INDEX

S.No. DESCRIPTION page No

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMERY 2
2. INTRODUCTION 3-5
3. TECHNOLOGY &HEALTH CARE ESTABLISHMENTS 5-13
4. PROJECT LOCATION & ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO 14-16
5. MANAGEMENT 17
6. PLANT AND MECHINEARY 18-25
7. CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES 26-40
8. GREEN BELT 41-51
9. EFFLUENT TREATMENT PLAT& FLOW DIAGRAM 63-69
10 REGULATORY FRAM WORK 70-73
11 MINISTRY OF ENVIRONMENT AND FORESTS 74-87
12 DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE 88-104
INCINERATOR
13 GUIDLINES FOR BIO MEDICAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITY 105-126








EXECUTIVE SUMMARY


ANANTHAPUR District having geographic area 19,130 Sq. Km. with a population
of 36.0 lakhs (2011 Census) is a draught prone district, and YSR KADAPA
Disttrict having geographic area 15,938 Sq. Km. with a population of 28.0 lakhs
(2011 Census) is a draught prone district, Despite having several Government
and private sector health care units, industries, pharma companies for safe
disposal of biomedical waste generated in the districts.
Keeping this in view, Sriven Environ Technologies, Ananthapur and YSR
Kadapa districts took initiative and intend to establish Common Bio-medical
Waste Management facility in two district to ensure clean and eco-friendly
environment in Ananthapur and YSR Kadapa Districts. A detailed assessment
was done on techno-economical viability of the project. Sriven Environ
Technologies has selected a project site in Survey No 277-1A, Dumpetla village,
Bathalapalli mandal Ananthapur(dist), Pin 515672. Purchased Ac.1.31 Cents
land to establish the facility after careful consideration of environmental
parameters, logistics, distances to of waste, etc. Sriven Environ Technologies has
got support and encouragement from health care establishments in the district,
APNA and Municipal Corporations Conceptualization of the project.
REIA & EMP for the Proposed Common Bio-medical Waste Management
Facility, Ananthapur and YSR Kadapa Districts.







2




Sriven Environ Technologies has proposed to install an Incinerator, Shredder
and Autoclave Equipment to meet Stringent MoEF, CPCB and APPCB rules
guidelines issued up-to-date Sriven Environ Technologies is committed to
maintain eco-friendly environment.
Based on baseline air quality, water quality, noise data, soil date, land use
pattern in the surroundings of proposed site, it is concluded that negative
impacts on environment and on habitation are minimum due to the
establishment of the proposed facility by Sriven Environ Technologies.
Further, the project would bring positive impacts in the form of safe disposal
of highly infectious bio-medical waste generated in the districts, marginal
livelihood creation for some locals. Greenbelt development at the proposed
project site, etc. Hence, it helps in improvement of environmental status in
the district and will have an ultimate positive impact on the Environment of
the Ananthapur and YSR Kadapa Distrcts.

1.0 Introduction :

The growth of Urban areas with the advent of industrial revolution lead to the
development of infrastructure facilities like housing, roads, schools, hospitals,
and recreational facilities. These facilities are a source of liquid, solid waste and
air pollution and the mitigation of the pollution loads is an important aspect of







3







urban planning. Efforts are being made by the urban planners to treat and
safely dispose the water and solid waste by setting up sewage

treatment plants for sewage treatment and municipal dumps for solid waste
disposal. The air pollution is tackled by regulating vehicular pollution.

The solid waste disposal facilities of the urban areas are becoming
dumping yards of various wastes which are not compatible. These dump yards
are becoming a source of disease due to mixing of hospital wastes with the
municipal wastes. Ministry of Environment and Forests, government of India
issued Bio-medical waste (management and Handling) rules, 1998 to regulate
the disposal of biomedical waste in a safe manner.

The medical and health facilities have grown apace with the development in
the urban areas and have become referral points for the surrounding rural areas.

Thus leading to generation of large quantities of biomedical waste which
should be disposed safely. The disposal of biomedical wastes is capital intensive
and the location of hospitals in the urban residential area precludes the
establishment of biomedical waste treatment and disposal facilities, in this
context common biomedical waste management facilities play a crucial role to
ensure that the wastes are disposed in a safe manner, in a safe location and
facilitates low capital investment.

Andhra Pradesh Pollution control Board has been encouraging the
establishment of common waste treatment facilities like common effluent
treatment plant, common Transport, storage and disposal facility for hazardous
wastes, and common biomedical waste management facility. Ananthapur and
YSR Kadapa Districts a fast growing industrial cities in the Rayalaseema. Coastal
is a hub of medical and health facilities for Rayalaseema.






4


Waste from health care facilities throughout the world, for hundreds of years,
was either burned or buried without environmental controls. More recently
concern for the human health and environmental consequences of medical
Waste treatment and disposal and for the safety of health care and sanitation
workers handling bio medical waste have encouraged regulation of these
wastes. In India, regulations are in force for the management of bio-medical
wastes in any form.

1.0 Technology :

It is proposed to treat and dispose the biomedical wastes by adopting the
best technologies suggested in Bio-medical waste (management and Handling)
rules, 1998. Incineration and Autoclave technologies will be adopted apart from
shredding the wastes treated by Autoclave/microwave method. The inert solid
wastes from the Autoclave/ microwave and the ash from the incinerator are
proposed to be sent to secured landfill. The effluents generated in the treatment
facility will be treated in an effluent treatment plant and the treated effluent will
be used for or land irrigation.

The operation of the common biomedical waste management facility involves
handling wastes some of which are toxic, infectious and hazardous in nature.
Improper operations and handling of the wastes have a potential to cause air
and water pollution apart from endangering the public health in general and the
spastically employee health. Pollution can be abated by following good operating
and handling practices and by adhering to stringent environmental management
practices. M/s.Sriven Environ Technologies, has prepared an Environment
Management Plan to identify the sources of pollution and the necessary negative
measures.



5






M/s. Sriven Environ Technologies is conscious of its responsibility towards the
society in minimizing the pollution load due to this facility, and has prepared an
environmental management plan as per the guidelines of Ministry of
Environment. The report includes the technology to be adopted and the
Environment management plan.

Health Care Establishment in Ananthapur and YSR Kadapa District.

There are about 170 health care establishments, about 3,400 bed strength at
Ananthapur District and about 156 health care establishments, about 2,800 bed
strength at YSR Kadapa District, run by the Government and Prvaite Hospitals in
the Ananthapur and YSR Kadapa districts, which include hospitals, public health
centers, dispensaries, diagnostic centres, labs, blood banks, PHCs and Pharmacy
industries others in the districts. It is estimated that there is bed strength of
about 6,200 beds in these health care establishments in two districts.























6

PROJECT LOCATION & ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO.

Introduction
The Common Bio-medical Waste Disposal Facility proposed Sriven Environ
Technologies, Ananthapur is based on incineration, autoclave and shredder
process M/s. Sriven Environ Technologies is mandated with objective i.e.
providing services to the health cares Establishments in Survey No 277-1A,
Dumpetla village, Bathalapalli mandal Ananthapur(dist), Pin 515672. For safe
disposal
of highly infected waste i.e., maintain clean environment and self employment to
the promoters. The organization will also provide services to clinics, pathological
laborites. Diagnostic center and blood bank in Ananthapur and Kadapa Districts.
For safe disposal of highly infected waste to maintain clean environment and self
Employment to the promoters the organization will also provide services to
clinics,
pathological laboratories. Diagnostic center and blood banks in Ananthapur and
YSR Kadapa districts, as per the environmental rules and regulations in force.

