7/21/2014 CSS3 Animations

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CSS3 Animations
CSS3 Animations
With CSS3, we can create animations which can replace Flash animations, animated images, and JavaScripts in existing
web pages.
Browser Support
The numbers in the table specifies the first browser version that fully supports the property.
Numbers followed by -webkit-, -moz-, or -o- specifies the first version that worked with a prefix.
Property
@keyframes 10.0 4.0 -webkit- 16.0
5.0 -moz-
4.0 -webkit- 15.0 -webkit-
12.1
12.0 -o-
animation 10.0 4.0 -webkit- 16.0
5.0 -moz-
4.0 -webkit- 15.0 -webkit-
12.1
12.0 -o-
CSS3 @keyframes Rule
The @keyframes rule is where the animation is created.
Specify a CSS style inside the @keyframes rule and the animation will gradually change from the current style to the new
style.
CSS3 Animation
When an animation is created in the @keyframe rule, you must bind it to a selector, otherwise the animation will have no
effect.
Bind the animation to a selector (element) by specifying at least these two properties:
the name of the animation
the duration of the animation
Example
Bind the "myfirst" animation to the div element. Animation duration: 5 seconds:
div {
-webkit-animation: myfirst 5s; /* Chrome, Safari, Opera */
animation: myfirst 5s;
}
/* Chrome, Safari, Opera */
@-webkit-keyframes myfirst {
from {background: red;}
to {background: yellow;}
}
/* Standard syntax */
@keyframes myfirst {
from {background: red;}
to {background: yellow;}
}
Try it yourself
Note: If the duration part is not specified, the animation will have no effect, because the default value is 0.
What Are CSS3 Animations?
An animation lets an element gradually change from one style to another.
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7/21/2014 CSS3 Animations
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You can change as many properties you want, as many times you want.
You can specify when the change will happen in percent, or you can use the keywords "from" and "to" (which represents
0% and 100%).
0% represents the start of the animation, 100% is when the animation is complete.
Example
Change the background color when the animation is 25%, and 50%, and again when the animation is 100% complete:
/* Chrome, Safari, Opera */
@-webkit-keyframes myfirst {
0% {background: red;}
25% {background: yellow;}
50% {background: blue;}
100% {background: green;}
}
/* Standard syntax */
@keyframes myfirst {
0% {background: red;}
25% {background: yellow;}
50% {background: blue;}
100% {background: green;}
}
Try it yourself
Example
Change the background color and the position when the animation is 25%, 50%, 75%, and again when the animation is
100% complete:
/* Chrome, Safari, Opera */
@-webkit-keyframes myfirst {
0% {background: red; left:0px; top:0px;}
25% {background: yellow; left:200px; top:0px;}
50% {background: blue; left:200px; top:200px;}
75% {background: green; left:0px; top:200px;}
100% {background: red; left:0px; top:0px;}
}
/* Standard syntax */
@keyframes myfirst {
0% {background: red; left:0px; top:0px;}
25% {background: yellow; left:200px; top:0px;}
50% {background: blue; left:200px; top:200px;}
75% {background: green; left:0px; top:200px;}
100% {background: red; left:0px; top:0px;}
}
Try it yourself
More Animation Examples
The example below uses seven of the animation properties:
Example
div {
/* Chrome, Safari, Opera */
-webkit-animation-name: myfirst;
-webkit-animation-duration: 5s;
-webkit-animation-timing-function: linear;
-webkit-animation-delay: 2s;
-webkit-animation-iteration-count: infinite;
-webkit-animation-direction: alternate;
-webkit-animation-play-state: running;
/* Standard syntax */
animation-name: myfirst;
animation-duration: 5s;
animation-timing-function: linear;
animation-delay: 2s;
animation-iteration-count: infinite;
animation-direction: alternate;
animation-play-state: running;
}
Try it yourself
7/21/2014 CSS3 Animations
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Previous Next Chapter
The same animation effect as the example above (except the animation-play-state property). However, here we are using
the shorthand animation property:
Example
div {
-webkit-animation: myfirst 5s linear 2s infinite alternate; /* Chrome, Safari, Opera */
animation: myfirst 5s linear 2s infinite alternate; /* Standard syntax */
}
Try it yourself
CSS3 Animation Properties
The following table lists the @keyframes rule and all the animation properties:
Property Description CSS
@keyframes Specifies the animation 3
animation A shorthand property for setting all the animation properties, except the
animation-play-state and the animation-fill-mode property
3
animation-delay Specifies when the animation will start 3
animation-direction Specifies whether or not the animation should play in reverse on alternate
cycles
3
animation-duration Specifies how many seconds or milliseconds an animation takes to complete one
cycle
3
animation-fill-mode Specifies what styles will apply for the element when the animation is not
playing (when it is finished, or when it has a "delay")
3
animation-iteration-count Specifies the number of times an animation should be played 3
animation-name Specifies the name of the @keyframes animation 3
animation-play-state Specifies whether the animation is running or paused 3
animation-timing-function Specifies the speed curve of the animation 3
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