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Suraj Pawar has successfully completed his summer project titled "Impact of sowing period on the yield of jowar crop and preference for Hybrid Jowar among trade and farmers" towards the partial fulfilment of his course. He has given original data, information and maintained full confidentiality to the best of his knowledge.
Suraj Pawar has successfully completed his summer project titled "Impact of sowing period on the yield of jowar crop and preference for Hybrid Jowar among trade and farmers" towards the partial fulfilment of his course. He has given original data, information and maintained full confidentiality to the best of his knowledge.
Suraj Pawar has successfully completed his summer project titled "Impact of sowing period on the yield of jowar crop and preference for Hybrid Jowar among trade and farmers" towards the partial fulfilment of his course. He has given original data, information and maintained full confidentiality to the best of his knowledge.
A PROJECT REPORT ON Impact of sowing period on the yield of jowar crop and preference for Hybrid Jowar among trade and farmers BY Mr. Suraj Pawar Organization Traineeship Segment PGDM-ABM 2012-14 BATCH Submitted To
Prabhat Agri Biotech ltd April-May 2013
CENTRE FOR MANAGEMENT EDUCATION VAIKUNTH MEHTA NATIOANL INSTITUTE OF CO-OPERATIVE MANAGEMENT, PUNE
2 Suraj Pawar # 1235
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. Suraj Pawar, a bonafide student of Post Graduate Diploma
Programme in Agri-Business Management (2012-2014), VAMNICOM, Pune did his summer
Internship under my guidance. He has successfully completed his summer project titled
Impact of sowing period on the yield of jowar crop and preference for hybrid jowar
among trade and farmers towards the partial fulfilment of his course.
Date:
Place:- Dr. Arun Gadewar (Retired Professor, NIBM) (Faculty Guide)
3 Suraj Pawar # 1235
DECLARATION
This is to certify that I, Suraj Pawar, a student of Post Graduate Diploma Programme in
Agri-Business Management (2012-14), VAMNICOM, Pune, have given original data,
information and maintained full confidentiality to the best of my knowledge in the project
report titled Impact of sowing period on the yield of jowar crop and preference for
Hybrid Jowar among trade and farmers and that, no part of this information has been
used for any other assignment but for the partial fulfilment of the requirements towards the
completion of the said project.
Date:-
Place: - Suraj Pawar 1235
4 Suraj Pawar # 1235
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I am highly overwhelmed while expressing my sense of gratitude towards all those who helped and guided me during the course of this project.
I extend my heartiest thanks to Prabhat Agri Biotech ltd, for giving me such an opportunity for strengthen my domain of knowledge.
I would like to extend my thanks to
Mr. Anil Karanjkar (Program Director),
Dr. D. Ravi (Joint Program Director),
Mr. V. Sudhir (Placement Director),
PGDM, VAMNICOM, Pune for providing necessary guidance, advice and kind support throughout the project.
I am also thankful to my faculty guide Dr. Arun Gadewar (Retired Professor, NIBM) for his guidance, valuable suggestions and cooperation throughout the project.
It gives me an immense pleasure in expressing my sincere and profound sense of gratitude to the Management Team- PRABHAT AGRI BIOTECH LTD.
And my project guide Mr. Shankar Singh Bisht (National Manager Sales & Marketing), for his inspiring and affectionate guidance, unending benevolence, and constant encouragement during the course of summer project.
This study would not have achieved the final shape without their support.
It is pleasure to acknowledge my sincere thanks and deep sense of gratitude to the team Satara Region for helping me during my Project.
I would also like to express my gratitude to all Farmers who had given me their valuable time and cooperation to materialize my survey work.
Indeed words fail to express my profound sense of gratitude and heartfelt indebtedness to my beloved Grandparents.
I am also thankful to all of them who are directly or indirectly involved in driving this project
5 Suraj Pawar # 1235
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Title: Impact of sowing period on the yield of jowar crop and preference for
Hybrid Jowar among trade and farmer
Organization: Prabhat Agri Biotech ltd
Reporting Officers: Mr. Himanshu Upreti (Manager Marketing Services)
Faculty Guide: Mr. Arun Gadewar (Retired Professor, NIBM)
Student Name: Mr. Suraj Pawar
Objectives of Research:
1. To understand the Segments trends in Jowar market.
2. To find out the key preferential factors that farmers are seeking in a quality Jowar Hybrid.
3. To understand the cropping pattern for developing best fit product & services for this region.
Scope:
PRABHAT AGRI BIOTECH LTDs seed business in India focuses on jowar the worlds and Indias largest crop.
Prabhat Agri Biotech ltd is the leader in Jowar segment in Maharashtra. The study will help in determining actual, customer Preferences, cropping pattern, crop economics, & competition among new products PABL may tap market.
By introducing new hybrids, offerings and developing new potential areas. Changing trends of customer demand & preferences needs new products according to best fit in crop economics & changing Pattern to keep leading in SATARA district market.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY Research methodology- The systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled observations may that lead to development of generalization, principles, theories, resulting in predication and possibly ultimate control of events. Objectives of Research The purpose of research is to discover answers to question through the application of scientific procedures. The main aim of research is to find out the truth which is hidden and which has not been discovered as yet.
6 Suraj Pawar # 1235 1. To gain familiarity with a phenomenon or to achieve new insights into it (studies with this object in view are termed as exploratory or formulative research studies) 2. To portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a group. 3. To determine the frequency with which something occurs or with which it is associated with something else. 4. To test a hypothesis of a casual relationship between variable. Research Design Research design is the planned sequence of entire process involving in conducting research study. Research design is master planned specifying the methods and procedures for collecting and analysing the needed information It is defined as a research design in the arrangement of condition for collection and analysis of data a manner that time aims to combine with economy in procedure. Types of research design:- 1. Explorative or formulative design. 2. Descriptive design. 3. Diagnostic design. 4. Historical design. 5. Experimental design. Research Methodology: To study the safety, health & welfare practices at PRABHAT AGRI BIOTECH LTD some research is to be made. Generally research means analyzing, collecting the data regarding the selected topic, editing the collected data and finally making a report in a formatted way regarding the selected topic. Research Used analytical & descriptive research. Methodology Used:
The research design adopted was Descriptive study & the Sampling method adopted was Non Probability Convenience Sampling. The study conducted entails 4 phases to come to the final conclusion.
During the First (1st) phase introduction and understanding of organization i.e. PRABHAT AGRI BIOTECH LTD, as well as project was done by the company guide and questionnaires were prepared.
During the Second (2nd) Phase Primary survey was conducted in SATARA districts of Maharashtra.
7 Suraj Pawar # 1235 During the Third (3rd) Phase actual study was carried out which involves data analysis of primary as well as secondary data to achieve the objectives of the study.
During the Fourth (4th) Phase suggestions and recommendations were formulated and final report was prepared.
Sample Size:
Farmers
200
Trade Partner
100
Company People
10
Area and Administrative Divisions Covered
The whole state of Maharashtra is divided into six revenue divisions ; Pune, Konkan, Nashik, Aurangabad, Amravati, and Nagpur. Satara district is part of the Pune division along with the districts of Pune, Sangli, Kolhapur and Solapur. Satara district covers an area of 10480 sq. km. with an east west expanse of 135 km and a north south expanse of 112 km. The district is divided into eleven administrative sub units (tahsils) - Satara, Wai, Khandala, Koregaon,
Sub-division Tahsils incorporated in them Satara Satara, Koregaon Javali Karad Karad, Patan Mahabaleshwar Wai, Khandala, Mahabaleshwar Phaltan Phaltan, Khatav, Man
Sources of Data:
Primary Source: - Farmers, Dealers/ wholesalers, Company People.
