/21/2014)
Posted: Mon 03/17/2014 09:17 PM , by: ,a%ue 4 5i2!on& 6* ( ibsont!emai".#$oeni%.edu
Di!"u!!ion Que!tion
Week 2 DQ 1
'ue *ee+ 2 'ay 4
P"ease #ost you, ,es#onse to t$e -o""o.in dis(ussion /uestion by ("i(+in on 7e)ly. 0es#onses
') 1 : *$at is t$e essentia" di--e,en(e bet.een #$ysio($emi(a" and en9i,onmenta" ,esou,(es8
Io. do t$ese ,esou,(es a--e(t o,anisms8 Io. is unde,standin t$e inte,(onne(tedness o-
e(osystems im#o,tant -o, a nons(ientist8
T$e di--e,en(e bet.een natu,a" ,esou,(es and en9i,onmenta" ,esou,(es is t$at natu,a" ,esou,(es is
#,o9ided by t$e ea,t$, o, by mot$e, natu,e, and en9i,onmenta" ,esou,(es a,e somet$in t$at (an
be ta+en -,om t$e en9i,onment. T$e basi( di--e,en(e bet.een e(o"oy and en9i,onment is t$at
t$e en9i,onment is e9e,yt$in in t$e .o,"d .$i"e e(o"oy is t$e study o- t$ose.
T$e en9i,onmenta" (om#onents a,e des(,ibed in te,ms o- t$ei, ,e"ations$i#s by e(o"oy.
;n en9i,onment (ou"d e%ist .it$out "i-e, but e(o"oy essentia""y dea"s .it$ bot$ bioti( and
abioti( entities
0e-e,en(e
Da9een.(2012&. Differencebetween.com. 0et,ie9ed -,om
$tt#://....di--e,en(ebet.een.(om/di--e,en(e2bet.een2e(o"oy2and29s2en9i,onment/
T$an+ you.
Tamue L. Gibson, M.S.
:e,ti-ied ;d9an(ed Fa(i"itato,
Gni9e,sity o- P$oeni%
ibsont!emai".#$oeni%.edu
DQ 32: Due Week 2 Day 4(Due 3/21/2014)
Posted: Mon 03/17/2014 09:21 PM , by: Tamue L. Gibson, M.S. ( ibsont!emai".#$oeni%.edu &
'is(ussion )uestion
*ee+ 2 ') 2
'ue *ee+ 2 'ay 4
') 2 : 'e-ine t$e -o""o.in te,ms: autotroph, heterotroph, decomposer, parasite, predator,
and grazer. *$at a,e t$e ad9antaes o- $a9in a ene,a"i=ed diet8 *$y do you t$in+ $umans
e9o"9ed as a #o"y#$aous s#e(ies8
'e-inition o- autot,o#$ 2 6,anisms t$at #,odu(e o,ani( mate,ia" -,om ino,ani( ($emi(a"s and
some sou,(e o- ene,y.
'e-inition o- $ete,ot,o#$ 2 6,anisms t$at a,e unab"e to manu-a(tu,e t$ei, o.n -ood -,om
ino,ani( mate,ia"s and t$us ,e"y on ot$e, o,anisms, "i9in and dead, as a sou,(e o- ene,y and
nut,ients.
'e-inition o- de(om#ose, 2 6,anism t$at obtains ene,y -,om t$e b,ea+do.n o- dead o,ani(
matte, to sim#"e, substan(es@ most #,e(ise"y ,e-e,s to ba(te,ia and -uni.
'e-inition o- #a,asite 2 4nse(t "a,9a t$at +i""s its $ost by (onsumin t$e $ostJs so-t tissues be-o,e
#u#ation o, metamo,#$osis into an adu"t.
'e-inition o- #,edato, 2 (a,ni9o,ous anima" o, dest,u(ti9e o,anism: a (a,ni9o,ous anima" t$at
$unts, +i""s, and eats ot$e, anima"s in o,de, to su,9i9e, o, any ot$e, o,anism t$at be$a9es in a
simi"a, manne,
'e-inition o- ,a=e, 2 St,eam in9e,teb,ates t$at -eed on a"a" (oatin on ,o(+s and ot$e,
subst,ates.
T$e ad9antaes o- $a9in a ene,a"i=ed diet a,e a .e""2ba"an(ed diet #,o9ides t$e ,i$t 9itamins,
mine,a"s and nut,ients to +ee# t$e body and mind st,on and $ea"t$y. <atin .e"" (an a"so aid in
t$e #,e9ention o- a 9a,iety o- diseases and $ea"t$ #,ob"ems, as .e"" as $e"#in to maintain a
$ea"t$y body .ei$t, #,o9idin ene,y and #,omotin a ene,a" -ee"in o- .e""2bein.
