- 1 -

Acknowledgement
We, the proponents would like to express our appreciation and deepest gratitude to the
following people who helped us in making project as possible.
To our very kind and ever considerate instructor, Engr. Datu Amil Hussien O, Asakil, who
shared his expertise, humor, and knowledge in making this comprehensive project, who were
always there during the process of this project giving some advice and ideas needed to accomplish
it hand by hand, and for letting us experience the joy in putting all the knowledge we had learned
into something that can be a great help and contribution in humanity,
To all the Youtube uploaders who shared their knowledge and skills by uploading videos in
the internet that helped us to have an idea on how to make such project,
To our friends and classmates, especially the EC32FB1 class for their cheers and
encouragement, and also for all the ideas, thoughts, comments, and constructive criticisms for the
improvement of our project
To our guardians and parents who never fail to give us our needed guidance and non-stop
support not just morally but also financially for us to be able to comply with our project materials
and also for the love, care and understanding every time we go home late, for cheering us up in
times of losing hope and above all,
To Almighty God, who guides us in everything we do and who gives us strength to fulfill
and finish this project successfully, for giving us the knowledge and wisdom in exploring things
around us, and for giving us the determination to pursue our studies and to make this project
possible even at time we were about to give up.

- The Proponents







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Objectives
General Objective:
The main objective of our project is to apply our acquired knowledge, skills and wisdom we
had learned from our course EE313L1 which is all about electric circuits in creating a device which
will be useful for those people who were always out for travelling and also to design and develop a
portable charger that enables flexible and fully independent, autonomus operation for its economic
use. To deepen and widen our knowledge with basic circuitry and electronic devices through
practice and enhance our creativity by trying to produce and innovate such device.
Specific Objectives:
To help people and travelers charge they mobile phones during emergencies when they
run out of batteries.
To create a device which is portable and easy to carry that will enable users to bring it
wherever they want to.
To make such device that has the capability of charging mobile phones through USB
without the requirement of having power plugs, electronic sockets and the presence of
electricity.
To place an indicator to know whether the device is switched on or off in order to conserve
the battery energy.



- 3 -

ABSTRACT
Calamities and other types of emergencies cannot be avoided. Communicating with your
family and relatives is a need for others to know the status and situation of the affected ones. With
this emergency USB charger, phones and other devices can be recharged through USB by using a
9V battery. The phones can now be used to communicate with others.
Since the changes in the technology nowadays is uncontrollable and, from a simple mobile
phone which functions such as sending and receiving text messages and calls to mobile phones
that have added features like camera, video player, games ,etc. to which is now widely used all
over the world and the upgraded version of the usual mobile phones, the smartphones.
Smartphones are called smartphones because it's as if all the gadgets were just made into one and
all the things you need you can find it here like camera, GPS, Ebooks, and a lot more advanced
applications. Some famous smartphones now are Apple, Samsung, HTC, LG, and a lot more local
and international brands.
Phones, no matter what generation may it belong or the features that it may have
incorporated, it will still go back to its main function of communicating with others through text
message or call.


- 4 -

BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The Philippines, being in the pacific ring of fire, is prone to different calamities and danger.
The Filipinos are almost always hit by storm, typhoons, earthquake, floods and other calamities.
The case of fire can also be heard on the news. Thus, in times of emergencies like these,
blackouts cannot be avoided for the safety of the people. Unfortunately, this is also the time where
people needs power in order for them to communicate with their families and relatives on those
affected areas. With these blackouts, people usually cannot charge their phones nor other
communication devices since there is no power. The emergency USB charger will then be
applicable in times of these emergencies.
Modernization resulted to the advancement of technology. As a result, technology in the
recent years has dramatically evolved to things that go beyond mens imagination. With every new
discoveries and studies, the result of these contributes to what we know as technology. In return,
this technology resulted to different things that we humans made use of in order to live a simple,
easy, comfortable and convenient life. Further development and advancement in the technology is
aimed on this goal. One of the many things that this technology has offered is the devices or
gadgets that we use daily. One of which is the ever handy cellphone. From a big brick of plastic to
the modern day smartphones, the main or purpose of this device is practically simple: To
communicate anywhere with anyone at anytime. Of course, with the development of this goes the
added features that we consumers make use of.
Gone are the days were these devices of communication were in need of a direct
connection to an outlet. They were made simpler and handier by incorporating a battery as its
power supply. But even with this incorporation, newer development in the device made the
- 5 -