Secondary Source: - www.dacnet.nic.in
Bureau of Statistics and Applied Economics
Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. Of India
Block level Agriculture Department
8 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Analysis Tool: - Excel 2007 & SPSS Period of Study: -
The study was conducted for duration of 70 days from April 10 th 2013 to June 25th 2013, from 10th April to 3rd May I did the Farmers survey. I was supposed to do survey and analyse the data. 5th June to 25th June I did the survey of the Trade partner and Company people.
Limitations of the project: - 1. A few Farmers were reluctant to share information. 2. Some of the marketing agency did not share the information 3. Data for many factors were not available, so few factors have not been factred while developing models. 4. The data from government officials were difficult to obtain, as they did not maintain up to date records.
Findings: 1. The cultivation Sorghum varies from ariea to ariea. 2. In the well irrigated region the Hybrid Sorghum is cultivated. 3. The farmers of Satara district are mostly grow sorghum for the double purpose: 1) Grain production 2) Fodder production. 4. In the dry or low water availability region mostly farmers are going to cultivate the Local or Deshi variety. 5. In the Western Satara region land holdings of the farmers are very low. 6. And in the Eastern Satara region land holdings of farmers are very high. but the scarcity of water is more in the eastern region. 7. All Sorghum cultivators in Satara district did not purchase Seed from the trade shop. 8. The farmers which are cultivating Hybrid jowar purchased seed from the trade shop. 9. The seasson of sorghum sowing are changes according to the ariea or division which is depend on the rainfall. 10. In the western Satara region farmers preferred mostly Kharif seasson for sowing. & they Sow Sorghum for Grain production only. 11. And in the Eastern Satara region Farmers are observed growing sorghum is in rabbi seasson. & these farmers sow for the purpose of Grain and Fodder production have also.
9 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Recommendations:
1. Try to use Different hybrid variety having the good yield potential and the better fodder quality.
2. Farmers those who are using Local or Deshi variety go in for seed treatment to the seed.
3. Try to get information from the Krishi Agency.
4. Trade partner also give required information to the farmers.
5. Cultivate the Sorghum by using Modern scientific cultivation practices.
6. Farmers can try to use high yield and good quality producing sorghum hybrids.
7. To increase the awareness there is a need to concentrate on field work at grass aoots level i.e. should give demonstrations and provide free samples to farmers. 8. There is need to convenience farmers not to keep land empty for other crop as Sorghum will get remunerative price value this year. 9. Organize a competition or Sorghum shows in most potential zones where farmers come up with their best Sorghum 10. For mass communication farmers meeting in villages at evening time, including audio, visual presentation is most effective channel
s
10 Suraj Pawar # 1235 I ndex
Chapter Particulars
Page No. Chapter 1 Introduction
14 Chapter2 Industry profile
19 Chapter 3 Company Profile
25 Chapter 4 Information of Jowar 30 Chapter 5 Data Analysis & Interpretation
Page. No. 1 Production of Sorghum Country wise in 2011
36 2 Graph of the Production of Sorghum Country wise In 2011
37 3 Area, production and productivity of jowar in important states of India 38 4 Countrywise Ranking in Sorghum Production 40 5 Sorghum Yield kg per Hacter In India In Last Four Year
41 6 Sorghum Area Harvested In India In Last Four Year In Hacter 41 7 Tehsilwise Sampal in Satara 42
12 Suraj Pawar # 1235 List of Graphs, Figures and Maps Fig. No. Title Page No. A For Farmers
44 1 Changes in yield after changing sowing period 44 1.1 Opinion 1.2 On Time 1.3 Early 1.4 Late 2 Purpose of Jowar Cultivation 46 2.1 For Grain Production 2.2 For fodder production 3 Fodder Quality Which Seed Has Good 47 3.1 Local Variety 3.2 Hybrid variety 4 Buying Seed from Trade Shop 48 5 Seasson of Sowing 49 6 Land Holding 50 7 Cultivating Hybrid Jowar 51 8 Required Time for Jowar Cultivation 52 9 Land Holding 53 9.1 Irrigated 9.2 Rainfed 10 Timing of Sowing 54 11 Land under Jowar Cultivation 55 12 Cultivated Crops 56 12.1 Jowar 12.2 Cotton 12.3 Bajra 12.4 Sugarcane 12.5 Corn 12.6 Other B For Trade Partner
13 Suraj Pawar # 1235 1.6 Devgen Seed 1.7 Nirmal Seed 1.8 Local Seed 1.9 Other Seed 2 Reason of Association 60 2.1 High Performance 2.2 High Demand 2.3 Good Discount 2.4 Availability 3 Changes in yield after changing sowing period 62 3.1 Opinion 3.2 On Time 3.3 Early 3.4 Late C For Company People
64 1 Criteria for Good Jowar Hybrid 64 1.1 Yield 1.2 Type Of Sowing 1.3 Price 1.4 Food Quality 2 Changes in yield after changing sowing period 66 2.1 Opinion 2.2 On Time 2.3 Early 2.4 Late
14 Suraj Pawar # 1235
15 Suraj Pawar # 1235 OVERVIEW OF PROJECT LOCATION Location
Satara district is located in the south western part of the state of Maharashtra and lies between 17.5 to 18.11North Latitudes and 73.33 to 74.54 East Longitudes. It is bounded on the north by Pune, on the south by Sangli, on the west by Ratnagiri, on the north-west by Raigad, and on the east by Solapur district of Maharashtra state. The district headquarters Satara is well connected to the state Capital Mumbai ( 260 km to the north west), and the major towns of Pune and Kolhapur by the Mumbai Bangalore National Highway No. 4. Satara is also well connected to other districts of Maharashtra by State highways and other roads. There is one railway line -Mumbai to Kolhapur- which passes through Satara district. The total distance in satara district is 124 KM.
Area and Administrative Divisions
The whole state of Maharashtra is divided into six revenue divisions ; Pune, Konkan, Nashik, Aurangabad, Amravati, and Nagpur. Satara district is part of the Pune division along with the districts of Pune, Sangli, Kolhapur and Solapur. Satara district covers an area of 10480 sq. km. with an east west expanse of 135 km and a north south expanse of 112 km. The district is divided into eleven administrative sub units (tahsils) - Satara, Wai, Khandala, Koregaon, Phaltan, Khatav, Man, Karad, Patan, Jawali and Mahabaleshwar.
Sub-division Tahsils incorporated in them Satara Satara, Koregaon Javali Karad Karad, Patan Mahabaleshwar Wai, Khandala, Mahabaleshwar Phaltan Phaltan, Khatav, Man
Salient Physical Features and Land Use Patterns
The district has three natural sub-divisions based on the topographical situations - Hilly area in the west, plains of the Krishna river in the central part, and the plateau area in the east. Mahabaleswar is the highest place in the district and is located at a height of 1466 m above mean sea level.