4 t$in+ $umans e9o"9ed as a #o"y#$aous s#e(ies be(ause e9o"ution is not dete,mined by .$at is
ne(essa,y, it is dete,mined by .$at is ad9antaeous.
T$an+ you.
') K.3: 'ue *ee+ 2 'ay 7 ('ue 3/22/2014&
Posted: Mon 03/17/2014 09:21 PM , by: ,a%ue 4 5i2!on& 6* ( ibsont!emai".#$oeni%.edu
P,e9ious L De%t
Di!"u!!ion Que!tion
Week 2 DQ 3
'ue *ee+ 2 'ay 7
P"ease #ost you, ,es#onse to t$e -o""o.in dis(ussion /uestion by ("i(+in on 7e)ly. 0es#onses
') 3 : *$at is int,as#e(i-i( (om#etition8 *$at a,e some e%am#"es o- $o. t$e "imited /uantity
o- ,esou,(es a--e(t int,as#e(i-i( (om#"etion8 Io. does int,as#e(i-i( (om#etition a--e(t s#e(ies
dist,ibution and t$ei, e9o"ution8
'e-inition o- int,as#e(i-i( (om#etition 2 o((u,,in .it$in a s#e(ies@ in9o"9in t$e membe,s o-
one s#e(ies
Some e%am#"es o- $o. t$e "imited /uantity o- ,esou,(es a--e(t int,as#e(i-i( (om#"etion a,e:
4nt,as#e(i-i( (om#etition is a ma?o, -a(to, a--e(tin t$e (a,,yin (a#a(ity o- a #o#u"ation
(ma%imum #o#u"ation "e9e" su##o,ted by t$e en9i,onment&. T$e "e9e"in o- #o#u"ation ,o.t$ at
$i$ densities (+no.n as density de#endent in$ibition& (an be seen as an e--e(t o- int,as#e(i-i(
(om#etition.
T$an+ you.

Week 3 DQ 1
'ue *ee+ 3 'ay 4
P"ease #ost you, ,es#onse to t$e -o""o.in dis(ussion /uestion by ("i(+in on 7e)ly
5rou). 0es#onses to ea($ /uestion s$ou"d (ontain a minimum o- 123 senten(es.
') 1 : *$at a,e some .ays e(o"oists de-ine #o#u"ations8 *$at a,e some o- t$e -a(to,s t$at
,eu"ate #o#u"ations8 *$at ($a""enes do e(o"oists en(ounte, .$en studyin #o#u"ations8
Tamue, and ("assmates,
; #o#u"ation is de-ined as a ,ou# o- indi9idua"s o- t$e same s#e(ies "i9in and
inte,b,eedin .it$in a i9en a,ea. Membe,s o- a #o#u"ation o-ten ,e"y on t$e same
,esou,(es, a,e sub?e(t to simi"a, en9i,onmenta" (onst,aints, and de#end on t$e a9ai"abi"ity
o- ot$e, membe,s to #e,sist o9e, time. S(ientists study a #o#u"ation by e%aminin $o.
indi9idua"s in t$at #o#u"ation inte,a(t .it$ ea($ ot$e, and $o. t$e #o#u"ation as a .$o"e
inte,a(ts .it$ its en9i,onment. ;s a too" -o, ob?e(ti9e"y studyin #o#u"ations, #o#u"ation
e(o"oists ,e"y on a se,ies o- statisti(a" measu,es, +no.n as demo,a#$i( #a,amete,s, to
des(,ibe t$at #o#u"ation. T$e -ie"d o- s(ien(e inte,ested in (o""e(tin and ana"y=in t$ese
numbe,s is te,med #o#u"ation demo,a#$i(s, a"so +no.n as demo,a#$y.
(Tenney, 2013&.
4n most instan(es, ,esou,(es a,e not un"imited and en9i,onmenta" (onditions a,e not
o#tima". :"imate, -ood, $abitat, .ate, a9ai"abi"ity, and ot$e, -a(to,s +ee# #o#u"ation
,o.t$ in ($e(+ due to en9i,onmenta" ,esistan(e. T$e en9i,onment (an on"y su##o,t a
"imited numbe, o- indi9idua"s in a #o#u"ation be-o,e some ,esou,(e ,uns out o, "imits t$e
su,9i9a" o- t$ose indi9idua"s.
(M"a##enba($, 2014&.