Location of the Proposed Project

The project is proposed to be established at the following place.
District : Ananthapur
Mandal : Bathalaplli
Village : Dumpetla
Extent of Land : Ac. 1.31 Cents
Base-line Environmental Status
Assessment of existing environmental status in and around the region of any
proposed activity is essential to identify critical environ mental attributes and
population likely be affected as due to the proposed activity, extent of impact,
whether reversible or irreversible and measures required to safeguard human
health and environment.
14

SRIVEN ENVIRON TECHNOLOGIES


S.No.

Designation

Qualification
No. of
persons

Job Responsibility


1
General
Manager
M.sc. One 1. Experience in Bio Medical waste treatment
facility operation since 5 years
2. Interaction with the official for legal
compliance.
3. Interaction with administrators of health
care units for compliance with BMW Rules
4. Overall in-charge: of operation of the
facility.

2
Manager
(Accounts and
Admin.
B.Com One 1. Charge for all accounting, works.
2. Gent. Admn work at the facility.
3. Support to Manager (Env) on
Administrative aspects viz., payments,
receipts,

3
Supervisor B.A/B.COM 6 Nos 1. Segregation Training
2. Tieup-HCES
3. Support to manager in operational
aspects of the facility.

4
Incinerator
Operator
LT.l 2Nos. Operation and maintenance incinerator and DG
set.

5
Electrician lTl One Electrical maintenance.

6
Autoclave cum
shredder
operator
SSC / lTl 2 Nos. Operation of autoclave cum shredder.


7
Mazdoor 5
th
Class 5 Nos. 1. Loading & unloading of waste into
equipment.
2. Shifting of waste from process shed to
disposal pits.

8
Watchman
(Resident)
One Security of the site and unit. Watering the green
belt area.

9

Drivers LMV License
Holder.
3Nos. Collection & transportation of waste.
Maintenance of vehicle. Including cleaning and
disinfection.


10
Pickup boys
On vehicles
3 Nos Collection & transportation of waste.
Responsible for collection of necessary
Information from the health care units.
Assistance to drivers in disinfection of waste-
load area, etc.

17





PLANT & MECHINERY


S.No Description of
Equipments Cost in Rs.



1. Incinerator of 150 Kgs/hr with automatic Loading,
variable throat venture scrubber all with program
45,00,000/-
logic Controlled 100 feet Self standing chimney with
lightening arrestor, Earthing pit, aviation Lamp etc

2. Auto Clave, Shedder 10,50,000/-

3. E T P 5,25,000/-

4. Generator 4,85,000/-

5. Building & Civil Constructions 18,40,000/-

6. Green Belt & Pollution Equipment 4,00,000/-









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6.2.1.1 CONSTRUCTIONAL FEATURES


1. Main Combustion Chamber/Primary Chamber

This is fabricated out of mild steel and is welded and bolted. Stainless stees
anchors are provided inside the chamber to hold the refractories. Insulation
bricks conforming to IS 2042 and 115 mm thick are provided. Thereafter
refractory bricks conforming to IS-8 and 115 mm thick are provided. Cold face
insulation of mineral wool is provided. This is equipped with loading door, ash
removal door and automatic burner operated by temperature indicating
controller which is set at 800 +/- 50 c. High pressure air from a blower is
provided through a number of nozzles fitted in the walls of the primary
chambers. Since refractory is very thick and air is circulated within the
chamber, it ensures a very low skin temperature of the incinerator.

2. Post Combustion Chamber/Secondary Chamber

This is also fabricated out of Mild Steel and is welded and bolted. Stainless
Steel anchors are provided inside the chamber to hold the refractories.
Insulation bricks conforming to IS 2042 and 115 mm thick are provided.
Thereafter refractory bricks conforming to IS-8 and 115 mm thick are
provided. Cold face insulation of mineral wool is provided. This is equipped
with automatic burner. A temperature controller is provided, which is
connected to the control panel. The operating temperature is 1050 +/- 50 c.

Is ometrc view of primary and secondary chambers of the incinerator system
is presented as Fig. 6.3.









26


3 Electrical Control Panel


The control panel supplied along with the incinerator is outdoor type and
placed separately. All controls will be housed within this common control
panel. The panel is duly powder coated. It houses the primary and secondary
burner controls, all the temperature controllers, motors starters, isolator
switches, overload relays for burners and fans and audio visual alarms for
abnormal workings. All electrical power, earth and control cabling from the
control panel to the individual drives and components will be provided. The
control panel is pre-wired. However, external wiring is to be carried out at site.





4. Cyclone Separator


Cyclone separator is provided to extract suspended particles from the flue
gases so as to make them safe for the environment. The cyclone is an inertial
separator. The gas entering the cyclone forms a vortex, which reverses
direction and forms a second vortex leaving the cyclone chamber. Particulate
matter, because of its inertia tends to move towards the outside


wall. The particles drop from the wall, the sides of the cyclone, to the bottom
of the cyclone separator for ultimate disposal.


5. Emergency Stack


An emergency stack is provided to release gases in case of electricity failure.


6. Venturi Scrubber



27

The flue gases from the cyclone separator are then sent to venture scrubber
Venturi scrubber is a high energy device (fabricated out of stainless steel)
where particulate matter as well as acidic pollutants are scrubbed. Here the
acidic gases are removed by absorption with caustic and the particulates by
the inertial impaction energy. A high prossure drop across the venture
scrubber, impacts sufficiently high energy which helps in atomizing the
scrubbing liquid and thus trapping the particulates. In venture, gases saturate
due to evaporation of water vapour and thus cool. % caustic solution is used
as scrubbing liquid to neutralize the S02 present in flue gases.


7. Droplet Separator/Demister


The flue gases then enter tangentially into the droplet separator, which is of
cyclonic type. By the action of centrifugal force, the larger deoplets present in
flue gases settle down. The droplet separator is also manufactured out of
stainless steel. Details of cyclone venture and droplet are presented as Fig.
6.4.


8. Ducting


All inter connecting ducting between scrubber and droplet separator/demister
is of stainless steel


9. Circulating Pump


A common re-circulating pump for venture is provided. The pump is of
stainless steel construction


10. Interconnecting Piping


28
All interconnecting piping between venture scrubber. Droplet separator and
water storage tank is provided.


11. ID Fan


The ID fan maintains the balance draft and draws out the clean gases into the
atmosphere through a 30 m high stack. The impeller of the ID fan is of
stainless steel SS316 and the casing is of SS304 to avoid corrosion.


12. Forced Draft Fan


A forced draft fan is provided to supply air inside the primary and secondary
chambers. The F.D. Fan is also dynamically balanced and is connected to the
electric motor.


13. Fuel Oil Tank & Piping


Fuel oil tank of capacity 1000 L fabricated out of mild steel is provided. The
fuel tank will have all connections for supply, return, drain and visual checking
of the quantity of fuel present in the tank. Complete fuel oil piping from the fuel
tank to both burners is provided along with the return line. The fuel line will
consist of one main stop valve, one individual valves for each of the burners
for supply and one individual valve for each burner for return. Two non return
valves will be provided in the fuel oil line. Fuel oil filters are also provided in
the fuel oil line. Fuel oil pipe line drawing is presented as Fig. 6.5

Table 6.1: Controls Provided in Circuit



S.No.