Soil
Black cotton soil is the predominant soil type found here as is the case with most of the districts on the Deccan Plateau. Lateritic soil covers many parts of the western tahsils of Mahabaleshwar, Javali, Wai and Patan, is typicaly clayey in nature and reddish in colour. Black cotton soil is found in the central part of the district.
16 Suraj Pawar # 1235
Land Use Patterns
Inhabited Area : 234 sq. km.
Agricultural Area : 7203km
Forest Cover : 1589km
Wastelands: 783km
Drought prone areas : 2300km Agriculture is the main land use in the district with more than 75% of the total area being used for agricultural activities. Forest cover is more in the western part of the district - evergreen forests have been identified on the western extremities.
Climate and Rainfall
Climate The climate in general is moderate with temperatures during the summer months (March to mid June) reaching a maximum of 34C, and in the winter months (November to March) dropping to 10C. In the western part, the climate is pleasant during the summer, but is very cold during the monsoon. In the plains, the climate is moderate throughout the year.
Rainfall The monsoon period starts in the month of June with the maximum precipitation in July and August. Total rainfall is 3104 mm although there are large differences in the amount of precipitation over various parts of the district. The Sahyadri hill ranges -chiefly in Mahabaleshwar tahsil -in the western extremity receive more than 6000 mm. Patan and Jawali tahsils also have rainfall in excess of 2000 mm. Moving eastwards the rainfall amount drops to less than 600 mm in the tahsils of Koregaon, Karad,Satara.
Socio-Economic Features
Demographic Features
According to the 2001 census, the demographic features in Satara district are as follows :
Total number of households: 4,65,891
Total Population : 28,08,994
17 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Total male population: 16,08,000
Total female population: 12,00,994
Sex Ratio : 1029
Urban Population: 5,16,424
Rural Population : 22,34,576
Population Density : 233
Literacy rate : 66.67%
Economic, Occupational, Social and Educational Profile of the Population
Economy
Agriculture is the main economic activity in the district with 63.5% of the total land under agriculture. In general agriculture activities are less in the western tahsils due to hilly terrain with Mahabaleshwar tahsil having only 1% land under agriculture, most of the area being forest land. The eastern tahsils of Khatav and Karad each have about 75% land under cultivation. Double crops are cultivated over about 80% of the land under agriculture - along the flows of rivers Krishna, Koyna, Nira, Yerla double crops are taken. Cereals dominate the crops in all tahsils.
Social Profile
Out of the 24.45 lakhs population (1991 census), 87% lives in rural areas. 53.19% of population is below poverty line and there are 33% illiterates in the district. Wai and Javali tahsils have the largest percentage of households among their population below the poverty line. SC\ST account for about 10% of the total population. Karad is the most densely populated tahsil with 470 persons/sq. km., while Man is the most sparsely populated with 127 persons per sq. km. Satara and Karad are the two major urban centres.
18 Suraj Pawar # 1235 AREA COVERED DURING SURVEY States Maharashtra District Satara:-
19 Suraj Pawar # 1235
20 Suraj Pawar # 1235 The Indian Seed Industry
Seed is the most important input component for productive agriculture. In the significant advances that India made in agriculture in the last four decades, the role of the seed sector has been substantial. The expansion of seed industry has occurred in parallel with growth in agricultural productivity. Given the fact that sustained growth to cope with increasing demand would depend more and more on the pace of development and adoption of innovative technologies, the seed would continue to be a vital component for decades to come. The organized seed industry of the country is just forty years old. Yet, its growth has been phenomenal.
India is one of the few countries where the seed sector is already reasonably advanced. The private seed industry is no more confined to just production and marketing of seed. It has as well acquired technological strength to cater to the varietal needs of tomorrow. The Indian seed industry is currently valued around Rs 2500 crores ($ 500 million) and is proposed to be around 3750 crores ($ 750 million) by 2002. There are about 150 organized seed companies in India today. Several companies have Government of India (DSIR) recognized research and development departments and have produced and released a large number of varieties and hybrids in several crops. The contribution of private research in terms of value is steadily increasing. The share of research hybrids in total turnover of crops like pearl millet, sorghum-sudan grass, sunflower, maize, sorghum and cotton was about 70% in 199798 compared to 46% in 199091. Private R&Ds real investment in research has quadrupled between 1986 and 1998. Subsidiaries and joint ventures with multinational companies account for 30% of all private seed industry research. A study made over nine private seed companies indicates that the amount spent on R&D ranged from 0.78% (0.49 crores) to 15.08% (22.62 crores) (Companies Annual Reports 199899). Some of the companies initiated the work on development of transgenic crops. In March 2002 the first transgenic hybrid cotton seed was allowed for commercial cultivation in the farmers field. This article provides a historical perspective to the development of seed industry in India, its current status and future. Besides, some suggestions are also provided for improvement and modification in the regulatory procedures, particularly in case of transgenic crops.
21 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Current status Indian seed market, estimated at US$1.1 billion, is the 6th largest in the world
It has grown @ 12% compared to <5% growth of global seed market
Private sector not investing in self pollinated crops to develop and promote new varieties
Seed replacement ratio continues to be low
Large acres of self pollinated crops rice, wheat, legumes, etc. Low hybrid adoption rates in most crops due to marginal growing conditions and/or subsistence farming
Medium and small sized companies are making investments in research and seed processing infrastructure
More than 40 seed companies have Govt. recognition for their R&D units
Several Indian companies have introduced GM trait in their germplasm
Indian companies are investing in innovative biotechnology research.