0e-e,en(es
M"a##enba($, L. (2014&. About.com. 0et,ie9ed -,om
$tt#://anima"s.about.(om/(s/=oo"oy/a/=oo101ae.$tm
Tenney, S. (2013&. Nature.com. 0et,ie9ed -,om
$tt#://....natu,e.(om/s(itab"e/+no."ede/"ib,a,y/int,odu(tion2to2#o#u"ation2demo,a#$i(s2
33032903
Week 3 DQ 2
'ue *ee+ 3 'ay 4
P"ease #ost you, ,es#onse to t$e -o""o.in dis(ussion /uestion by ("i(+in on 7e)ly 5rou).
0es#onses to ea($ /uestion s$ou"d (ontain a minimum o- 123 senten(es.
What are +ounder "ontrolled and do%inan"e "ontrolled "o%%unitie!?
Founde, (ont,o""ed2<--e(t o- sta,tin a #o#u"ation .it$ a sma"" numbe, o- (o"onists,
.$i($ (ontain on"y a sma"" and o-ten biased sam#"e o- eneti( 9a,iation o- t$e #a,ent
#o#u"ation@ a ma,+ed"y di--e,ent ne. #o#u"ation may a,ise.
'ominan(e (ont,o""ed24n a (ommunity, (ont,o" o9e, en9i,onmenta" (onditions
in-"uen(in asso(iated s#e(ies by one o, se9e,a" s#e(ies, #"ant o, anima", en-o,(ed by
numbe,, density, o, ,o.t$ -o,m@ in a #o#u"ation, be$a9io,a", $ie,a,($i(a" o,de, t$at i9es
$i$2,an+in indi9idua"s #,io,ity o- a((ess to essentia" ,esou,(es@ in eneti(s, abi"ity o- an
a""e"e to mas+ t$e e%#,ession o- an a"te,nati9e -o,m o- t$e same ene in a $ete,o=yous
(ondition.
(Smit$ N Smit$, 2009, ##. G72G7&.
What i! the e++e"t o+ !u""e!!ion on "o%%unitie!?
<(o"oi(a" su((ession is t$e obse,9ed #,o(ess o- ($ane in t$e s#e(ies st,u(tu,e o- an
e(o"oi(a" (ommunity o9e, time. *it$in any (ommunity some s#e(ies may be(ome "ess
abundant o9e, some time inte,9a", o, t$ey may e9en 9anis$ -,om t$e e(osystem
a"toet$e,. Simi"a,"y, o9e, some time inte,9a", ot$e, s#e(ies .it$in t$e (ommunity may
be(ome mo,e abundant, o, ne. s#e(ies may e9en in9ade into t$e (ommunity -,om
ad?a(ent e(osystems. T$is obse,9ed ($ane o9e, time in .$at is "i9in in a #a,ti(u"a,
e(osystem is e(o"oi(a" su((ession.
(>Psu.edu>, 2002&
<(o"oi(a" su((ession is a -o,(e o- natu,e. <(osystems, be(ause o- inte,na" s#e(ies
dynami(s and e%te,na" -o,(es, a,e in a (onstant #,o(ess o- ($ane and ,e2st,u(tu,in. ;n
e%am#"e .ou"d be a -,es$"y ti""ed a,den #"ot. :"ea,in t$e "and -o, t$e a,den and
#,e#a,in t$e soi" -o, #"antin ,e#,esents a ma?o, e%te,na" e9ent t$at ,adi(a""y ,e2
st,u(tu,es and dis,u#ts a #,e9ious"y stabi"i=ed e(osystem. T$e distu,bed e(osystem .i""
immediate"y bein a #,o(ess o- e(o"oi(a" su((ession. P"ant s#e(ies ada#ted to t$e sunny
(onditions and t$e b,o+en soi" .i"" ,a#id"y in9ade t$e site and .i"" be(ome /ui(+"y and
dense"y estab"is$ed.
(>Psu.edu>, 2002&
0e-e,en(es
Psu.edu. (2002&. 0et,ie9ed -,om
$tt#://....#su.edu/de#t/n+bio"oy/natu,et,ai"/su((ession.$tm
Smit$, T.M., N Smit$, 0.L. (2009&. Elements of Ecology (7t$ ed.&. 0et,ie9ed -,om T$e
Gni9e,sity o- P$oeni% e5oo+ :o""e(tion database.
Week 3 DQ 3
'ue *ee+ 3 'ay 7
P"ease #ost you, ,es#onse to t$e -o""o.in dis(ussion /uestion by ("i(+in on 7e)ly
5rou). 0es#onses to ea($ /uestion s$ou"d (ontain a minimum o- 123 senten(es.
') 3 :
What i! )ri%ary and !e"ondary )rodu"tion?