batteries a little bit behind the phase of this technology. Especially with the newer versions of this
device called smartphones, a much efficient and long lasting power supply is needed since the
latest generations of the device is consuming more energy than before. Thus, this result to fast
battery drain as compared before.
Different solutions are available to prolong the battery charge of these devices. There are
different applications that user may choose from. These applications claim that they can prolong
the battery charge by terminating any unwanted or unneeded applications and programs that
consumes battery charge. Whether it is true or not, this may not seem to solve the problem on the
long run. Yet again, another solution was this so called powerbanks. This device is rechargeable
and acts as an external power source for the cellphones. It is like having a portable mains that you
can plug your cellphone or any compatible device through USB for it to be recharged again. These
devices made use of USB since its becoming a popular way of connecting devices and it is also
used as the connector for the chargers of most smartphones. The capacity of these powerbanks
varies depending on their rating. One advantage of this over the applications available is that it
literally provide extra and emergency power for your cellphones. One downsize of such
powerbanks is the cost of them. Depending on the rating and on the brand, they may go from a few
hundred to several thousands of pesos. This therefore limits the capability of consumers to
purchase their own. With this idea in mind, the proponents decided to build their own version.
Since the proponents both owns smartphones, one thing they observe, as mentioned, is
that smartphones nowadays runs out of batteries easily than the usual mobile phones because it
has more functions and applications. Though some brands are offering longer battery life it is
inevitable or unavoidable to lose a battery charge especially when the users are out for travelling
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and there are no available mains or power supply. It is a big problem to the users especially when
they are in need or it is an emergency to use their phones.
Portable chargers were not made to replace the original mobile charger but instead it is
use in times of emergency. The concept of this portable charger is that the user needs to have a
standard 9 volts battery so that the user can bring it anywhere and use it when they run out of
battery charge on their phones.
A battery charger is a device used to put energy into a secondary cell or rechargeable
battery by forcing an electric current through it. The charging protocol depends on the size and
type of the battery being charged. Some battery types have high tolerance for overcharging and
can be recharged by connection to a constant voltage source or a constant current source; simple
chargers of this type require manual disconnection at the end of the charge cycle, or may have a
timer to cut off charging current at a fixed time. Other battery types cannot withstand long high-rate
over-charging; the charger may have temperature or voltage sensing circuits and a microprocessor
controller to adjust the charging current, and cut off at the end of charge. A trickle charger provides
a relatively small amount of current, only enough to counteract self-discharge of a battery that is
idle for a long time. Slow battery chargers may take several hours to complete a charge; high-rate
chargers may restore most capacity within minutes or less than an hour, but generally require
monitoring of the battery to protect it from overcharge. One application of a charger is for charging
mobile phones.
A smartphone, or smart phone, is a mobile phone with more advanced computing
capability and connectivity than basic feature phones. Early smartphones typically combined the
features of a mobile phone with those of another popular consumer device, such as a personal
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digital assistant (PDA), a media player, a digital camera, or a GPS navigation unit. Modern
smartphones include all of those features plus the features of a touchscreen computer; including
web browsing, Wi-Fi, and 3rd-party apps and accessories. The most popular smartphones today
are powered by Google's Android and Apple's iOS mobile operating systems.
Most mobile phone chargers are not really chargers, only power adapters that provide a
power source for the charging circuitry which is almost always contained within the mobile phone.
They are notoriously diverse, having a wide variety of DC connector-styles and voltages, most of
which are not compatible with other manufacturers' phones or even different models of phones
from a single manufacturer.
Users of publicly accessible charging kiosks must be able to cross-reference connectors
with device brands/models and individual charge parameters and thus ensure delivery of the
correct charge for their mobile device. A database-driven system is one solution, and is being
incorporated into some designs of charging kiosks.
Mobile phones can usually accept a relatively wide range of voltages, as long as it is
sufficiently above the phone battery's voltage. However, if the voltage is too high, it can damage
the phone. Mostly, the voltage is 5 volts or slightly higher, but it can sometimes vary up to 12 volts
when the power source is not loaded.