Impact of new technology
Bt cotton is the only GM technology approved in India
First three hybrids of Bt cotton were approved in 2002
A total of 4 events have been approved
Bollgard (Cry1Ac) from Monsanto
Event 1 (Cry1Ac) from JK Agrigenetics
Fusion Bt (Cry1Ac+Cry1Ab) from Nath Biogene
Bollgard II (Cry1Ac + Cry2Ab) from Monsanto
More than 150 Bt cotton hybrids are now available for the farmer to choose from
Income of farmers growing Bt cotton has gone up by Rs. 10,000 to Rs. 20,000 per hectare
Pesticide use has decreased significantly reducing health hazards to farm workers
Increased access of Bt cotton farmers to social benefits
More than 80% of the countrys cotton growing area is under Bt cotton
22 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Cotton production has increased from 12.5 million bales in 2002-03 to 31 million bales in 2007-08
India has become the second largest producer and second largest exporter of cotton in the world
Regulatory framework Seed Act, 1966 and Seed Control Order, 1983 (Seeds Bill 2002 is pending Parliamentary Approval) Protection of Plant Varieties and Farmers Rights Act, 2001 Environment Protection Act, 1986 Biological Diversity Act, 2002 Destructive Insects and Pests Act, 1914 Plants, Fruits and Seeds (Regulation of import in India) Order 1989 Cotton Seed Acts in some states Export/Import policies and Regulations
Regulatory Challenges
New Seed Bill: Intends to improve the regulatory framework to encourage the growth of the seed industry + Self certification through registration of seed producers and accreditation of seed testing labs - Registration after 2 years of VCU testing - No provisional registration of transgenic hybrids/varieties - Duplication of agronomic testing of transgenic hybrids/varieties under EPA and New Seed Bill - Performance label and compensation - Price Control - Complete exemption of farmers form the operation of the Seed Bill
PPV & FR Act, 2001: Good beginning to protect the rights of the breeders - Does not conform to UPOV, 1991 - Gives farmers the right to sell unbranded seed of protected variety - Allows innocent infringement by farmers - Compulsory licensing and compensation - Security of the material during field testing for DUS still to be established - Efficacy of enforcement still needs to be established - Specific issues still need to be resolved to address the concerns of the industry
Biodiversity Act, 2002 Restricting exchange of germplasm even of those crops which are covered in the ITPGR
Price Control (through State Acts) Arbitrary price controls based on political motivations Disincentive to invest in research and infrastructure Lead to cost cutting even in critical processes could affect seed quality adversel
23 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Productivity challenges
Small marginal farmers with lack of awareness about new technology Poorly managed or non-functional Govt. extension systems Availability of institutional credit and crop insurance Last mile gap (in remote areas) in the delivery / distribution channels Restricted seed supplies due to negative impact of policy Abiotic stresses Drought Low or erratic rainfall in rainfed situations Light soils with poor water holding capacity Inability to irrigate enough or on time Water logging Poor drainage Excessive rainfall Sub optimal temperatures Saline soils Nutrient deficiencies Biotic stresses Fungal, Bacterial and Viral diseases Sucking and chewing insect pests
Key growth drivers Introduction of new technology
Increased hybrid adoption in all vegetable crops but esp. tomato, okra and chilli
Increased hybrid adoption in rice and corn
Improved agronomy in cotton
Investment to innovate and create value for the farmers
Way forward
Continued focus on customer requirements Product fit Economic benefit Freedom to choose
Conducive regulatory environment Minimal regulation and compliance Freedom to price based on value to customers Harmonization of various laws and Uniform enactment of central laws across all states Encouragement, through financial incentives, for investment in infrastructure
Increased investment in agricultural research Public sector for basic research
24 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Private sector for applied research
Encourage R&D investments in private sector Stronger IPR regulations Equitable sharing of benefits to all stakeholders to ensure recovery of value added through intensive research Financial incentives
Strengthening our education systems to ensure adequate availability of plant breeders
Capacity building especially to deal with the regulatory requirements of the new technology
Create successful public private partnerships Complementary in nature with no overlaps Clearly defined objectives and milestones Equitable resource and benefit sharing Based on mutual respect for each others capabilities Clear agreement on IP issues
Summary Indian seed industry has evolved to become the sixth largest in the world
It is poised to grow at a rate faster than the global rate (huge opportunity to increase SRR)
It has made tremendous contribution to increase productivity through development of superior hybrids
It is investing in research and infrastructure
It has spearheaded the introduction of new technology (Bt cotton)
Indian seed industry needs policy support to make even bigger contributions in the future:
Encouragement for investment in research and infrastructure Minimal regulation and compliance Freedom to operate based on free market principles Streamlining of regulatory processes to accelerate the development and introduction of new GM technology
Robust PPP models are needed to better serve the farmers by removing the various productivity constraints through technological interventions
Prabhat Agri Biotech Limited (PABL) started its operations in 1992 and has since been at the service of the Indian farmer growing from its humble beginning as a seed trading company to become a fully integrated seed company in 1995, encompassing R&D, Production and Sales &Marketing of various Field and Vegetable crops.
PABL is today an acknowledged leader in the Indian seed Industry.
The proprietary hybrids and varieties of PABL sold under the brand name of PRABHAT SEEDS enjoy a wide patronization of the Indian farmer across the country in crops like Cotton, Maize, Paddy, Sunflower, Pearl Millet (Bajra), Sorghum (Jowar) and Vegetables.
PABL has built its reputation on the superior performance of its proprietary products and strict adherence to seed quality standards. Innovation has been a key to the growth and success of PABL.
PABL is a company promoted and managed by technocrats.
The promoters of the company viz. Sri M Prabhakara Rao and Sri D V Ranga Rao have a Masters Degree in Agriculture and Dr. P Sateesh Kumar has a Ph.D in agriculture.
Apart from the directors, the company has a strong team of competent and qualified professionals managing the various activities like R&D, Production and Sales & Marketing.
PABL has a strong Research & Development Unit which is recognized by the Ministry of science & Technology, Department of Scientific & Industrial Research (DSIR, New Delhi).
The germplasm of PABL was acquired from both international and National Research Institutes and Universities like ICRISAT, TNAU, UAS, PAU, ICAR, CICR, CIMMYT, APAU, USDA, AVRDC, Universities of NEBRASKA, MISSISIPPI, IOWA, ILLINOIS, North Dakota State & Plant Breeding Institute of Netherlands.
PABL has successfully launched several proprietary hybrids in the Indian market in Cotton, Bajra, Maize, Jowar, Sunflower and Vegetable Crops.
PABL has a strong presence in the seed export market especially in custom seed production by taking advantage of the climate, year round crop production possibilities and availability of skilled labour in India.
PABL has successfully harnessed modern biotechnological tools for crop improvement.
PABL has successfully introduced several Bt Cotton hybrids in the Indian market.
Prabhat Agri Biotech Limited (PABL) has a strong R & D Unit which is recognized by the Ministry of Science and Technology, Department of Scientific & Industrial Research (DSIR, New Delhi) of India.
The R & D team is lead by the Promoter/Director of Research Dr. P. Sateesh Kumar.
Dr. Kumar has a Ph.D. in plant breeding and wide ranging experience in breeding for improved yield and quality in various crops. He was in USA and Canada for about a decade working a crop improvement before becoming a full time Director in PABL. Adequate middle and junior level staff specializing in various crops supports Dr. Kumar. PABL has its Research Farms in and around Hyderabad, A.P., India.
The Company has a very wide and varied range of germplasm in each of the crops it is working on.
The germplasm was acquired from both International and National Research Institutes and Universities. The following table gives brief and concise information on the range of germplasm and their source:
The extensive germplasm collection coupled with intensive and innovative breeding and evaluation programmes undertaken by the R and D team has resulted in a range of commercially successful hybrids. Marketing
Prabhat is headquartered at Hyderabad (India), we are marketing our seeds across the country through a network of 10 regional offices, more than 200 distributors and above 20,000 retailers. This efficient distribution channel is the key for the Prabhat product positioning and delivery of product on right time at right place. Our marketing professionals are continuously interacting with the farmers and provide perfect pre and postharvest solutions. They are conducting farmer meetings, Kisan melas, field days, audio & visual
28 Suraj Pawar # 1235 presentations, campaigns and sending regular mails to educate formers for getting best results. Continuous customer satisfaction audits are conducting at various stages to reaching the customer expectations.