P,ima,y #,odu(tion is t$e -oundation o- a"" metabo"i( #,o(esses in an e(osystem, and t$e
dist,ibution o- #,odu(tion $as a +ey #a,t in dete,minin t$e st,u(tu,e o- an e(osystem. 5io"oi(a"
(ommunities in("ude mo,e t$an ?ust #"ants, t$ey a"so in("ude $e,bi9o,es, (a,ni9o,es and
det,iti9o,es.
P,odu(tion a"so o((u,s in anima"s as Se(onda,y P,odu(tion. 4m#o,tant"y t$ou$ anima"s do not
use a"" t$e biomass t$ey (onsume. Some #asses t$,ou$ to be(ome -e(es. G,oss #,odu(tion in
anima"s e/ua"s t$e amount o- biomass o, ene,y assimi"ated o, biomass eaten "ess -e(es.
What are the li%itin# +a"tor! on )ri%ary )rodu"tion in terre!trial and a8uati" e"o!y!te%!?
1& La(+ o- nut,ients, 2& ;d9e,se *eat$e, (onditions, 3& 4ntensity o- Sun"i$t, 4& ;9ai"abi"ity o-
.ate, N 7& 4ntense ,a=in by $e,bi9o,es.
Why i! it i%)ortant +or an e"olo#i!t to 2e a2le to under!tand the ener#y )ath0ay! throu#h
tro)hi" le$el!?
; t,o#$i( "e9e" and a -ood .eb a,enOt t$e same t$in. ; -ood .eb s$o.s $o. matte, is ,e(y("ed
t$,ou$ an e(osystem as it is #,odu(ed in a -ood ($ain, dist,ibuted t$,ou$ a numbe, o- s#e(ies,
de(om#osed by det,iti9o,es and ,eused by #"ants. T,o#$i( "e9e"s on a t,o#$i( #y,amid s$o. t$e
-"o. o- ene,y in a -ood ($ain and $o. ene,y de(,eases as you et $i$e, in t$e -ood ($ain.
0e-e,en(e
S(ien(ebit=.(om. (2013&. 0et,ie9ed -,om
$tt#://s(ien(ebit=.(om/8#aePidQ204
T$an+ you.
DQ 1: Due Day 2 Week 4
'is(ussion )uestion
*ee+ 4 ') 1
'ue *ee+ 4 'ay 2
ea($ /uestion s$ou"d be at "east 2002300 .o,ds.
')K1: Io. does ("imate in-"uen(e a biome8 *$at a,e some o- t$e -a(to,s t$at dete,mine an
a,eaJs biome8 *$y do e(o"oists study t$e t,ansitiona" =ones bet.een biomes8
Tamue and ("assmates,
): Io. does ("imate in-"uen(e a biome8
;: T$e ("imate o- any a,ea dete,mines .$at #"ants and anima"s .i"" "i9e o, die. Fo,
e%am#"e, on"y (e,tain ty#es o- #"ants and anima"s (an "i9e in a $ot dese,t. T$ey need to be
ab"e to stand u# to t$e $eat and t$ey need to be ab"e to sto,e .ate,. ;"" ot$e, #"ants and
anima"s t$at (annot sto,e .ate, .i"" die in a dese,t. T$e ("imate o- ea($ biome a""o.s
some #"ants and anima" to "i9e and +i""s o-- ot$e,s. 5e(ause t$e ("imate +i""s o-- some
#"ants and anima"s, it is "i+e t$e ("imate is ($oosin .$i($ ones .i"" "i9e in t$e biome
(;a?$ss"ab.(om, n.d.&.
0e-e,en(e
;a?$ss"ab.(om. (n.d.&. 0et,ie9ed -,om
$tt#://"a?$ss"ab.(om/biomes/("imatePa--e(tsPbiome.$tm
): *$at a,e some o- t$e -a(to,s t$at dete,mine an a,eaJs biome8
;: T$e,e a,e bot$ bioti( and abioti( -a(to,s. 5ioti( -a(to,s a,e t$ose -a(to,s .$i($ a,e "i9in o,
sim#"y t$e anima"s, #"ants, and t$e de(om#ose,s o, det,itus -eede,s .$i($ in("ude -uni and
ba(te,ia. T$e abioti( -a(to,s as .$at .e,e (ited by t$e t.o o- t$e abo9e a,e (om#osed o- non2
"i9in (om#onents. 5ioti( -a(to,s $a9e inte,de#endent ,e"ations$i# .it$ one anot$e,. ;nd t$e
non2"i9in (om#onents .$e,e t$ey a,e e%#osed to a--e(ts t$em at t$e same time. <9e,y biome
$as an e%("usi9e ty#e o- o,anisms and abioti( (om#onents situated in t$is s#e(i-i( biome
#a,ti(u"a,"y.