- 8 -

TABLE OF SPECIFICATIONS AND PRICE LIST
Component Specifications Price Total Price

9V Dry Cell
Battery
Eveready
Energizer
P 69.00
P 149.00
P 69.00
P 149.00

Battery Holder
3 x AA Battery
Holder
P 169.00 P 169.00

PCB
2 inches x 0.5
inches
P 18.00 P 18.00

Resistor 150 (1/4 W) P 3.00 P 3.00

Capacitor
2 x 47 F (25 V)
Electrolytic
P 12.00

P24.00

Diode 1N4001 P 1.00 P 1.00

Voltage
Regulator
LM7805 P 20.00 P 20.00
- 9 -


LED Red (small) P 1.50 P 1.50

Battery Clip 9V Battery P 6.00 P 6.00

USB Port Female P 10.00 P 10.00

Eyelet 2 P 2.00 P4.00

Eyelet Holder 2 P 2.50 P 5.00

Shrinakble
Tubes
1 Meter P 12.00 P 12.00


- 10 -

GRAPHS, TABLES AND FIGURES


The different USB ports available. The
project used the Type A.
A reference for the wiring of a USB
cable. The red and black wires are the
ones directly connected to the circuit.
The two in the middle are not used.


The final output of the prototype while it
is on.
Inner view of the prototype showing the
PCB and the 9v battery attached.

Discharging capacity of a 9V battery.

Basis for the voltage regulator orientation
of the LM7805 from its data sheet.

Basis for the pin orientation of LM7805.

All the components are soldered on the
PCB
- 11 -

PCB DESIGN
The PCB is cut having a dimension of 2 inches by 0.5 inches. The reason for
this is that it will fit nicely on the case later shown. Connections were made by
drawing marker or pentel pen on the copper side of the board, connecting different
components and separating which are meant to be separated.

PCB design on the 2 x 0.5 inches PCB. PCB submerged on Ferric Chloride
It is then submerged in ferric chloride to remove the unmarked copper side of
the PCB, making it an insulator. Those marked will not be removed, thus the
connections intended will be left behind. After further cleaning of the marker, the
figure below shows the etched design on the PCB. What is left is to drill holes for the
components and then solder them.

Etched design on the PCB. Holes drilled on the PCB

- 12 -

SIMULATIONS
Before one can know that a given circuit diagram (schematic) or ideas of it is
functional. One may choose to simulate or breadboard that schematic. Simulations
are becoming popular nowadays especially due to the advancement in technology
where a simple laptop or even a smartphone can do simulations. The advantage of
simulating is that the user isnt required to purchase and try the given circuits, which
is costly and much more time consuming. Simulation gives a wide range of various
components available, depending on the program or applications that offer such
service. Different programs or applications have its own unique features.
For this project, the program called Livewire was used. The proponents
choose this program since it is much easier to look for the components, place it and
connect it. One feature of this is that the current flow will be observed, making it
easier to understand the flow of current in the whole circuitry, perhaps at a glance.
Besides that, tester such as VOM are not that necessary since by just pointing your
mouse to a certain location or point in the circuit, it will automatically give values
such as voltage current and wattage on that particular part. The figures to follow
show the simulation of this project in the said program.
- 13 -


Schematic of the project.

Simulation of the circuit diagram (schematic) above.

Simulation of the charger connected to the Mobile Phone.
- 14 -

BREAD BOARD TESTING
Another option beside simulation is bread board testing. It is similar to the
simulation only that the users have real objects at hand, with specific values. The
components are placed in the bread board and then connected either by solid wires
or connecting components on the same line of current. This testing is essential after
simulation and before making the PCB since any final corrections and adjustments to
the connections and values will still be made.
The figure below shows the bread board testing of the project. It starts from
the placing of components, up to plugging it in to a mobile phone to see whether it
works or not.

Layout of the circuit diagram.
Every component are placed and then connected properly.


- 15 -


The 9V battery supply is then connected properly. Red is positive and black is
negative. The switch is turned on and the red LED lights up, showing that the
circuit is working.

The mobile phone is then connected through its USB cable and then the
switch is turned on. It can be seen on the phone that the charger is connected.
- 16 -


The input voltage is 7.81 V.


The input voltage drops to 7.02 V when the device is switched on.
- 17 -


The measure output voltage is 4.63 V, which is roughly 5 V (safe).