Source - http://www.prabhatseeds.com/
29 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Cotton GANESH Bt & Bt II
Field Crop
MAIZE
JOWAR (SORGHUM)
HYBRID PADDY
HIMA Bt & Bt II
MARVAL Bt II
CLASSIC Bt II (UNIQUE SEGMENT)
EMARALD Bt II
LEO COT Bt II DIVYA Bt TUSHAR Bt RANA RUDRA RYDER RYDER M RUPA RAKHI VENUS MARS BASAVA BHARAT BLAZE RISE SIRHIND RESEARCH PADDY MEHAK JAGRITI
30 Suraj Pawar # 1235
31 Suraj Pawar # 1235
Importance of Jowar
Sorghum is the worlds fifth most important cereal crop in the world. It is a staple food for more than half a billion people in the world, 60 percent of whom are in Africa. Sorghum is believed to have its origins in Africa in the Ethiopian Highlands and South Sudan. It is highly tolerant to high temperatures, and is arguably one of the most drought-tolerant crops under modern day cultivation. It thrives in arid and semi-arid conditions, naturally growing up to six feet high but has been bred to be shorter for ease of managing the crop and harvesting. The plant also produces substances that put off birds and insects thereby protecting the seed. It is a highly versatile crop with many uses including human food and animal feed, for brewing and bio-fuels. About 55 percent of the worlds sorghum grain is used as food, usually consumed as porridge and breads. The stalks and leaves provide dry season grazing for livestock especially in Asia, while the Americas use the grain as animal feed. Africa is the largest producer of sorghum in the world with an annual production of about 22 million tons, according to 2006 data.. In Burkina Faso, sorghum is the most productive crop accounting for 40-45 percent of the annual cereal production. Sorghum has a high yield potential. The highest recorded yield for the crop in the world is about 20 tons per hectare.
32 Suraj Pawar # 1235 But Africas sorghum output is still very low compared to other regions. In the Central and Western parts of Africa, sorghum productivity increased 54 percent between the early 1970s and 2006, according to the International Crops Research Institute for Semi-Arid Tropics (ICRISAT). In the rest of sub-Saharan Africa, sorghum yield increases were comparatively modest at 15 percent. The grain is usually red or yellow and is eaten with the hull, where most of the nutrients reside. It is a nutritious food high in fiber, iron (more than 70 ppm), zinc (more than 50 ppm), and with fairly high protein levels. Some types of sorghum are also rich in antioxidants. Sorghum is gluten-free therefore a good alternative for people allergic to wheat. However, sorghums nutrients are altered in different ways depending on how it is processed. For example, regular cooking diminishes the availability of sorghums protein such that the human body cannot digest and absorb it. In view of the importance of sorghum for the food and nutritional security of 300 million people across Africa, Africa Harvest is undertaking two sorghum projects in line with its mission. Sorghum farmers, who are generally in the arid and semi-arid zones of the country, typically grow crop the crop for subsistence. To manage brewer-preferred and farmer-preferred sorghum so farmers supple the brewer exactly the type and quality of grain desired for beer making Source. http://africaharvest.org/sorghum.php
33 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Industrial Applications of grains Sorghums are high on the priority list of energy crops -based ethanol has a favourable energy input-output ratio. pharmaceutical, textile, and paper industries. Grain starch can be processed for production of dextrose, maltose, high fructose syrups, etc. lactic acid, erythritol, and sorbitol. developed countries, large quantities of sorghum are produced and processed for these applications. USA produced 260 million t of sorghum in 1998 of which around 20% was used for production of starch, high fructose corn syrup, glucose and dextrose, fuel and beverage alcohol Use of Grains for Alcohol Production form as in case of molasses or in the form of starch as in case of grains. hydrolyzed by a combination of enzymes. Hydrolysed containing free sugar is fermented to produce alcohol. sulphurous odor and bad taste and later may have deleterious effects on health if consumed in large quantities.
approximately 200 organic chemicals and polymers. Molasses contains sucrose, which is easily fermented by yeast to produce alcohol. hydrolyzed using enzymes and heat, to obtain fermentable sugars. makes alcohol produced from molasses cheaper by 2530%. -products generated by the process of fermentation of molasses into alcohol is difficult & lead to pollution of the environment. http://www.icrisat.org/text/research/grep/homepage/sgmm/dis.jpg
34 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Feed and Fodder quality as affected by diseases
Increased milk and meat demand in Asia will require higher quality crop residues and feed. Disease-free feed will improve efficiency and quality of meat production Plant diseases affect quality and quantity of crop residues fed to animals, and reduces the income of farmers. Therefore, adoption of disease management practices will improve quality of crop residues and improve livelihood of farmers and dairy-owners. Maize stripe virus has tremendous influence on the quality of sorghum fodder since virus-infected sorghum stover has 25 to 62% less digestibility than healthy stover. Similarly, yield and nutritive value of foliar disease affected groundnut haulm is seriously reduced. Fodder quality is important for the poor segment of rural population, as it constitutes the main source of feed for their cattle and they depend on fodder sale as a source of income.
35 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Surveys to assess the farmers perception of fodder quality traits Farmers in traditional sorghum growing areas prefer dual purpose (grain and fodder) sorghums Farmers prefer sorghum with thin stalks, more disease-free green leaves and shorter peduncle length. Fodder quality is important for the poor segment of rural population, as it constitutes the main source of feed for their cattle. Industry-perceived advantages and disadvantages of using sorghum in dairy feed Advantages Disadvantages Low Cost Good energy source No problems with processing, if appropriate equipment is used (e.g., Amul) Good availability Traditionally fed to cattle in rural areas
Presence of tannins Discoloration of grains Deterioration of quality during storage (due to mould and insects) Moisture content is sometimes too high Not always available round the year Low palatability and digestibility Customer resistance if sorghum is included in feed ( although manufactures usually do not disclose raw materials used) Industry-perceived advantages and disadvantages of using sorghum in poultry feed Advantages Disadvantages Low Cost Energy alternative to maize Easy availability Good palatability Lower energy content than maize Risk of aflatoxins Risk of tannins Not always available Problems with grinding, mash becomes powdery reducing feed intake by birds Low palatability and digestibility Varying quality; grain often infested with weevils, fungi, etc. http://www.icrisat.org/text/research/grep/homepage/grephomepage/slp.htm
36 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Production of Sorghum Country wise in 2011
Rank Area Production (Int $1000) Production (MT) 1 India 1035880 7003100 2 Nigeria 992610 6897060 3 Ethiopia 602434 3959900 4 United States of America 346703 5447100 5 Argentina 284361 4458440 6 Burkina Faso 226901 1505540 7 China 197913 2054316 8 Cameroon 171952 1150000 9 Mali 157088 1191020 10 United Republic of Tanzania 119698 806575 11 Niger 112738 807268 12 Chad 96008 650000 13 Yemen 90411 602963 14 Mozambique 73542 502875 15 Uganda 58722 437000 16 Egypt 52938 839195
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 A n d h r a
P r a d e s h B i h a r C h h a t t i s g a r h G u j a r a t H a r y a n a J a m m u
&
K a s h m i r J h a r k h a n d K a r n a t a k a K e r a l a M a d h y a
P r a d e s h M a h a r a s h t r a O r i s s a R a j a s t h a n T a m i l
N a d u U t t a r
P r a d e s h W e s t
B e n g a l Area, production and productivity of jowar in India Statewise Productivity (q/ha) Production (000 t) Area (000 ha) Andhra Pradesh 6% Bihar 0% Chhattisgarh 0% Gujarat 2% Haryana 1% Jammu & Kashmir 0% Jharkhand 0% Karnataka 18% Kerala 0% Madhya Pradesh 7% Maharashtra 52% Orissa 0% Rajasthan 6% Tamil Nadu 4% Uttar Pradesh 3% West Bengal 0% Area, production and productivity of jowar in India Statewise
40 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Rank Country Production (1000 MT) 1 Nigeria 6,900.00 2 Mexico 6,800.00 3 United States 6,272.00 4 India 6,000.00 5 Argentina 5,200.00 6 Sudan 3,800.00 7 Ethiopia 3,700.00 8 Brazil 2,800.00 9 China 2,650.00 10 Burkina Faso 1,800.00 11 Australia 1,700.00 12 Niger 1,000.00 13 Mali 900.00 14 Chad 900.00 15 Egypt 900.00 16 Tanzania, United Republic Of 760.00 17 Cameroon 600.00 18 EU-27 560.00 19 Uganda 500.00
0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000 14000 1 2 3 4 Series2 9487 8602 9621 10209 Series1 2011 2010 2009 2008 K g / H a c t e r
Sorghum Yield kg per Hacter In India In Last Four Year 0 1000000 2000000 3000000 4000000 5000000 6000000 7000000 8000000 1 2 3 4 Series2 7764000 7530900 7787200 7381700 Series1 2008 2009 2010 2011 H a c t e r
Sorghum Area Harvested In India In Last Four Year In Hacter
42 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Sampal Tehsilwise I n Satara District
Conclusion- A total of 200 farmers survey was done in Satara district for ascertaining of the fluctuation in yield due to the variation in the sowing time. In this Survey relatively a large number of more farmers were taken from the Patan tahsil. Because the Hybrid Jowar are being cultivated in large area in Patan tahsil.
