ADVANCED NURSING PRACTICE

UNIT-V BIO-PSYCHO SOCIAL PATHOLOGY

Pathophysiology an Psy!hoyna"i!s o# is$as$ !a%sation
Pathophysiology &$'s%s Pathology
The terms pathology andpathophysiology are most of the
time misused and interchanged. Both terms refer to the
study of disease, but pathology and pathophysiology are
different. PATHOLOGY is applied to the or! of
pathologist and physicians hose focus is on the
PHY"#$AL $HA%G&" present in diseased organs and
tissues. These physical changes are studied by obtaining
specimens. "uch specimens are obtained post'mortem
or folloing after death.
PATHOPHY"#OLOGY, on the other hand, focuses on the
AB%O()AL *+%$T#O%#%G of diseased organs ith
application to medical procedures and patient care. #t
studies the changes of normal mechanical, physical and
biochemical functions hich are either caused by
a diseaseor from an abnormal syndrome.
The study of pathology and pathophysiology often
o,erlap in diseases and processes. Hoe,er, pathology
emphasi-es direct obser,ations
hile pathophysiologyemphasi-es .uantifiable
measurements. Pathophysiologyloo!s at the specific
malfunctioning that comes from or causes of
the disease. #n pathology, abnormalities may be grossly
,isible from the obtained specimens. )eaning to say, the
abnormalities can be seen ith the na!ed eye or may be
obser,ed microscopically.
Dis$as$ an Etiology
/hen can e tell that a person has a disease0 )ost
people consider themsel,es healthy hen their physical
and mental capacities can be fully utili-ed. /hen
impairment is present then e can hear them say that
a disease is present. /hat is the e1act definition
of disease0
Any disruption in the homeostatic balance re.uired for an
optimal cellular function that is e1pressed at the somatic
2hole body3 le,el is recogni-ed as disease. Broadly, it
refers to any abnormally condition that impairs normal
function. #t is associated ith specific signs and
symptomsthat a person clinical manifests.
The ord etiology refers to the cause of a
certain disease. #t is the study of disease causation or
origination. *re.uently, common usages e.uate the
terms etiology and causes. /hen the etiology of
a disease is un!non, it is said to be idiopathic. #n
general, there are three categories of etiology. 4iseases
could be described as genetic 2the indi,idual5s genes are
responsible for the defect3, congenital 2factors in the
embryo5s intrauterine en,ironment interfere ith normal
de,elopment3 or ac.uired 2other factors encountered
later in life produce the disease3.
Li#$ p'o!$ss$s( ho"$ostati! "$!hanis"( )iologi!al an psy!ho-so!ial
yna"i!s in !a%sation o# is$as$( li#$ styl$
Co""on p'o)l$"s* O+yg$n ins%,!i$n!y( -%i an $l$!t'olyt$
i")alan!$( n%t'itional p'o)l$"s( h$"o''hag$. an sho!/( alt$'$
)oy t$"p$'at%'$( %n!ons!io%sn$ss( sl$$p patt$'n an its
ist%')an!$s( pain( s$nso'y $p'i&ation0
T'$at"$nt asp$!ts* pha'"a!ologi!al an p'$- post op$'ati&$ !a'$
asp$!ts(
Ca'io p%l"ona'y '$s%s!itation0
En o# li#$ Ca'$
In#$!tion p'$&$ntion 1in!l%ing HIV2 an stana' sa#$ty "$as%'$s(
)io-"$i!al 3ast$ "anag$"$nt0
Rol$ o# n%'s$- E&i$n!$ )as$ n%'sing p'a!ti!$4 B$st p'a!ti!$s
Inno&ations in n%'sing
NURSING RESEARCH
UNIT-I5 ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION O6 DATA
Plan #o' ata analysis* 7%antitati&$ an 7%alitati&$
P'$pa'ing ata #o' !o"p%t$' analysis an p'$s$ntation0
Statisti!al analysis
Int$'p'$tation o# ata
Con!l%sion an g$n$'ali8ations
S%""a'y an is!%ssion
NURSING 9ANAGE9ENT
UNIT 5 1:;2 NURSING IN6OR9ATICS
TRENDS
GENERAL PURPOSE
USE O6 CO9PUTERS IN HOSPITAL AND CO99UNITY
NURSING RECORDS AND REPORTS
9ANAGE9ENT IN6OR9ATION AND EVALUATION SYSTE9 19IES2
E- NURSING( TELE9EDICINE( TELENURSING
ELECTRONIC 9EDICAL RECORDS