): *$y do e(o"oists study t$e t,ansitiona" =ones bet.een biomes8
;: <(o"oists .$o study natu,e on a "oba" s(a"e ,e(oni=e a -e. basi(, .ides#,ead
("asses o- $abitats t$at a,e easi"y identi-ied by t$ei, dominant #"ant "i-e -o,ms, .$i($ a,e
basi( (ateo,ies based on ene,a" a##ea,an(e, -o, e%am#"e, t,ee, s$,ub, annua", su((u"ent,
and so on. Su($ "oba" s(a"e $abitats a,e (a""ed biomes, and a,e dete,mined #,ima,i"y by
t$e ("imati( -a(to,s o- tem#e,atu,e and ,ain-a"". T$ese -a(to,s a,e in tu,n dete,mined by
"atitude, e"e9ation, and .ind #atte,ns. 5iome ("assi-i(ation is based on 9eetation be(ause
#"ants, bein ene,a""y immobi"e, a,e t$e most ob9ious and easi"y ,e(oni=ab"e
(om#onents o- a bio"oi(a" (ommunity. 4n addition, #"ants a,e mo,e de-initi9e o- t$ei,
biomes be(ause, sin(e t$ey a,e ,ooted in #"a(e, t$ey must be ada#ted to t$at s#e(i-i(
en9i,onment. P"ants, t$e,e-o,e, a,e o-ten endemi( (o((u,,in on"y in t$e named a,ea& to a
biome o, sma""e, (ommunity. 5iomes do (ontain ($a,a(te,isti( anima" "i-e as .e"",
in("udin many endemi( inse(ts and ot$e, in9e,teb,ates. Most 9e,teb,ates, $o.e9e,, a,e
mo,e mobi"e and ,at$e, -e. s#e(ies a,e ,est,i(ted to a sin"e $abitat
('immitt, n.d.&.
0e-e,en(e
'immitt, M.;. (n.d.&. Desertmuseum.org. 0et,ie9ed -,om
$tt#://....dese,tmuseum.o,/boo+s/n$sdPbiomesP.#$#8#,intQy
T$an+ you.
DQ2: Due Day 4 Week 4
'is(ussion )uestion
*ee+ 4 ') 2
'ue *ee+ 4 'ay 4
')K2: *$at a,e biodi9e,sity $ots#ots8
Tamue and ("assmates
): *$at a,e biodi9e,sity $ots#ots8
;:
; biodi9e,sity $ots#ot is a bioeo,a#$i( ,eion t$at is bot$ a sini-i(ant ,ese,9oi, o-
biodi9e,sity and is t$,eatened .it$ dest,u(tion.
T$e te,m biodi9e,sity $ots#ot s#e(i-i(a""y ,e-e,s to 27 bio"oi(a""y ,i($ a,eas a,ound t$e
.o,"d t$at $a9e "ost at "east 70 #e,(ent o- t$ei, o,iina" $abitat.
T$e ,emainin natu,a" $abitat in t$ese biodi9e,sity $ots#ots amounts to ?ust 1.4 #e,(ent o-
t$e "and su,-a(e o- t$e #"anet, yet su##o,ts nea,"y 10 #e,(ent o- t$e .o,"dOs #"ant, bi,d,
mamma", ,e#ti"e, and am#$ibian s#e(ies
(>S(ien(edai"y.(om>, 2014&.
0e-e,en(e
S(ien(edai"y.(om. (2014&. 0et,ie9ed -,om
$tt#://....s(ien(edai"y.(om/a,ti("es/b/biodi9e,sityP$ots#ot.$tm
; biodi9e,sity $ots#ot is a bioeo,a#$i( ,eion .it$ a sini-i(ant ,ese,9oi, o- biodi9e,sity t$at
is unde, t$,eat -,om $umans.
5iodi9e,sity $ots#ots a,e a,eas t$at su##o,t natu,a" e(osystems t$at a,e "a,e"y inta(t and
.$e,e nati9e s#e(ies and (ommunities asso(iated .it$ t$ese e(osystems a,e .e""
,e#,esented. T$ey a,e a"so a,eas .it$ a $i$ di9e,sity o- "o(a""y endemi( s#e(ies, .$i($
a,e s#e(ies t$at a,e not -ound o, a,e ,a,e"y -ound outside t$e $ots#ot.
T$e (u,,ent, #"anned o, #otentia" manaement a(ti9ities in $ots#ots #"a(e t$e natu,a"
9a"ues at ,is+, and it is "i+e"y t$is ,is+ .i"" in(,ease in t$e -utu,e in t$e absen(e o- a(ti9e
(onse,9ation manaement.