Patan Satara Fhalta n Karad Man Koare gaon Khand ala Jaoli Khatav Vai Series1 44 40 8 29 28 12 11 11 8 9 A x i s
T i t l e
Sampal In Satara Patan 22% Satara 20% Fhaltan 4% Karad 14% Man 14% Koaregaon 6% Khandala 5% Jaoli 6% Khatav 4% Vai 5% Sampal In Satara
43 Suraj Pawar # 1235
44 Suraj Pawar # 1235 For Farmers Changes in yield after changing sowing period
Conclusion- Above bar diagram shows that the each and every farmers in this particular district have said that if the sowing period will changes then the yield of crop also changes.
Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that The farmers expressed their opinion the time of sowing is that the yield of the Sorghum is observed to be more in the on time sowing. The timing of sowing observed by farmers is in Kharif 15-June & in rabbi 15-Oct. Opinion Yes No A x i s
T i t l e
Opinion Yes No Series1 200 0 Opinion on time More Less No A x i s
T i t l e
on time More Less No Series1 200 0 0 On Time
45 Suraj Pawar # 1235
Conclusion-This pie chart shows that.. The opinions of farmers on the early sowing is 76 % and have expressed that the yield of early sown jowar is less. And the yield of the early sowing is more as reported by 1%. & 23 % said no changes in the yield.
Conclusion-This pie chart shows that.. The Yield of Late sowing of Sorghum is more as reported by 30% farmers & yield is less as expressed by the 47% of the farmers & the yield of late sowen sorghum did not change as said by the 23%farmers.
More 1% Less 76% No 23% Early More 30% Less 47% No 23% Late
46 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Purpose of Jowar Cultivation
Conclusion-This pie chart shows that.. An overwhelming 100% of farmers cultivating Jowar mainly for the Grain production.
Conclusion-This pie chart shows that. Besides Farmers are cultivating jowar for the grain and for the fooder production have also. In the survay 72% of the farmers opined that they are cultivating jowar for fodder production have and grain production. And 28% have said that thay are cultivating jowar for the grain production only. For Grain Production Yes No A x i s
T i t l e
For Grain Production Yes No Series1 200 0 For Grain Production Yes 72% No 28% For Fodder Production
47 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Fodder Quality Which Seed Has Good
Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that Each and every farmers are said that the Local Seed or deshi variety have good Fodder quality as compared to the Hybrid variety. A few farmers however said that the Height of Hybrid variety is less as compared to local variety. Animals do not prefer hybrid Jowar Fodder as test differ.
Local Seed Yes No A x i s
T i t l e
Local Seed Yes No Series1 200 0 Local Seed Hybrid Seed Yes No A x i s
T i t l e
Hybrid Seed Yes No Series1 0 200 Hybrid Seed
48 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Buying Seed from Trade Shop
Yes 148 No 52
Conclusion- This pie chart shows that the sorghum cultivated by 74% farmers are said that they buy seed from the Trade shop.
Whereas 26% farmers obtained that they do not buying seed from the trade shop.
The analyses is that those farmers which have been cultivating hybrid jowar only that farmers are buying seed from the trade shop.
The farmers who do not buy seed from the trade shop invariably cultivate local or Deshi variety.
The farmers from Western Sataras are observed to buy seeds from trade shop where as farmers from Eastern Satara did not prefer seeds from trade shop.
49 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Seasson of Sowing
Rabbi 147 Kharif 53
Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that.. The farmers of Satara district are cultivating sorghum in two seasson that is Kharif & Rabbi. The 73% farmers cultivating sorghum in the Rabbi Seasson & 27% farmers are cultivating in the Kharif. The Western Sataras farmers are cultivating sorghum mostly in the Rabbi seasson are observed from this survey. & the Eastern Sataras farmers are mostly cultivating in the Kharif.
50 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Land Holding
Land Farmer 1 to 5 105 6 to 10 44 11 to 15 24 16 to 20 19 21 to 25 8
Conclusion- The land holding of farmers in Satara district varies from the 1 acre to 25 acre.
The 52% farmers of particular district have 1 to 5 acre land holding.
The 22% farmers of district have 6 to 10 acre land holding.
The 12% farmers in Satara district have 11 to 15 acre land holding.
The 10% farmers in this district have 16 to 20 acre land holding.
The 4% farmers in district have 21 to 25 acre land holding.
From the analysis it was observed that the land holding of farmer varies according to area. Land holding is small in Western Satara while land holding is more in Eastern Satara is relatively larger.
51 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Cultivating Hybrid Jowar
Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that.. The farmers of Satara district are cultivating hybrid jowar. The hybrid jowar is not cultivating In all tahsil of Satara district. Farmers from Western Satara are mostly cultivating Hybrid sorghum as observed from this survey & the farmers from Eastern Satara are not cultivating Hybrid Sorghum. In the surveyed 25% farmers are not cultivating Hybrid Jowar while 75% are cultivating Hybrid Jowar.
\ Yes 150 No 50 Cultivating Hybrid Jowar Yes No 150 50 Cultivating Hybrid Jowar Series1 Yes 75% No 25% Cultivating Hybrid Jowar
52 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Required Time for Jowar Cultivation Up to 4 Month 105 Up to 4.5 Month 17 Up to 5 Month 78
Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that.. The required time for the jowar cultivation or the time required from the sowing upto the harvesting vary from farmers to farmers. The 52% farmers are said that they have required 4 month for the Jowar cultivation. Thane 39% said required 5 month for cultivation & 9% saied they have required 4.5 month for sorghum cultivation. The opinion of farmers varies varied with regard to time for sorghum cultivation.