Control

Function


29




1.

Temperature Indicator
cum Controllor

Indicates temperatures and controls firing
In the primary chamber


2.

Temperature Indicator
cum Controllor

Indicates temperature and controls firing of
Burner in combustion chamber


3.

Limit Switch

Prevents firing of burner in pyrolytic
Chamber when charging door is not closed
Properly


4.

Temperature Indicator
cum Controller


Indicates temperature of outlet gases


5.

Overload Relays

Prevents motors from burning out


14. Power Supply

High performance diesel generator set of 50 KVA (Kirloskar make) will be
Installed to provide un-interrupted power supply for continuous operation of


the unit, air pollution control equipment and effluent treatment plant.

Technical specifications of the proposed incinerator are presented in
Table 6.2.

15. Standard Tools

Waste feeding tools, viz., rake, hoe, shovel, pocker, etc are required to
feed wastes to the incinerators. Fig.6.6 presents various tools supplied
along with the proposed Alfa-Therm incinerator for waste handling.

30


C However, as a precaution MoEF has stipulated a minimum guidance
temperature of 121 Centigrade with 15 psi distribution of temperature. At this
temperature and pressure, micro-organisms are completely destroyed and thus
render the wastes infection fee. R.I Ananathapur and YSR Kadapa Districts and
autoclave with the above principles thus rendering the wastes free from infection.
The dis-infected waste shall then be segregated in HDPE,PP, rubber, latex, glass
and metal. The segregated material shall then be shredded completing the
process of disinfection and ensuring non recycling of the waste materials for
medical/fool grade purposes. As an added safety. R.l. proposes to set up a
programmable vacuum type autoclave which can be operated at set
temperatures and pressure. Further to this it is intended to operate a completely
mechanized and automated autoclave wherein loading, unloading and shredding
are completely mechanized and do not involve any manual handing of the wastes.
The system shall be controlled by a PLC which has tamper proof continuous
recording devices to record the operational parameters, batch, load and operator
number, date time and other details as required.


6.2.2.1 Specification Of Autoclave


S.A.C. Power operated 2X2X4 feet capacity, rectangular, horizontal steam


Autoclave sterilizer with built-in boiler. The inner chamber is made of SS 316 with
50 mm thick high quality glass.


Wool insulation


Single door with radial locking system





31



s Operating temperature of 121 C and working pressure is 1.2 kg/cm2 in


compliance with CPCB guidelines S Provided with a microprocessor based
interface system for the parameters


like temperature, pressure, residence time, etc and a printer for controlling


and monitoring the sterilization cycle.


6.2.2.2 Autoclave Operation


S Segregated waste requiring sterilization (Cat 4, Cat 7) will be charged into
the


autoclave on a batch basis S Segregated recyclable plastic waste will be
washed with water prior to


sterilization S The waste will be allowed to be sterilized for a minimum of one
hour at a


temperature of 121 C. S The waste will not be considered properly treated
unless the required time.


temperature and pressure are reached during the autoclave process S If for
any reasons, the required temperature, pressure or residence time is not


reached, the entire load of waste will be autoclaved again until proper
temperature, pressure and residence time are achieved

32
Burners are temperature controlled (TIC-Thermocouple) and word on ON/OFF basis. The
frequency on ON/OFF will depend upon the nature of waste, moisture content, calorific
value etc and shall vary from waste to waste. The fuel Consumption also depends upon
the frequency of the door opening and method of operation of incinerator.


Autoclave


The primary purpose of autoclave is to sterilize-infect the waste with steam.
microorganisms which contribute to infection do not survive beyond 80.


Shredder

Shredding is a process by which waste are de-shaped or cut into smaller pieces so as to
make the wastes unrecognizable. It helps in prevention of reuse of biomedical waste
and also acts as identifier that the wastes have been disinfected and are safe to dispose
off. The shredder robust design with minimum maintenance requirement for bio-
medical waste


Following are some features of the shredder


Properly designed and covered to avoid spillage and dust generation. It
designed
to work a minimum manual handing.
The hopper and cutting chamber of the shredder designed to accommodate
the
waste bag full of bio medical waste. If hopper lid or door of collection box is
opened the shredder should stop automatically for safety of operator.
The shredder blade non- corrosive and hardened steel and highly resistant it
shred waste sharps, syringes scalpels, glass vials, blades, plastics, catheters,
broken ampoules, intravenous set/bottles, blood bags, gloves, bandages etc.



33



The shredder designed and mounted so it produces low noise & vibration. The
motor connected to the shredder shaft through a gear mechanism to ensure
low
rpm and safety. The capacity of the motor 3KW for 50kg/hr with induction
motor
it will ensure efficient cutting of the bio-medical wastes as prescribed in the
BMW Rules.

In case of shock-loading the shredder will stop automatically. In case of
overload
or jamming the shredder have a mechanism of reverse motion of shaft to
avoid
accident. The unit designed for operator safety, mechanical as well as
electrical

A separate energy meter fitted to shredder for recording total energy
consumed
for the operations


Ambient Air Quality


Ambient air quality monitoring was carried out two locations Ananathapur Proposed
Project Site for 3days to assess the status of criteria pollutants in the study region.
Monitoring was carried out for 24 hours on 8 hourly basis for SPM,SO2 AND NOx


7.3. Noise


The noise levels were monitored at town location for locations, Ananthapur
project site and Batthalaplli for one day(hourly observations for 24 hours) to
assess the noise levels in the study region. Leq(day) and Leg(Night) values were
calculated to be 45.6 dB(A) respectively for the project site and 62.8dB(A) and
54.2 dB(A) respectively for the Ananthapur thus noise levels are less than the
prescribed limits for industrial, commercial and residential zones as stipulated by
CPCB

34
Water Quality

However, no other surface water body is located within 2 km radius form
the proposed project sit. Ground waste serves the domestic, drinking and
agriculture purposes in the region. Ground water samples collected from a
bore well located about 400m from the project site was collected and
analysed for physic-chemical characteristics of the water as per IS 10500-
1992.
The ground water in the region is fit for drinking and domestic purposes
Soils
The formation of soils is a common phenomenon everywhere by the
process of weathering. The characteristics of the soils depend on the
mineral and chemical composition of the parent rocks. The soils in the
region are red sandy, Most of the land surrounding the project site is
barren and faloow. However there are patches of land where jowar is
cultivated which are essentially rain fed or ground water based. Soil quality
for the sample collected from the proposed project site is presented in
Table 7.3
Table 7.3: Soil Quality Date (Project Site)
S. no. Parameter Unit Measured Value
1 PH -- 8.8
2 Electrical conductivity U mho/cm 2386
3 Total Soluble Salts Mg/Kg 1572
4 Nitrate as N Mg/Kg 163

35
3.5 Noise And Vibration

The sources of noise generation are motors and pumps which emits noise level of
maximum 75 dB(A) at a reference distance of 1m from the source. The noise level
immediately out side the main building i.e. within the premises of the unit will be less
than 70 dB(A) and the noise level at the boundary will not exceed 55 dB(A).

Noise level in the plant will be controlled by the following measures.

