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Features of .

Net
-Language Independence:
The .NET Framework introduces CTS
& CLS. The CTS specification
defines a possi!e data t"pes and
programming constructs supported !"
the CL# and how the" ma" or ma"
not interact with each other. $ecause
of this feature% the .NET Framework
supports e&change of instances of
t"pes !etween programs written in
an" of the .NET anguages.
$ase Cass Li!rar":
The $ase Cass Li!rar"% part of the
Framework Cass Li!rar" 'FCL(% is a
i!rar" of functionait" a)aia!e to a
anguages using the .NET Framework.
$CL pro)ides casses which
encapsuate a num!er of common
functions.
*orta!iit":
-The design of .NET Framework
aows it to theoretica" !e patform
independent% and cross-patform
compati!e. That is% a program written
to use the framework shoud run
without change on an" t"pe of s"stem
for which the framework is
impemented.
-+icrosoft,s impementations of the
framework co)er on" -indows. In
addition% +icrosoft su!mits the
specifications for CLI which incudes
core cass i!raries% CTS and CIL to
!oth EC+. and IS/% making them
a)aia!e as open standards. This
makes it possi!e for third parties to
create compati!e impementations of
the framework on other patforms.
Simpified 0epo"ment:
Instaation of computer software
must !e carefu" managed & ensure
that it does not interfere with
pre)ious" instaed software1s.
The .NET framework incudes design
features and toos ike *ackaging and
0epo"ment that hep address these
re2uirements.
3ust In Time Compier:
*rogramming anguages on the .NET
Framework compie into an
intermediate anguage known as
'CIL(. In +icrosoft,s impementation
this IL is not interpreted !ut rather
compied in a manner known as 4ust-
in-time compiation '3IT( into nati)e
code.
In this process it adopts few
optimi5ation techni2ues ike:
6. Con)ersion gradua" during
the programs e&ecution.
7. Con)ersion of the code on"
re2uired for e&ecution.
8. Storing con)erted code in
)oatie memor" for re-
consumption.
+emor" +anagement:
It is the act of managing computer
memor". In its simper forms% this
in)o)es pro)iding wa"s to aocate
portions of memor" to programs at
their re2uest% and freeing it for reuse
when no onger needed. The
management of main memor" is
critica to the computer s"stem. In this
process it uses the 9ar!age Coection
which is automated aocation% and
de-aocation of computer memor"
resources for a program. It is
genera" impemented at the
programming anguage e)e and is in
opposition to manua memor"
management% i.e. e&picit aocation
and de-aocation of computer
memor" resources.
In computer science% GC is a form of
automatic memor" management. The
garbage collector% or 4ust collector%
attempts to recaim garbage% or
memor" used !" o!4ects that wi
ne)er !e accessed again !" the
appication.
9C was in)ented !" 3ohn +cCarth"
around 6:;: to so)e the pro!ems of
manua memor" management.
C/+ Interopera!iit":
$ecause interaction !etween new and
oder appications is common"
re2uired% the .NET Framework
pro)ides means to access
functionait" that is impemented in
programs that e&ecute outside the
.NET en)ironment. In this process
access to C/+ components is
pro)ided under the
S"stem.#untime.InteropSer)ices and
S"stem.EnterpriseSer)ices of the
framework.

Concerns and Criticisms reated to
.NET:
.ppications running in a managed
en)ironment such as the +icrosoft
framework,s CL# or 3a)a,s 3<+
tend to re2uire more s"stem
resources than simiar appications
that access machine resources
more direct". Some appications%
howe)er% ha)e !een shown to
perform !etter in .NET than in
their nati)e )ersion. This coud !e
due to the runtime optimi5ations
made possi!e in 4ust-in-time
compiation of managed code &
other aspects of the CL# ike
9ar!age Coection.
.s 3IT anguages can !e more
easi" re)erse-engineered than
nati)e code to source code used !"
an appication% so there is concern
o)er possi!e oss of trade secrets.
+an" o!fuscation techni2ues
aread" de)eoped% howe)er% can
hep to pre)ent this= indeed
+icrosoft,s <isua Studio 7>>; '.Net
7.>( incudes such a too.
In a managed en)ironment such as
the +icrosoft framework,s CL# or
3a)a,s 3<+ the reguar" occurring
gar!age coection for recaiming
memor" suspends e&ecution of the
appication for an unpredicta!e
apse of time t"pica" not more than
few miiseconds.
Since the framework is not pre-
instaed on oder )ersions of
-indows an appication that
re2uires it must )erif" that it is
present% and if it is not% guide the
user to insta it.
Newer )ersions of the framework
'8.> and up( are not pre-instaed on
an" )ersions of the -indows /S% as
some de)eopers ha)e e&pressed
concerns a!out the arge si5e.

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