5e(ause t$e natu,a" 9a"ues o- $ots#ots a,e "a,e"y inta(t, unde,ta+in a(tion no. to
maintain t$ese 9a"ues $as t$e #otentia" to #,o9ide 9a"ue2-o,2money in (ont,ibutin to ou,
e--o,ts in biodi9e,sity (onse,9ation
(<n9i,onment.o9.au, n.d.&.
0e-e,en(e
<n9i,onment.o9.au. (n.d.&. 0et,ie9ed -,om
$tt#://....en9i,onment.o9.au/to#i(s/biodi9e,sity/biodi9e,sity2(onse,9ation/biodi9e,sity2
$ots#ots
T$an+ you.
DQ 3 : Due Day 5 Week 4
Posted: *ed 04/02/2014 03:41 PM , by: ,a%ue 4 5i2!on& 6* ( ibsont!emai".#$oeni%.edu &
Di!"u!!ion Que!tion
Week 4 DQ 3
'ue *ee+ 4 'ay 7
P"ease #ost you, ,es#onse to t$e -o""o.in dis(ussion /uestion by ("i(+in 7e)ly. 0es#onses to
')K3: 4s biodi9e,sity a ,ene.ab"e o, non,ene.ab"e ,esou,(e8 :an it be seen in bot$ .ays8 *$at
a,e some e--o,ts in #,ese,9in biodi9e,sity8 Ia9e you #a,ti(i#ated in t$ese e--o,ts
(biodi9e,sity&8
T$an+ you.
Q: I! 2iodi$er!ity a rene0a2le or nonrene0a2le re!our"e?
;: 7ene0a2le re!our"e! (an be ,e#"a(ed by natu,a" #,o(esses as /ui(+"y as $umans use t$em.
<%am#"es in("ude sun"i$t and .ind. . T$ey a,e in no dane, o- bein used u#. Meta"s and ot$e,
mine,a"s a,e ,ene.ab"e too. T$ey a,e not dest,oyed .$en t$ey a,e used and (an be ,e(y("ed.
'onrene0a2le re!our"e! e%ist in -i%ed amounts. T$ey (an be used u#. <%am#"es in("ude -ossi"
-ue"s su($ as (oa".
; natu,a" ,esou,(e is somet$in su##"ied by natu,e t$at $e"#s su##o,t "i-e. *$en you t$in+ o-
natu,a" ,esou,(es, you may t$in+ o- mine,a"s and -ossi" -ue"s. Io.e9e,, e(osystems and t$e
se,9i(es t$ey #,o9ide a,e a"so natu,a" ,esou,(es. 5iodi9e,sity is a natu,a" ,esou,(e as .e""
Q: What are !o%e e++ort! in )re!er$in# 2iodi$er!ity?
>T$e,e a,e 9e,y st,on #,i9ate in(enti9es -o, #eo#"e to (on9e,t $abitat and unde,ta+e a(tions t$at
(ause t$e "oss o- biodi9e,sity,> said :$a,"es Pe,,ins o- ;,i=ona State Gni9e,sity. T$e ne. ta,ets
R"abe"ed >SM;0T> -o, >s#e(i-i(, measu,ab"e, ambitious, ,ea"isti( and time2bound> Rin("ude
an a,,ay o- st,ateies t$at attem#t to bot$ di,e(t"y and indi,e(t"y sa-eua,d biodi9e,sity. T$ese
in("ude identi-yin and e,adi(atin in9asi9e a"ien s#e(ies, e"iminatin o9e,-is$in and $a,m-u"
in(enti9es su($ as a,i(u"tu,a" subsidies, and edu(atin t$e #ub"i( about t$e 9a"ues o-
biodi9e,sity.
0e-e,en(e
Pee#"es, L. (2014&. livescience.com. 0et,ie9ed -,om $tt#://...."i9es(ien(e.(om/33032s(ientists2
u,e2tou$e,2e--o,ts2#,ese,9e2biodi9e,sity.$tm"
') 1: 'ue 'ay 4 *ee+ 7
'is(ussion )uestion
*ee+ 7 ') 1
'ue *ee+ 7 'ay 4
to ea($ /uestion s$ou"d be at "east 2002300 .o,ds.
')K1: *$at is meant by t$e te,m sustainability8 Io. does "a(+ o- +no."ede about t$e -utu,e
a--e(t attem#ts to enae in sustainab"e be$a9io,8 *$y do many e(o"oists (onside, $uman
#o#u"ation ,o.t$ t$e main ba,,ie, to sustainabi"ity8
Q: What i! %eant 2y the ter% sustainability?