The input voltage is measured to be 7.42 V when the prototype is off.
- 18 -


The output voltage measured at the USB port is 4.64 V, which is roughly 5 V.
- 19 -

COMPUTATIONS

- 20 -

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

The normal current and voltage measurement in specified points such as in the input and
output. The capacitor shows red and blue dots that represent its charged state.

When the resistor in series with the LED, the current decreases and the voltage increases in
the output. Meanwhile, the current increases while the voltage remains constant at the
output.
- 21 -


When the level of the input voltage is around 5V, then the current at the input decreases.
There is no current at the output. This is because the output voltage for the voltage
regulator used is 5V.

When the input voltage is lesser than 5 V, then there is no current flowing in the output.
- 22 -


Under normal condition, removing the diode in the output would function well.

Same goes if the input voltage is near 5V.
- 23 -


If the input voltage is lower than 5V, then the current from the devices battery starts to flow
all the way to when the input voltage is zero.

The diode in the output, therefore, serves as protection when the input voltage is
decreasing. It prevents the flow of current from the devices battery.
- 24 -

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
During the course of this research project, as with most, numerous opportunities for future
research present themselves. This section contains many of these possible topics along with brief
explanations for the benefits of the future researchers for the state-of-the-art of the "emergency
USB charger".
Portable/emergency USB chargers are commercially available. They can go in the name of
powerbanks. They rated in their capacity to discharged (milliamp hour) because they are
rechargeable. Despite this, the internet offers vast sources of schematic where one can make a
Do-It-Yourself (DIY) mobile charger. All thats needed is the knowledge on how components work
and what they do in the circuit to be made.
"Portable charger" will benefit mostly to those people who are often out for travelling for
this charger does not require power plugs and electronic sockets and most importantly the
presence of electricity. Since this is portable, it will be easy for the users to take or carry their
device wherever they want to. This is not limited to the phones but other devices that made use of
USB as its charging port.
Since this is a homemade device, no further evaluations were made aside from the
voltage, current and charging ability of the device. The efficiency of this device will not be that great
compared to those devices commercially available since they are manufactured and tested with
proper equipments. With that, the proponent observed and concluded that not all phone can be
charge. This is because of the added features of recently release phones where it has safety
features when it comes to charging them. Therefore, I homemade mobile charger may or may not
work on some devices.
- 25 -

RECOMMENDATIONS
Future development on the device is highly recommended. Future development and
advancement in the technology will contribute to this project. The proponents suggest the following
recommendations:
Redesign the portable charger by making it smaller, lighter, more compact, and efficient.
Use a smaller casing that can fit nicely both the 9V battery and the PCB with its
components such us LED and USB port.
Use a DC supply (battery) that can replace the 9V battery where it is smaller, compact and
more efficient.
Use a DC supply (battery) that is rechargeable. Most rechargeable battery is rated on their
milliampere-hour (maH), or their capacity to discharge their stored charge. This will make
the charger less costly in the long run since standard 9V batteries are disposable. When
rechargeable battery is used, the charger can be used several times.

REFERENCES
Portable USB Charger (Version 2.0)
http://www.instructables.com/id/Portable-USB-Charger-Version-2.0/?ALLSTEPS
Travel Mobile Phone Charger Circuit
http://www.electroschematics.com/4000/mobile-phone-travel-charger/
USB Cellphone Charger Circuit
http://www.electroschematics.com/4983/usb-mobile-charger/
- 26 -