1) Adequate spacing between noise sources and operators will be provided
2) Reflected noise will be reduced by us of absorbent materials on roofs. Walls
and floors.
3) By proper preventive maintenance which corrects vibrations and other
imbalances will be taken up.
4) Ear muffs will be provided to all the workers who are working at noise generating
sources.
5) Plantation of tall as will as short trees around the plant area will protect the
outside environment from any noise and dust nuisance.



3.6 Occupational Safety And Health

The identified occupational hazards due to this waste management facility are
exposure of infectious waste to the employees during collection and disposal.
the employees will be provided with safety shoes, masks, goggles and gloves.
all the employees will be monitored for any symptoms of exposure to hospital
waste periodically. The wastes treated by microwave and incinerator will be
periodically tested for spore testing to ensure that it is completely disinfected. And
to ensure the efficiency of equipment.

A periodic preventive maintenance schedule will be drawn and will be strictly
implemented to ensure the operational effectiveness of all the system. Proper
house keeping and cleanliness practices will be adopted inside and outside the
plant premises.


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37

3.7 Preventive, Maintenance and Operation of Environment Control System

The equipment is constantly checked for it performance. Proactive maintenance s
adopted. The environmental monitoning results are evaluated to identify problers
/under performance of the incinerator and the supporting equipment. Necessary
Steps will be taken to rectify the identified problems/defects.

3.8 House Keeping

Good house keeping practices will be adopted. Floor washing is avoided and
moping with wet cloth is done regularly to minimize liquid waste generation. Paper
waste is minimized by adopting intra office network. Sufficient workspace and
Proper lighting is pro0vided.

3.9 Socio Economic Environment

The project provides an opportunity for the local people to get employment
directly or indirectly and helps in ht eupliftment of the socioeconomic status of the
area. The project proponents propose to involve in social activities of the
surrounding community by planning the betterment of neighboring social
conditions through awareness and welfare programs. Which will ensure an
improved relation. The commitment of management includes road development.
employment to locals. Many of the beneficiaries of such programs shall include
own employees as well.

3.10 Transport System

The biomedical waste will be transported in specially constructed road trucks which will be
covered and will have the biohazard symbol. All the wastes transported under a
manifest system. The transport route of the wastes will be identified ir
consultation with transport authorities. Visakhapatnam municipal corporatior
authorities, APPCB and ubran planners to ensure that the biomedical waste
carrying trucks avoid passing through heavy traffic and avoid thickly populate
areas as far possible. Proper parking facilities will be provided for the roac





III-8
39
trucks. The number of road trucks to be used for this project will be two. Road
safety signs will be displayed both inside and out side the plant premises.



3.11 Green Belt Development

Environmental t greening program is an important component of the environmental
management Plan and is an imperative requirement for any major industrial
activity, as per guidelines issued by the Ministry of Environment and Forests,
GOI. Conceptualization, design and implementation of the proposed activity.
taking into account the specific requirements of the proposed industry and the
site conditions are presented.

It is proposed to take up afforestation to increase the general greenery and tree
cover and to promote eco-conservation. The plant species have been specially
selected keeping in view the terrain conditions and the environmental
conservation as well as the possible pollutants from the project

The environmental greening programme as designed comprises the location and
development of a shelter belt and afforestation. The shelter belt will contain
species, which act as windbreakers so that the environment within the plant is
contained. The planting of different species in rows is envisaged in general in the
greenbelt.

3.11.1 Selection of Species

The Central Pollution Control Board has after detailed study. issued a notification
in which certain species are recommended for plantation in the industrial areas
dust pollution areas and channel plantation for they have higher values o a
Pollution tolerance indices. Plants proposed for green belt include Tea
Eucalyptus. Indian Almond. Ornamental Bamboos. Mango. Omamental flowenng
Shrubs . Baugainvillea species. Pongamia Glabra. Moduga Cashew nuts etc



III- 9
41






The plants suitable for industrial premises are to be preferably evergreen, fast
Growing plants like:

Aegle mamelos
Ailanthus excelsa
Acacia Arabica (nilotica)
Acacia auriculiformis/acacia saligna
Aegle marmelos
Albizzia lebek
Ailanthus excels
Azadirachta indica
Bauhinia variegate
Cassia fistula
Cassia slamea
Dalbergia sissoo
Eucalyptus comendulensis
Ficus religiiosa
Jacamda mimosifolla
Leucamda leucocephala
Mangifera indica
Mangifera hortensis
Prosofis juliflora
Pungamia pinnata
Ricinous communis

The plant species recommended for gaseous polluted areas would be of repaid
Growth rate. and broad leafed. The following are some of the species
Recommended for their Air Pollution Tolerance (APT) Plants with a highe value
Of the APT index are suitabie for plantation in gaseous polluted areas for eg

APT
Ficus glamarata 32
Pithecelobium dulce 28
Polyalthia longifolia 19
Eucalyptus camaldulensis 15
Leucaena leucocephala 14
Vinca rosea (herb) 37


The green leaves of the plants help in reducing the dust pollution in the
Atmosphere by encouraging deposition of dust on their leaves. Plants with broad
Leaves and a sticky surface with or without stomata are preterabic for the purpose
Some of the plants is indicated here under



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43
DCE
Thespesia populinia 7.00
Tectona grandis 8.35
Shorea robusta 4.50
Terminalia arjuna 4.49
Polyalthia longifolia 4.56
Ficus religiosa 4.15
Mangifera indica 4.05
Ficus bengalensis 3.59
Ficus elastic 4.00

Methodology

Studies have been undertaken in respect in respect of the physiography. Soil conditions.
Topography relief and existing native vegetative pattern. to arrive at a proper
Environmental greening programme to be under taken at the proposed project
Site. The following methodology has been adopted in the preparation of
Environment greening programme.

Data in respect of rainfall. temperature. humidity. wind speeds and wind
direction have been collated.

The physiographic setting of the site and the site and the topoprofile have been arnived at
from the survey of india maps of 1:50000 scale and from the site specific topo
survey.

The database on existing vegetation in the site has been collated, which is an
Imperative requirement prior to the designing of a proper greening programme.

Shelter Belt and Avenue Plantation:

The prime objectives of planting avenue and shelter belts along the roadsides of
the proposed plant site are:

To establish trees on areas where new developments are planned;
To provide an aesthetic background
To provide screens for reduction of traffic noises and other undesirable
features:
To provide shade;
To conserve soil moisture;
To provide wind brakes, and
To reduce maximum air temperature
III-II
43
Choice of Tree Species:

For the purpose of avenue plantation. it is very much essential to consider the soil
type. The plant requirements, size of the plant at matunity, flowering season, color
of the flower and spread of canopy etc.

After considering such aspects and also the results of the study undertaken with
the assistance of the Ministry of Non-Conventioal Energy, Government of india
on growth parameters of various species. The species have been selected.

Development of Gardens and Landscaping:

Large vacant sites in the project area and the areas specially earmarked would
be profitably managed for eco-conservancy. The management practices are
designed to use plants to complement the natural beauty of the areas as well as
to fulfill the basic functions of shade. with protection and visual and physical
screens. as in all land use programs, protection of the site is the prime
consideration

Brief Descriptions of Certain Species:

ACACIA SALIGNA (Golden Wreath Wattle)

Acacia saligna is an extremely rugged tree and has proven to be widely
adaptable to barren slopes. derelict lands, and exceptionally arid conditions. It
grows rapidly and tolerates drought.

Acacia saligna grows quickly. often reaching up to 8 m tall with a spread as great
as its height in just 4 or 5 years.