Required Time For Jowar Cultivation Up to 4 Month Up to 4.5 Month Up to 5 Month 105 17 78 Req Time Series1 Series2 Series3 Up to 4 Month 52% Up to 4.5 Month 9% Up to 5 Month 39% Required Time For Jowar Cultivation
53 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Land Holding-
Irrigated Land Holding
Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that.. The 100% farmers have the irrigated land holding. There is Irrigated and Rainfed land holding farmers also. The 30% farmers in these all survey having Rainfed land holding & 70% farmers having no Rainfed land holding.
Irrigated Land Yes No A x i s
T i t l e
Irrigated Land Yes No Series1 200 0 Irrigated Land Yes 30% No 70% Rainfed Land
Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that. Maximum Farmers in Satara district Cultivating Jowar upto 1 & 1.5 Acre. In District There is very less number of farmers which is cultivating jowar below 0.2 acre & in district there are very less number of farmers cultivating more than 2 acre jowar on thrir land The Farmers are cultivating Jowar for the Grain as well as Fodder production also. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 Upto 0.2 Upto0.5 Upto 1 Upto 1.5 Upto 2 Upto 2.5 Upto 3 Farmers 3 49 78 31 27 5 7 A x i s
T i t l e
Farmers
56 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Cultivated Crops
Conclusion-This pie chart shows that.. The cropping pattern of Satara district is very diversified . Yes No A x i s
T i t l e
Yes No Series1 200 0 Jowar Yes 13% No 87% Cotton Yes No Series1 200 0 A x i s
T i t l e
Corn 81% 19% Bajara Yes No Yes 93% No 7% Sugarcane Yes No Series1 200 0 A x i s
T i t l e
Other
57 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Jowar, Cotton, Sugarcane, Bajra, Corn, Other crops are also cultivating I district. Pulses, fruit crop, Oil seed, Cash crop, vegetable etc. are cultivated in Satara. In these survey each and every surveyed farmers are cultivating Jowar. Thane 81% farmers are cultivating Bajra. 19% are said they are not cultivating Bajra. 93% are Sugarcane growers are there & 7% said they are not growing Sugarcane. 100% Corn grower is in Satara district. Cotton Growers is in Satara district are very less as compared to other crop. For Trade Partner
Associated Companies With Trade Partner
90% 10% NSL Seed NSL Yes No Yes 56% No 44% Prabhat Seed
58 Suraj Pawar # 1235
Yes 33% No 67% Pravardhan Seed Yes 27% No 73% Yaganti Seed Yes 59% No 41% J K Seed Yes 91% No 9% Devgen Seed Yes 73% No 27% Nirmal Seed Yes 97% No 3% Local Seed
59 Suraj Pawar # 1235
Conclusion-This pie chart shows that. The trade partners are selling different companies seed from their outlet. The trade partners are giving preference to the farmers demand. The seed is demanded by farmers that seed will be provided by the trade partner. 90% trade partners are sealing seed of NSL Company & 10% trade partners are not selling seed of NSL seed. In Satara District 56% trade partners are selling seed of Prabhat Seed Company & 44% trade partners are not selling seed of Prabhat seed. 33% trade partners are sealing seed of Pravardhan Company & 67% trade partners are not selling seed of Pravardhan seed. 27% trade partners are selling seed of Yaganti Company & 73% trade partners are not selling seed of Yaganti seed. 59% trade partners are selling seed of J.K.Seed Company & 41% trade partners are not selling seed of J.K.Seed seed. 91% trade partners are selling seed of Devgen Company & 9% trade partners are not selling seed of Devgen seed. 73% trade partners are selling seed of Nirmal Company & 27% trade partners are not selling seed of Nirmal seed. In Satara District 97% trade partners are selling seed of Local company trade partners & 3% trade partners are not selling seed of Local seed. 32% trade partners are selling seed of other company & 68% trade partners are not selling seed of other seed Yes 32% No 68% Other Seed
60 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Reason of Association
Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that The performance of the specific seed is the important to create demand among the trade. The high performance seed is improving the yield of the crop. Hence high performance is the 100% important factor for the association with company.
Conclusion-This pie chart shows that The demand is very impactful facter for the association.. The specific demand of customer also increases the association of yards partner or dealer with the specific company.
0 20 40 60 80 100 High Performance Yes No Series1 100 0 A x i s
T i t l e
High Performance Yes 100% No 0% High Demand
61 Suraj Pawar # 1235
Conclusion- This pie chart shows that the good discount also attract more farmers towards the seed or product. The 54% dealers are said that the customers are giving good response to discount skim hence sell is more. And 46% of the said they are not attracted or associated due to good discount on product
Conclusion- This pie chart shows that 88% trade partner or dealers are associated with company due to the nearest availability of the products. & 12% dealers are said they are not thinking about the availability of product. Yes 54% No 46% Good Discount Yes 88% No 12% Availablity
62 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Changes in yield after changing sowing period
Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that the each and every farmers in these particular district said that if the sowing period will change thane the yield of crop is also changes.
Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that. The farmers are giving their opinion on the on time sowing is that the yield of the Sorghum is more in the on time sowing. The timing of sowing said by farmer is that in Kharif 15-June & in rabbi 15-Oct.
63 Suraj Pawar # 1235
Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that.. The opinion of Trade partners on the early sowing is the 89 said that yield of early sown jowar is less. And the yield of the early sowing is more said by 7. & 4 said no changes in the yield.
Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that The Yield of Late sowing of Sorghum Is more said by 13Trade partners & yield is less said by the 65 Trade partners & the yield of late sowen sorghum is not changes said by the 22 Trade partners.
64 Suraj Pawar # 1235 For Company People Criteria for Good Jowar Hybrid
Conclusion- Above bar diagram shows that 100% company people said that the yield is the very important aspect for the Good Jowar Hybrid. Each and every one looking towards the output of the product first.
Conclusion- Above bar diagram shows that Type of sowing is also important aspect for the deciding good hybrid. 100% company members said the Type of sowing is required to decide good hybrid jowar.
Yield Yes No A x i s
T i t l e
Yield Yes No Series1 10 0 Yield Type Of Sowing Yes No A x i s
T i t l e
Type Of Sowing Yes No Series1 10 0 Type of Sowing
65 Suraj Pawar # 1235
Conclusion- Above bar diagram shows that 80% company people said that price is important criteria to decied the good hybrid jowar. If the price of seed is more thane it is affect on the seal of the seed. 20% said no. price is not thinking infront of quality and yield of crop.
Conclusion- Above bar diagram shows that The food quality is also important critera for the deciding good hybrid jowar. The good quality seed mostly preferred in the Market by farmer & dealers.
66 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Changes in yield after changing sowing period
Conclusion- Above bar diagram shows that The each and every Company peoples in these particular district said that if the sowing period will change thane the yield of crop is also changes.
Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that.. The Company peoples are giving their opinion on the on time sowing is that the yield of the Sorghum is more in the on time sowing.The timing of sowing is said by farmer is that in Kharif 15-June & in rabbi 15-Oct.
67 Suraj Pawar # 1235
Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that.. The opinion of Company peoples the early sowing is the 5 said that yield of early sown jowar is less. And the yield of the early sowing is more said by 5. & no one said no changes in the yield.
Conclusion-Above bar diagram shows that. The Yield of Late sowing of Sorghum Is more said by 4 Company peoples & yield is less said by the 6 Company peoples & the yield of late sown sorghum did not changes said by the no one Company people.