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

- 27 -

PERSONAL VALUES AND PERSONAL REFLECTIONS
Before doing this project we're already expecting that this will not be an easy task. That for
us to finish this project succesfully we shoud both exert our efforts. Even the first step which is
choosing the project we're going to propose is a hard thing, since it's not easy finding the right and
perfect project that both suits our interests, hobbies and personalities. We both learned to respect
and be open with each others own ideas and suggestions and because of that we came up with
doing this project, the "Portable Charger".
Even though we encountered a lot of problems and difficulties in doing this project, this will
be really unforgettable for both of us. There are times we find it hard motivating ourselves for us to
pursue this project since there were times we thought it will work then suddenly it will not and we're
not able to determine what might be the problem, why it's not working, what's wrong with our
design and a lot of things that pushing us down and lose hope but in the end of the day what's
dominating is the faith and trust in each other that we'll be able to finish it.
The pain and disappointment we felt every time we failed on making our project works is
worth it because the feeling of fulfillness and success is the most unexplainable feeling in the
world, knowing that all the hardships, sacrifices and efforts came up with a good and productive
result. Honestly, its really hard since we have other subjects that required projects too, and since
all of them are our priorities we go to school having just one hour to two hours sleep or the worst
none. But that what makes us a student for without it we will not be able to learn and discover new
things that will help us to grow and be a productive engineer in the future.
Instead of complaining that we have lot of things to do, projects needed to be pass, and
requirements that we need to comply, we have learned how to be thankful and how to value all
- 28 -

those hardships for what have the great Albert Einstein had said Out of clutter, find simplicity.
From discord, find harmony. In the middle of difficulty lies opportunity. This experienced were not
just for academic setting but also in the society as well for this have contributed and enhanced us
not just as a student but also as an individual who's aspiring to help other people and contribute to
the development of the world with the help of our skills, knowledge and learnings about technology
and innovation.
We would like to thank our ever-supported professor, Engr. Asakil, for giving us the chance
to experience this. We know that he was trying to mold and enhance us for us to be succesful in
the near future just like him. Since he was once also a student just like us, he was the best person
to understand us. His learnings and knowledge that he keeps on passing to his students may
continue and just like him, we'll be all successful.
Lastly, we're very grateful that the opportunity of making our own project prototype was
given to us. We learned how to work as partner or as a team, and for us the keys in making this
project as possible are patience, harkwork, efforts, inspiration, guidance, prayers, trust in each
other, unity, cooperation, inspiration, and a mind that will never tired of thinking that we're going to
surpass all the trials and difficulties and someday we're all going to be the person we wish to be, an
engineer.




- 29 -

SELF-EVALUATION, TEACHER EVALUATIONS, AND TIP COMMUNITY
EVALUATION
SELF EVALUATION
We know that both of us have exerted the effort and the knowledge needed to make this
project a success. In evaluating ourselves, we are confident enough that we have meet the
expectations we have for ourselves. We saw in each other that we are both striving to finish this
project.
This project serves as a practice for us and enhancement when it comes in reading and
analyzing schematic diagrams, soldering, choosing the right components to use, and most
importantly how to make our project works.
Doing this project, it helps us to bring out the best out of us and to share each others
learning. To learn and explore new things that will help us widen and deepen our knowledge.
TEACHER'S EVALUATION
We saw at Engr. Asakil all the efforts that he had also exerted for us to learn something
new that will help us, mold us and prepare us of becoming a productive engineer in the near future.
We can't thank him enough for giving us the opportunity to create a device which can contribute for
the betterment of our nation, for giving us challenges and trials where we can get lessons and new
learning that we can apply in solving problems that we will encounter.
We also extend our deepest gratitude in him for sharing us his expertise, knowledge and
skills not just as a professor or instructor but also as a successful engineer. We know that he
- 30 -

understand us better than the others since he also experienced how to be a student. We are lucky
for having a challenging professor who never gets tired of teaching us.
We'll never forget this course since this one is the hardest yet the most challenging one.
Having a good and outstanding professor like him is our privilege. Someday, when we become an
engineer as what we have always dream, we'll look back all the hardships and trials we had
surpassed as well as the people who have trained and molded us, and one of them will be Engr.
Asakil.
TIP COMMUNITY EVALUATION
We are blessed and lucky to have such community where successful engineers,
architects, accountants and others are being molded and trained to be a citizen which contributes
to the success of his nation. Truly TIP serves as our second home, for here we are being
enhanced to be better and here, we are receiving a high quality education.
One problem we only encountered and found troublesome is that the guards are
confiscating even small things like diodes, resistors, and capacitors which are very small and does
not have the capability of hurting someone but in the end we realize that it's just for the security of
the students and everyone in the school community.
The ECE/EE stockroom has also contributed to the success of our project. The tools we
don't have on our own are available in the stockroom. It's a good thing that TIP provides the things
we need with regards to our chosen profession.
As a whole, TIP community is one of the greatest contributions in making this project
possible, this school serves as our preparing place to be the best engineers.