It occurs on many soil types. Especially poor acid or calcareous sands. It will
grow under the most dry and adverse soil conditions and in moderately has,
clays and a range of podozois. The plant tolerates salt spray. Soil salinity and
alkalinity



iii.12
47

ACACIA ARABICA (Babul)
The plant is exceedingly drought tolerant and survives on many difficult sites. In
India. it is one of the most important species in social and farm forestry.
Acacia nilotica is a moderate sized tree that grows up to 20m and can withstand
extremes in temperature. though frost, tender when young.

AILANTHUS EXCELSA (Exotic Plant)

It is a fast growing tree that generates well by coppicing. It provides valuable
Fodder and shade and makes good shelter belts. It grows on a variety of soils.

CASURINA EQUISETIFULA (Sarugudu)

Rapid growing. carefree species for sites and climates as varied as coastal sand
dunes. high mountain slopes. the hot humid tropics and semi-arid regions. They
tend to be salt tolerant. wind resistant and adaptable to moderately poor soils.
Although they are not legumes. they do have they ability to form root nodules and
fix atmospheric nitrogen.

An abundance of switchy twigs absorb wind energy amazingly well. A wind
strong enough to blow hats of can be stripped off its force by a belt of casuarinas
two or three rows. leaving the leaward air heavy and still.

EUCALYPTUS CAMALOULENSIS (Red river gum)

The tree will grow in many climates from tropical to sub-tropical. It has the ability
to thrive on relatively poor soils and in areas where dry seasons are prolonged.
In dry areas. the species is commonly planted along road sides. in shelter belts
and in farm wood lots.

EUCALYPTUS TERETICORNIS (Nilgiri)

It is usually a slender stemmed tree up to 40 mts tall with erect or spreading
branches it acquired a minimum temperature 30c and can withstand 50C also.
Rainfall requirements are 200 mm to 12500 mm The tree is extremely drought
tolerant and survives in difficult soils. It is a moderate sized tree growing up to 20
mts high
iii-13
49
AZADIRACHTA INDICA. (Neem)

A deep-rooted. Medium sized tree and an evergreen one. The wood is an
excellent construction timber used for doors and windows. It is termite proof.
Neem seed contains 40% oil is used in many ways. It is insect repellent. Uit
is a good shade giving avenue tree.

ANACARDIUM OCCIDENTALIE (Cashew Nut)

Occidentalie is an erect spreading evergreen tree. Growing upto a height of 12
mts. With a rough bark and a spurious fruit. It is a hard and drought resistant
plant. It thrives under a variety of soil and climatic conditions but sandy places
are best suited to it. This tree starts bearing from the third of the fouth year, but
full beaning capacity is attained at the 10th

year. A fully developed tree is capable
of yielding 100 kg of nut per annum. Hence. It is treated as a very important plant
with high cash value. It prevents sand shifting very efficiently as its branches
more or less droop and spread on the sandy soils occupying a very wide area.

Description of some Ornamental Plantation Species:

BAUHINIA VARIGETA (Deva Kanchan)

An ornamental shade giving avenue tree. Grows to an average height of 6 to 8
During flowering gives a very good appearance. The wood is used for fuel and
for making charcoal.

PONGAMIA PINNATA (Pongam)

An evergreen shade giving avenue tree. Its growth is rather slow. The pods give
oil. which is medicinal value. It is an insect repellent. It is a good fuel wood
tree.

DELONIX REGIA (Turai)

A very good avenue tree with reddish beautiful flowers. During the off season it
sheds it leaves completely and a fresh growth reappears within a fortnight. The
wood is used as fuel

iii-14
51
SRIVEN ENVIRON TECHNOLOGIES
ANANTHAPUR

Effluent treatment plant for Biomedical Incineration
project
Construction of Effluent treatment plant for M/s. SRIVEN ENVIRON
TECHNOLOGIES is having a Biomedical Incineration unit at Ananthapur
District. The process involves the generation of effluent of around 5 m3 per
day. The effluents are required to be treated as per the pollution control board
standards before their final discharge. The project has been designed as per
the requirement utilizing existing facility and the characteristic of the raw
effluent.

CHARACTERISTIC OF RAW EFFLUENT

S.NO. PAREMETERS VALUE
1 PH 5.5-6.0
2 Oil & Grease (mg/1) <10
3 Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/1) 400-500
4 Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/1) 900-1200
5 Suspended Solids (mg/1) 400-600
6 Total Dissolved Solids (mg/1) 2200-2500

FACILITIES DEVELOPED FOR THE EFFELUENT TREATMENT
1. PRIMARY SETTING TANK
2. SECONDARY AREATION TANK & CHOLORINATION TREATMENT TANK
3. DEEPBED SILICA RAPID SAND FILTERATION
4. DEEPBED RAPID ACTIVATED CARBON FILTERATION
5. FINAL TREAT MENT TANK

PRIMARY SETTING TANK
Length - 5.1 mtr
Tank width - 2.1 mtr
Depth - 1.8 mtr
Litres Capacity - 10.000 ltr

THE PRIMARY SETTING TANK IS THE FIRST
EFFLUENT COLLECTION TANKWHICH WILL COLLECT ALL THE
63
IMPURIETIES AND THE SUSPEND PARTICLE IN THE EFFLUENT WATER
FROM THE INSINERATOR PLANT & VECHILE WASH. ALL THE SUSPENDED
MATTER SETTLES TO THE BOTTOM OF THE TANK WITH PLAIN
SEDIMENTATION PROCESS AND THE SUPERNUTRIENT CAUSTIC SODA
TRANSFEERED TO THE AERATIOB TANK. IF NECESSARY CAUSTIC SODA
WILL BE ADDED TO NEUTRALIZE THE EFFLUENTS.

SECONDARY AREATION TANK & CHLORINATION TANK
Length - 5..3 mtr
Width - 2.2
Depth - 1.2 mtr
Litres Capacity - 10000 ltr

MANUVALLY CHLORINATED WITH 25 PPM DOSING TO
CRASH KILL ALL THE BACTRIA FOR BACTRIA FREE WATER. AFTER THE
CHLORINATION. TO REMOVE THE RESIDUAL CHLORINE A DIFUSED
AIRATION WILL BE GIVEN WITH BLOWER ATTCHED TO THE
CHLORINATION TANK WITH DEFUSING PIPES RUNNING AT THE BOTTOM
OF THE TANK. THE AERATION TANK WITH ABOVE DIMENTIONS WITH
SAME CAPACITY WILL COLLECT SUPERNUTRIANT FORM THE PRIMARY
SETTLING TANK AND ALLOW FOR AERATION BY DIFFUSED SYSTEM. THE
ORGANIC LOAD WILL GET REDUCED IN THIS TANK. THE 2 HP MOTOR WILL
PUMP TO THE THIRD PROCESS FOR THE FINE FILTERATION THROUGH
DEEP BED RAPID SILICA SAND FILTER.

DEEPBED RAPID SILICA SAND FILTERATION

Sand filter Tank with multi port Valve
Number of tanks - 1
Model WD 400 - 1
4 0mm 5 way MPV
Capacity -4500 Ltrs per Hour.
Height 1670 mm Dia 416 mm
Make Fiber Glass ( Made in Australia) Non corrosive.