68 Suraj Pawar # 1235
69 Suraj Pawar # 1235 FINDINGS
After analyzing all the primary and secondary data collected during the research and also based on the observation made by while contacting the farmer, dealers and retailers following are the findings
The cultivation Sorghum changes area by area.
In the well irrigated region the Hybrid Sorghum are cultivated.
The farmers of Satara district are mostly grow sorghum for the double purpose like as for Grain production and for Fodder production.
Farmers grow Sorghum mainly for consumption and fodder purpose so variety which have good taste has good opportunity
In the dry or low water availability region mostly farmers are going to cultivate the Local or Deshi variety.
In the Western Satara region land holdings of the farmers are very low.
And in the Eastern Satara region land holdings of farmers are very high but the scarcity of water is more in the eastern region.
Small farmers grow Jowar where there is less irrigation facility. They generally grow Jowar on one or two acre.
All Sorghum cultivators in Satara district are not purchasing Seed from the trade shop.
The farmers which is cultivating Hybrid jowar that farmer only purchasing seed from the trade shop.
The seasson of sorghum sowing are changes according to the area or division which is dependent on the rainfall.
In the western Satara region farmers are prefaierd mostly Kharif seasson for sowing. & they are Sowing Sorghum for Grain production has only.
And in the Eastern Satara region Farmers are sowing sorghum is in rabbi seasson. & these farmers are sowing for the Grain and Fodder production have also.
70 Suraj Pawar # 1235 The scarcity of water in the Eastern Satara region is more as compared to the Western region
The purpose of Sorghum cultivation is varied according to region.
In the Western region Sorghum is cultivated for the Grain production only & in Eastern region Jowar is cultivated for the Grain & fodder production.
The impact of Sowing period on the yield of jowar is very fluctuating.
Each and every farmer is said that on time sowen crop are giving more yield.
Thane Few farmers are Saied Early or late sowen crop are giving more yield & few were saied that no changes on yield after changing sowing time. Trade partner and company people are also give same opinion which is given by the Farmers about the Impact of sowing period on Yield.
The trade partners of Satara district are selling different variety of different company.
The yield & price is the main criteria for the selecting the hybrid variety.
Farmers of Satara district are saying that the height of the Hybrid Jowar is very low as campaire to the Local or Deshi variety. Hence the local variety fodder quality is good as compare to Hybrid variety.
About 10% retailers dont know about the advance booking system or cash discount given by the company. Those who know the advance booking system most of them do not prefer it because of uneven rainfall, rate fluctuation etc.
Most of the retailers are satisfied with the present distribution channel
Most of the farmers even dont know the company PRABHAT; they know the varieties like Basava, Bharat etc. This may face problem if company wants to launch new variety with different name.
Suggestion
Try to use Different hybrid variety which having the good yield potential and better the fodder quality .
71 Suraj Pawar # 1235 To increase the awareness there is need to concentrate on field work at ground level i.e. should give demonstration and provide free samples to farmers.
If farmers are using Local or Deshi variety thane try to done seed treatment to the seed.
As Sugarcane is most preferred product in Satara region if there is delay in rain farmers keep their land empty for Sugarcane. But commission for agriculture cost and prices has recommended to increase the minimum support price for crops by 25-40%. If central government agrees to give Minimum Support price to Sorghum thane farmers can without any risk thay can cultivate Sorghum.
There is need to convenience farmers not to keep land empty for other crop as Sorghum will get good price value this year.
Try to get information from the Krishi Agency.
Trade partner also give required information to the farmers. Cultivate the Sorghum by using Modern Technology.
Organizing a competition or Sorghum show in most potential zones where farmers come up with their best Sorghum
Farmers can try to use more yielded and good quality producing sorghum hybrid.
Farmers are required to use pesticide, insecticide for the protection of Jowar from the disease & pest.
For mass communication farmers meeting in villages at evening time, including audio, visual presentation is most effective channel
Try to change the cropping pattern of Jowar cultivation.
Use of different IT tools is the most effective way to reach to the farmers and to make aware about the product. For example sending sms will not be the useful tool Company should make bulk calling during the main season by using technology like recorded voice call.
72 Suraj Pawar # 1235
73 Suraj Pawar # 1235
BI BI LI OGRAPHY Company literature
WEBSITES:
http://www.icrisat.org/crop-sorghum.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/ http://www.icrisat.org/vasat./le/arning_resources/crops/pm/pm_prod_practices/h tml/m9_2/resources/2149.html http://agropedia.iitk.ac.i.n/?q=content/pearl-millet-cultivars http://www.icrisat.org/vasat/learning_resources/crops/pm/pm_prod_practices/ht ml/m3/in./ Bureau of Statistics and Applied Economics Directorate of Agriculture ,Maharashtra www.wikipedia.org www.ikisan.com http://apy.dacnet.nic.in/crop_fryr_toyr.aspx www.prabhatseed.com www.google.co.in www.mapsofindia.com
GOVERNMENT AGENCIES:
Department of Agriculture, Maharashtra
Department of Statistics, Maharashtra
Ministry of Agriculture, Govt. Of India
74 Suraj Pawar # 1235
75 Suraj Pawar # 1235
ANNEXURE-1 Project Title-
Impact of sowing period on the yield of JOWAR crop & preference for HYBRID JOWAR among trade and farmers.
Which crops you are growing? Jowar Cotton Corn Bajra Sugarcane Other
If saying Jowar then only go ahead-
How many acres of land you are cultivating under JOWAR crop? ________Acre Season of sowing? Rabbi Kharif
Timing or Month of Sowing. ___________________________________
Required time for the JOWAR production. _______Month
76 Suraj Pawar # 1235 Purpose of sowing. For Grain production. For Fodder production.
You are cultivating hybrid JOWAR crop? Yes No Which Hybrids of JOWAR are known to you? 1.___________________ 2.___________________ 3.___________________
The period or time of sowing is changes? Yes No The yield also changing after changing period? Yes No
Fluctuation in yield after changing sowing period. On time sowing Early sowing More- More- Less Less No- No- Late sowing More- Less No-
According to you, which is the most concerned aspect for selection of Hybrid JOWAR Seeds?- Rate them on 5 point basis. 1. Price of seed 2. Higher density planting 3. Yield 4. Short duration to mature 5. Disease resistance
You are buying seeds? Yes No
Fodder quality which has good- Local variety- Hybrid variety-
Any suggestion you want to give regarding JOWAR crop cultivation? _____________________________________________________________________
77 Suraj Pawar # 1235 ANNEXURE-2 For Trade-
Name of Trade partner-___________________________________ Location-___________________________________
Which companies are with you-? 1. NSL 2. Prabhat 3. Yaaganti 4. Pravardhan 5. J K SEEDS 6. Devegen 7. Nirmal 8. Local 9. Others
Reason of association- High performance of Product High demand of Product by Farmers Good discount or attractive trade schemes Availability of products-
Which time of sowing do you recommend to farmer- ___________________________________
Is there any fluctuation in yield as sowing time differ- Q. Fluctuation on yield On time sowing 1. More- 2. Less 3. No- Early sowing 1. More- 2. Less 3. No- Late sowing 1. More- 2. Less 3. No-
What will be future size in 2013-14 ___________________________________ What is the scope in 2013-14 for Prabhat- ___________________________________