1: Sustainabi"ity is t$e abi"ity to maintain a (e,tain status o, #,o(ess in e%istin systems. T$e
most -,e/uent use o- t$e te,m Ssustainabi"ityT is (onne(ted to bio"oi(a" o, $uman systems in t$e
(onte%t o- e(o"oy. T$e abi"ity o- an e(osystem to -un(tion and maintain #,odu(ti9ity -o, a
#,o"oned #e,iod is a"so sustainabi"ity.
Q: (o0 doe! la"k o+ kno0led#e a2out the +uture a++e"t atte%)t! to en#a#e in !u!taina2le
2eha$ior?
1: Sustainabi"ity ,e/ui,es t$at .e ta(+"e di9e,se oa"s, su($ as in(,easin .ate, and ene,y
e--i(ien(y, #,ote(tin .ate, /ua"ity and biodi9e,sity, ,edu(in .aste, and a"te,in t,ans#o,tation
($oi(es. 4- .e a,e to $asten t$e t,ansition to a sustainab"e -utu,e, .e must en(ou,ae t$e ado#tion
o- a .ide a,,ay o- be$a9io,s t$at su##o,t t$ese oa"s.
Q: Why do %any e"olo#i!t! "on!ider hu%an )o)ulation #ro0th the %ain 2arrier to
!u!taina2ility?
1: T$e $uman #o#u"ation is no. so "a,e and ,o.in so ,a#id"y t$at e9en #o#u"a, maa=ines
a,e ,e-e,,in to t$e #ossibi"ity o- a >demo,a#$i( .inte,> (Time 1991&. T$e (u,,ent #o#u"ation o-
7.7 bi""ion, ,o.in at an annua" ,ate o- 1.7A, .i"" add a##,o%imate"y 93 mi""ion #eo#"e t$is
yea,, e/ui9a"ent to mo,e t$an t$e #o#u"ation o- Me%i(o (un"ess ot$e,.ise noted, demo,a#$i(
statisti(s a,e -,om, o, #,o?e(ted -,om, P05 1991&.Sustainabi"ity is t$e #,a(ti(e o- (onse,9ation
t$at .i"" a""o. #eo#"e to $a9e enou$ ,esou,(es t$,ou$ t$ei, "i-e and t$e "i9es o- -utu,e
ene,ations. Sustainabi"ity is #ossib"e by (onse,9in ene,y, mate,ia"s, ,esou,(es, by ne.
te($no"oies, and by ensu,in t$at t$e numbe, o- bi,t$s is "o. enou$ so t$at t$e,e is enou$ to
o a,ound.
7e+eren"e!
bene-its2o-2,e(y("in.(om. (2014&. 0et,ie9ed -,om
$tt#://....bene-its2o-2,e(y("in.(om/.$atismeantbysustainabi"ity/
sae#ub.(om. (n.d.&. 0et,ie9ed -,om
$tt#://....sae#ub.(om/u#m2data/40392P1.#d-
o9e,#o#u"ation.o,. (n.d.&. 0et,ie9ed -,om
$tt#://....o9e,#o#u"ation.o,/so"utions.$tm"
T$an+ you.
')2: 'ue 'ay 4 *ee+ 7
'is(ussion )uestion
*ee+ 7 ') 2
'ue *ee+ 7 'ay 4
')K2: 'e-ine bot$ #$ysi(a" and ($emi(a" de,adation. *$y do $umans $a9e a ,eate, a--e(t on
e(osystems t$an ot$e, anima"s8
Q: De+ine 2oth )hy!i"al and "he%i"al de#radation
1: P$ysi(a" de,adation (om#,ises 9e,y di--e,ent #,o(esses and mo,#$omet,i( -o,ms, main"y
t$,ou$ t$e de-o,mation o- t$e inne, soi" st,u(tu,e by (om#a(tion, (aused by t,a(+in .it$ $ea9y
a,i(u"tu,a" ma($ine,y, t$,ou$ 9e,ti(a" s$ee, st,ess (aused by ,otatin #a,ts o- ma($ines, e..,
.$ee"s, as .e"" as by ($emi(a" im#a(ts su($ as sa"ini=ation, es#e(ia""y a"+a"ini=ation. P$ysi(a"
de,adation a"so in("udes soi" e,osion by .ate, and .ind as .e"" as t$e -o,mation o- (,usts at t$e
soi" su,-a(e (soi" (,ustin&.