THE DEEPBED SILICA SAND FILTER WITH FIVE WAY
MULTIPORT VALVE SYSTEM, DEEP 1670 MM LATERAL FILTERS FOR
FINE FILTERATION, WITH THE CAPACITY OF 200 KG BED SIZE AND
16/30 SILICA SAND WHICH WILL FINE FILTER THE EFFLUENT WATER
AS FRESH WATER WITH ZERO SUSPENDED SOLIDS IN THE WASTE
WATER AND TRANSFERRED TO THE ACTVATED CARBON DEEP BED
FILTER.
THE ADVANTAGE WITH RAPID FILTER IS TO FILTER THE
WHOLE WASTE WATER IN TWO HOURS TIME. AFTER THE FILTRATION
COMPLETES THE PARTICULATE ACUMULATED IN THE FILTER WILL BE

65
BACKWASTED WITH THE MULTIPORT VALVE TO THE SETTLING TANK
DRAWING THE FRESH WATER FROM THE FRESH WATER TANK.
DEEPBED ACTIVATED CARBON FILTERATION

Activated Carbon Filter with Multi Port Valve
Number of tanks - 1
Model WD 400 - 1 in 6
40mm 5 way MPV - 1
Capacity - 4500 Liters per Hour.
Height 1670 mm Dia 416 mm
Make Fiber Glass (Made in Australia) Non corrosive.
THE DEEPBED ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER WITH FIVE WAY
MULTIPORT VALVE SYSTEM, DEEP 1670 MM LATERAL FILTER FOR FINE
FILTERATION, WITH CAPACITY OF 200 KG BED SIZE AND 16/30 OF
300% IODINE ACTIVATED CORBON FILTER WHICH WILL FINE FILTERS
THE EFFLUENT WATER FROM ALL THE RESIDUAL MEDICINAL AND
PHENOLOC DISOLVED IMPURITIES IN THE WASTE WATER AND CONVERTS
AS FRESH WATER WITH ZERO SUSPENDED SOLIDS IN THE WASTE WATER
AND TRANSFERRED TO THE FINAL CHLORINATION TANK.

THE ACTIVATED CARBON FILTER WILL FILTER THE WHOLE WAS TE
WATER IN TWO HOURS TIME. AFER THE FILTRATION COMPLETES THE
PARTICULATE ACUMULATED IN THE FILTER WILL BACKWASHED WITH
THE MULTIPORT VALVE TO THE SETTELING WILL DRAWING THE FRESH
WATER FROM THE FRESH WATER TANK BY PASSING THROUGH
MULTIPORT VALVE OF RAPID SAND FILTER.
FINAL TREATMENT TANK

Length - 5.1 mtr
Tank Width - 2.1 mtr
Depth - 1.8 mtr
Litres Capacity - 10000 ltr

THE FINAL TREATMENT TANK HAS BEEN DESIGNED FOR THE MAXIMUM
CAPACITY OF 13000 LTRS, THE ENTIRE WASTE WATER FILTERED AS FINE
WATER WILL BE COLLECTED IN THIS TANK CAN BE UTILISED FOR THE
GARDENING PURPOSE AND WASHING VEHICLES ETC.
CHARACTERSTICS OF TREATED EFFLUENT AFTER ETP PROCESS
S. NO. PARAMETERS VALUE
1. Ph 7 8
2. Oil & Grease (mg/l) <2
3. Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) <30
4. Chemical Oxygen Demand (mg/l) <200
5. Suspended Solids (mg/l) <50
6. Total Dissolved Solids (mg/l) <1800
67

REGULATORY FRAMEWORK


3.0 INTRODUCTION

Management of highly contaminated clinical and pathological wastes is one of
the major problems encountered in the drive for environment protection. To
enable effective management and handling of the bio-medical the Ministry of
Environment and Forests (MoEF) notified Bio-medical Waste (Management
and Handling) Rules in the year 2000 under the powers conferred by Sections
6,8 and 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 (29 of 1986) to regulate
Generation, collection, receipt, storage, transportation, treatment, disposal or
Handling of bio-medical waste ihn any form. A copy of the notification while
Incorporating the amendments made to the principal notification is presented
as Annex 4.

3.1 Bio-Medical Wastes (Management & Handling) Rules, 2000

As per the regulatory norms, Bio-medical Waste means any waste, which is
Generated during the diagnosis, treatment of immunization of human beings or
Animals or in research activities pertaining thereto or in the production or
Testing of biological, and including all categories of wastes mentioned in the
Schedule incorporated in the rules.

Bio-medical wastes are divided in to 10 categories with probable treatment
Options based on available technologies with an option given to the
Occupier/operator wishing to use other State-of-the-Art technologies shall
approach the CPCB to get the standard laid down to enable the prescribed
authority to consider grant of authorization.












70

The Municipal Corporations, Municipal Board or urban
Case may be, shall be responsible for providing suitable common
disposal/incineration sites for the biomedical wastes generated in the area
under their jurisdiction and in areas outside the jurisdiction of any municipal
body. If shall be the responsibility of the occupier generating for suitable
waste/operator or in association, so as to comply with the provisions of the
Bio-medical rules.


The rules clearly specified the norms of treatment and disposal of bio-medical
Wastes.

3.2 Guidelines for design & Construction of Bio-medical Waste
Incinerator & Common Bio-medical Waste Treatment Facility

Central pollution Control Board formulated guidelines in 2003 for Design and
Construction of Bio-medical Waste Incinerators and Common Bio-medical
Waste Treatment Facility. As per the guidelines, a Common Bio-medical
Waste Treatment Facility is a set up where bio-medical waste, generated from
A number of health care units is imparted necessary treatment to reduce
adverse effects that this waste may pose. The treated waste may finally be
sent for disposal in a landfill or-for recycling. Installation of Individual treatment
facilities by small healthcare units required comparatively high capital
investment. In addition, it requires separate manpower and infrastructure
development for proper operation and maintenance of treatment systems. The
concept of CBWTF not only addresses such problems but also prevents
proliferation of treatment equipment in a city. In turn reduces the monitoring
pressure on regulatory agencies. By running the treatment equipment at
CBWTF to its full capacity, The cost of treatment of per kilogram gets
Significantly reduced. Its considerable advantages have made CBWTF
Popular and proven concept in many developed countries.






71








The guidelines issued by CPCP addressed critical aspects such as location. Land
Requirement, coverage area of CBWTFs, treatment equipment, treatment
Equipments infrastructure set up, collection, and transportation of bio medical
Wastes, disposal of treated bio medical wastes, cost to be charged by CBWTF
Operator from the healthcare units, setting up an operation of CBWTF. Criteria for
Better performance, etc copy of the guidelines issued by CPCB is enclosed as
Annex-5







72

























Annexure-I
Design and Construction of Bio-medical Waste Incinerator
1. General
1. These guidelines shall be applicable only to the new installation of
incinerators. However, the existing incinerator shall be retrofitted with Air
Pollution Control Device as mentioned in these guidelines.
2. Incinerator shall be allowed only at Common Bio-medical Waste
Treatment Facility (CBWTF).
3. Installation of individual incineration facility by a healthcare unit shall be
discouraged as far as possible but approval may be granted only in certain
inevitable situations where no other option is available.

2. Incinerator

Following design criteria may be adopted for better performance:

i. The incinerator shall be designed for capacity more than 50 kg/hr. For 50
kg/hr capacity, the minimum hearth area shall be 0.75 sq. m (8 sq. feet)
and the minimum flow of the flue gas in the secondary chamber shall be
0.6m3/sec at 1050C. Each incinerator must be installed with an air
Pollution control system (as specified in the section 3).
ii. The size of the opening through which the waste is charged shall be larger
than the size of the waste bag to be fed. The volume of the primary
chamber shall be at least five times the volume of one batch.
iii. The double chamber incinerator shall preferably be designed on
controlled-air incineration principle, as particulate matter emission is low
in such incinerator. Minimum 100% excess air shall be used for overall
design. Air supply in the primary and secondary chamber shall be
regulated between 30%-80% and 170%-120%of stoichiometric amount
respectively. Primary air shall be admitted near / at the hearth for better
contact. Flow meter / suitable flow measurement device shall be provided
on the primary & secondary air ducting. The combustion air shall be
supplied through a separate forced draft fan after accounting for the air
supplied through burners. Optional: For higher capacity incinerators,
typically above 250 kg/hr, other design e.g. Rotary Klln shall be

88

preferred, in case the total bio-medical waste treated in a batch (8
hour) is exceeding 2.5 Tons.

iv. A minimum negative draft of 1.27 to 2.54 mm of WC (Water Colomn)
shall be maintained in the primary chamber to avoid leakage of gaseous
emissions from the chamber and for safety reasons. Provision shall be
made in the primary chamber to measure the Water Column pressure.
v. The waste shall be fed into the incinerator in small batches after the fixed
interval of time in case of fixed hearth incinerator and continuous charging
using appropriate feeding mechanism in case of rotary kiln incinerator or
as recommended by the manufacturer. The size of the hearth i.e. primary
chamber shall be designed properly.
vi. The sides and the top portion of the primary and secondary chambers
shall preferably have rounded corner from inside to avoid possibility of
formation of black pockets/dead zones.
vii. The size of the secondary chamber shall be properly designed so as to
facilitate a minimum of one second of residence time to gas flow. For the
estimation of residence time in the secondary chamber its volume shall be
calculated starting from the secondary burner tip to the thermocouple.
viii. The refractory lining of the chamber shall be strong enough to sustain
minimum temperature of 1000 C in the primary chamber and 1200 C in
the secondary chamber. The refractory & insulation bricks shall have
minimum 115 mm thickness each & conform to IS:8-1983 & IS:2042-1972
respectively.
ix. The Incinerator shell shall be made of mild steel plate of adequate
thickness (minimum 5 mm thick) & painted externally with heat resistant
aluminum paint suitable to withstand temperature of 250 C with proper
surface preparation. Refractory lining of the hot duct shall be done with
refractory castable (minimum 45 mm thick) & insulating castable
(minimum 80 mm thick). Ceramic wool shall be used at hot duct flanges &
expansion joints.
x. The thermocouple location shall be as follows: In Primary chamber-Before
admission of secondary air in Secondary chamber At the end of
secondary chamber or before admission of dilution medium to cool the
gas
xi. There shall be a separate burner each for the Primary & Secondary
chamber. The heat input capacity of each burner shall be sufficient to raise
the temperature in the primary and secondary chambers as 80050C and
105050C respectively within maximum of 60 minutes prior to waste
Charging. The burners shall have automatic witching off/on control to


90
a void the fluctuations of temperatures beyond the required temperature
range.

(a) Each burner shall be equipped with spark igniter and main burner.
(b) proper flame safeguard of the burner shall be installed.
(c) provide view ports to observe flame of the burner.
(d) Flame of the primary burner
shall be pointing towards the centre of the hearth.
shall be having a length such that it touches the waste but
does not impinge directly on the refractory floor or wall.
The secondary burner shall be positioned in such a way that
The flue gas passes through the flame.
xii. There shall not be any manual handling during charging of waste in to the
primary chamber of the incinerator. The waste shall be charged in bags
through automatic feeding device at the manufacturers recommended
intervals ensuring no direct exposure of furnace atmosphere to the
operator. The device shall prevent leak age of the hot flue gas & any
backfire. The waste shall be introduced on the hearth in such a way so as
to prevent the heap formation. Suitable raking arrangement shall be
provided for uniform spreading of waste on the hearth.
xiii. A tamper-proof PLC (programmable Logic Control) based control system
shall be installed to prevent:
(a) Waste charging until the required temperature in the chambers are
attained during beginning of the operation of the incinerator
(b) Waste charging unless primary & secondary chambers are
maintained at the specified temperature range.
(c) Waste charging in case of any unsafe conditions such as very high
temperature in the primary & secondary chambers: failure of the
combustion air fan, ID fan, recirculation pump: low water pressure &
high temperature of the flue gas at. the outlet of air pollution
control device.
xiv. The incineration system must have an emergency vent. The emergency
vent shall remain closed i.e. it shall not emit flue gases during normal
operation of the incinerator.
xv. Each incineration system shall have graphic or computer recording devices
which shall automatically and co9ntinuously monitor and record dates,time




92
of day, batch sequential number and operating parameters such as
temperatures in both the chambers. CO, CO2, and O2 in gaseous emission
shall also be measured daily (at least hour at one minute interval).
xvi. The possibility of providing heat recovery system/heat exchanger with the
incinerator shall also be considered wherever possible.
xvii. Structural design of the chimney / stack shall be as per IS: 6533-1989. The
chimney/stack shall be lined from inside with minimum of 3 mm thick
natural hard rubber suitable for the duty conditions and shall also conform
to IS:4682 part I-1968 to avoid corrosion due to oxygen and acids in the
flue gas.
xviii. The location and specification of porthole, platform ladder etc shall be as
per the Emission Regulations, part-3 (COINDS/20/1984-85). published
by CPCB.

3. Air Pollution Control Device

It is not possible to comply with the emission limit of 150 mg/Nm3 (corrected to
12% Co2) particulate Matter, without Air pollution Control Device (APCD).
Therefore, a bio-medical waste incinerator shall always be equipped with APCD.

i. No incinerator shall be allowed to aoperate unless equipped with APCD.
ii. The incinerator shall be equipped with High pressure Venturi Scrubber
System as ordinary APCD such as wet scrubber or cyclonic separator
cannot achieve the prescribed emission limit. For the facilities operating
for 24 hrs a day, APCD in terms of quenching followed by cyclone
separator, dry lime injection & activated carbon followed by bag filter can
be considered.
iii. The details of High pressure Venturi Scrubber System as given below:

(a) The Venturi scribber shall have minimum pressure drop of 350 mm
WC to achieve the prescribed emission limit. The temperature of
the flue gas at the outlet of the venture scrubber shall be approx.
70-80c to ensure the saturation of the flue gas.
(b) The venture scrubber shall preferably be made of stainless steel -
316L grade or better material or mild steel lined with acid resistant
bricks to avoid corrosion
(c) The water to be used in venture scrubber shall be added with caustic
Soda solution to maintain the Ph of the scrubbing liquid above 6.5


94
(d) The scrubbing medium shall be circulated @ 2-2.25 ltrs/m3 of
Saturated flue gas at venture outlet. This shall be done using a pump
& piping made of stainless steel -316 grades or better material. The
Scrubbing medium shall be recirculated as far as possible.
(e) Venturi scrubber shall be followed by centrifugal type droplet
Separator to remove water droplets from flue gas.
(f) The material of construction of the droplet separator and
Interconnecting ducting from venture scrubber to droplet separator,
droplet separator to ID fan & ID fan to stack, shall be mild steel
ined from inside with minimum 3 mm thick natural hard rubber
suitable for the duty conditions and shall also conform to IS: 4682
part I-1968 to avoid corrosion due to oxygen and acids in the wet
flue gas.
(g) The wastewater generated from the air pollution control device
shall be properly handled so as to avoid any non-compliance of the
regulatory requirements.
(h) stack emission monitoring and ash analysis as per the requirement
of the Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998,
shall be done quarterly i.e. once in every three months and record
shall be maintained by the facility operator.