:$emi(a" de(om#osition, ana"ysis o, b,ea+do.n is t$e se#a,ation o- a ($emi(a" (om#ound into
e"ements o, sim#"e, (om#ounds. 4t is sometimes de-ined as t$e e%a(t o##osite o- a ($emi(a"
synt$esis. :$emi(a" de(om#osition is o-ten an undesi,ed ($emi(a" ,ea(tion.
Q: Why do hu%an! ha$e a #reater a++e"t on e"o!y!te%! than other ani%al!?
1: Iuman #o#u"ations $a9e a ,eate, im#a(t on e(osystems t$an #o#u"ations o- most ot$e,
"i9in t$ins do. Some o- us "i9e in 9e,y "a,e numbe,s in -ai,"y sma"" a,eas su($ as :amb,ide,
Sudbu,y, and :o,n.a"". 6t$e,s o- us s#,a." out to -i"" "a,e a,eas su($ as To,onto, *indso,, and
6tta.a. <it$e, .ay, ou, need -o, ,esou,(es is 9e,y ,eat, be(ause t$e,e a,e so many o- us.
7e+eren"e!
m$edu(ation.(a. (n.d.&. 0et,ie9ed -,om
$tt#://....m$edu(ation.(a/s($oo"/"ea,nin(ent,es/-i"e.#$#/9730070721901/o"(2/d"/199403/1P7.
#d-
5"um, *. <. I. (2014&. springerreference.com. 0et,ie9ed -,om
$tt#://....s#,ine,,e-e,en(e.(om/do(s/$tm"/($a#te,dbid/330077.$tm"
T$an+ you.
') 3 : 'ue 'ay 7 *ee+ 7.
'is(ussion )uestion
*ee+ 7 ') 3
'ue *ee+ 7 'ay 7
')K3: *$at a,e some .ays t$at .e mi$t be ab"e to ,eta,d $abitat de,adation8 *$at a,e t$e
($a""enes asso(iated .it$ t$em8
Q: What are !o%e 0ay! that 0e %i#ht 2e a2le to retard ha2itat de#radation?
1: ;s $uman #o#u"ations in(,ease, "and use in(,eases, and .i"d s#e(ies $a9e sma""e, s#a(es to
(a"" $ome. Mo,e t$an $a"- o- <a,t$Os te,,est,ia" su,-a(e $as been a"te,ed due to $uman a(ti9ity,
,esu"tin in d,asti( de-o,estation, e,osion and "oss o- to#soi", biodi9e,sity "oss, and
e%tin(tion. P,ese,9in $abitats is essentia" to #,ese,9in biodi9e,sity. Mi,ato,y s#e(ies a,e
#a,ti(u"a,"y 9u"ne,ab"e to $abitat dest,u(tion be(ause t$ey tend to in$abit mo,e t$an one natu,a"
$abitat. T$is (,eates t$e need to not on"y #,ese,9e t$e t.o $abitats -o, mi,ato,y s#e(ies, but a"so
t$ei, mi,ato,y ,oute. ;"te,in a natu,a" $abitat e9en s"i$t"y (an ,esu"t in a domino e--e(t t$at
$a,ms t$e enti,e e(osystem.
Q: What are the "hallen#e! a!!o"iated 0ith the%?
1: Iabitat "oss is a 9e,y se,ious #,ob"em on ou, #"anet today. ;"" anima"s $a9e a $abitat in
.$i($ t$ey "i9e, .$et$e, itOs a 9ast ,ain-o,est o, a tiny ant$i"". T$ey $a9e -ood to eat and a sa-e
#"a(e to s"ee# and ,aise t$ei, youn. T$ey (om#ete -o, -ood .it$ ot$e, s#e(ies and #,ote(t t$ei,
$abitat by bein te,,ito,ia" o, mi,atin -,om #"a(e to #"a(e to -ind mo,e -ood. *$en $umans
("ea, a -o,est -o, -a,min o, to bui"d $omes, .$ate9e, anima"s "i9e in t$at -o,est "ose t$ei,
$abitat. T$is is a 9e,y se,ious t$,eat -o, anima"s t$at $a9e "imited $abitat. 4t (an "ead to
e%tin(tion.
0e-e,en(es
ma,inebio.o,/. (2014&. 0et,ie9ed -,om
$tt#://ma,inebio.o,/o(eans/(onse,9ation/$abitat2(onse,9ation.as#
;mse", S. (n.d.&. netplaces.com. 0et,ie9ed -,om
$tt#://....net#"a(es.(om/+ids2en9i,onment/$o.2.e2a--e(t2t$e2en9i,onment/$abitat2"oss2
a,ound2t$e2.o,"d.$tm
T$an+ you.

BIO315 Discussion Questions

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DQ 1: Due Week 1 Day 4(Due 3/14/2014)

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