4. Inclnerator room and waste storage room

i. The incinerator structure shall be built in a room with proper roofing and
cross ventilation. There shall be minimum of 1.5 m clear distance in all the
directions from the incinerator structure to the wall of the incinearator
room.
ii. Adjacent to the incinerator room, there shall be a waste storage area. It
shall be properly ventilated and so designed that waste can be stored in
racks and washing can be done very easily. The waste storage room shall
be washed and chemically disinfected daily.
iii. The floor and inner wall of the incinerator and storage rooms shall have
outer covering of impervious and glazed material so as to avoid retention
of moisture and for easy cleaning.
iv. The incineration ash shall be stored in a closed sturdy container in a
Masonry room to avoid any pilferage. Finally, the ash shall be disposed in a
Secured landfill.

5. Operator of the incinerator

96
i. A skilled person shall be designated to operate and maintain the
incinerator. The operator shall have adequate qualification in relevant
subject and shall be trained and certified by the incinerator supplier in
operation & maintenance of the incinerator.
ii. There shall be at least one assistant designated at the incinerator plant to
keep track of the wastes, records ofincinerator operation, cleanliness of
the surrounding area and incinerator & waste storage room. They shall
also take care of waste charging and incineration ash disposal.
iii. All the staff at the incinerator plant shall put on protective gears such as
gumboots, gloves, eye glasses, etc. for safety reasons.
iv. Any accident occurred shall immediately be reported to the facility
operator. The facility operator shall have well defined strategies to deal
with such accident/emergency.
Note:

The incinerator should be procured only from the manufacturing unit
having registered under the Factories Act, 1948 and Companies Act, 1956.

[The guidelines will help in selection/installation of better incinerator system.
However, it shall be ensured that the incinerator shall comply with the standards
stipulated in the Bio-medical waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1998.]



-- 00--










98







submitted whenever required by an authorized officer of regulatory
Agency.

(10) COLLECTION AND TRANSPORTATION OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE:

The collection and transportation of bio-medical waste shall be carried out in a
manner so as to avoid any possible hazard to human health and environment.
Collection and transportation are the two operations where the chances of
segregated bio-medical waste coming in contact with the public, rag pickers,
animals/birds, etc are high. Therefore, all care shall be taken to ensure that the
segregated bio-medical waste, handed over by the healthcare units, reach CBWTF
without any damage, spillage or unauthorized access by public, animals etc. A
responsible person from the CBWTF operator shall always accompany the vehicle
to supervise the collection and transportation of bio-medical waste.

(i) Collection of bio-medical waste:

Generator of the bio-medical waste is responsible for providing
segregated waste in accordance with the provisions of the Bio-
medical Waste (Management & Handling) Rules, 1988, to the CBWTF
operator. The CBWTF operator shall not accept the non-segregated waste
and such incident shall be reported to the Prescribed Authority once in a
quarter. Temporary storage at healthcare unit shall be designated. The
coloured bags handed over by the healthcare units shall be collected in
similar coloured containers with cover. Each bag shall be labeled as per
Schedule III & IV of the Bio-medical Waste (Management & Handling)
Rules, so that at any time, the healthcare units can be traced back that are
not segregating the bio-medical wastes as per the Rules. The coloured
containers should be strong enough to withstand any possible damage
that may occur during loading, transportation or unloading of such
containers. These containers shall also be labeled as per the Schedule III of
the Rules. Sharps shall be collected in puncture resistant container. The
person responsible for collection of bio-medical wastes shall also carry a
register with him to maintain the records such as name of the healthcare
unit, the type and quantity of waste received, time at which collected from
the member HCF, signature of the authorized person from the healthcare
unit etc. Bar coding system may be adopted to identify and
maintaining records.




100




(ii) Transportation of the collected bio-medical waste to the CBWTF:
All the vehicles used by the CBWTF operator shall not be subletted/
contract vehicles should not be used by the CBWTF operator and all the
vehicles should be owned by the CBWTF operator and the vehicle
numbers should also be registered with the respective SPCB/PCC for the
purpose of collection of bio-medical waste from the member health care
facilities.


The bio-medical waste collected in coloured containers shall be
transported to the CBWTF in a fully covered vehicle. Such vehicle shall be
dedicated for transportation of bio-medical waste only. Depending upon
the volume of the wastes to be transported, the vehicle may be a three-
wheeler, light motor vehicle or heavy duty vehicle. In either case, the
vehicle must posses the following:

(a) Vehicle shall be fitted with GPS to track the movement of the
vehicle.

(b) Separate cabins shall be provided for driver/staff and the bio-
medical waste containers.

(c) The base of the waste cabin shall be leak proof to avoid pilferage of
liquid during transportation.

(d) The waste cabin may be designed for storing waste containers in
tiers and also should be provided with a lighting provision.

(e) The waste cabin shall be so designed that it is easy to wash and]
disinfect.

(f) The inner surface of the waste cabin shall be made of smooth
surface to minimize water retention.

(g) The waste cabin shall have provisions for sufficient openings in the
rear and/for sides so that waste containers can be easily loaded and
unloaded.


102
(h) The vehicle shall be labeled with the bio-medical waste symbol (as
per the Schedule III of the Rules) and should dispiay the name,
address and telephone number of the CBWTF.

The vehicle driver should carry always valid registration of the
vehicle obtained from the concerned transport authority and also
carry valid pollution under control certificate issued by the
authorized certificate issuing agency.

Depending upon the area to be covered under the CBWTF, the route of
transportation shall be worked out. The transportation routes of the vehicle shall
be designed for optimum travel distance and to cover maximum number of
healthcare units. As far as possible, the transportation shall be carried out during
non-peak traffic hours. If the area to be covered is very large, a satellite station
may be established to store the bio-medical waste collected from the adjoining
areas. The wastes so stored at satellite station may then be transported to the
CBWTF in a big vehicle. It shall be ensured that the total time taken from
generation of bio-medical waste to its treatment, which also includes collection
and transportation time, shall not exceed 48 hours.

(11) DISPOSAL OF SOLID WASTE
Incineration ash, treated waste sharps, plastic waste, glass waste and sludge
from effluent treatment plant are generally generated from the CBWTF
from the treatment systems such as incineration, autoclaving/ microwaving,
effluent treatment plant respectively. The treated bio-medical waste shall be
disposed as per the options suggested below

Sl. No. Waste Category Suggested Disposal Options
1. Plastic wastes after disinfection
and shredding
Sale to plastic waste recycler
permitted by the SPCBs/ PCCs
for Recycling or municipal
sanitary landfill
2. Disinfected Sharps (Including
needles and syringes)
If encapsulated, disposal in
Municipal Sanltary Landfill shall
be explored
3. Inclneration ash If non-encapsulated Municipal
landfill/ Possibility of recycling
shall be explored
4. Other treated solid wastes Secured landfill/ nearby HW
TSDF depending on test
report.Municipal Sanitary
Landfill


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