STUD & BOLT SPEC 3

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ASTM SPEC
ASTM A193 - Alloy steel and stainless steel bolting materials for high temperature or high pressure service.
ASTM A307 - Carbon steel bolts and studs, 60,000 psi tensile strength.
ASTM A320 - Alloy steel and stainless steel bolting materials for low temperature service.
ASTM A325 - Structural bolts, steel, heat treated, 120/105 ksi minimum tensile strength.
ASTM A354 - Quenched and tempered alloy bolts, studs, and other externally threaded fasteners.
ASTM A449 - Quenched and tempered steel bolts and studs for general use.
ASTM A490 - Structural bolts, alloy steel, heat treated, 150 ksi minimum tensile strength.
ASTM F593 - Stainless steel bolts, hex cap screws, and studs.
ASTM F1554 - Anchor bolts designed to anchor structural supports to concrete foundations.
Casting / Forging Specifications
ASTM A47 - Ferritic malleable castings intended for general use.
ASTM A48 - Gray iron castings intended for general use.
ASTM A536 - Castings made of ductile iron, also called spheroidal or nodular iron.
ASTM A668 - Untreated and heat-treated carbon and alloy steel forging for general industrial use.
Nut Specifications
ASTM A194 - Carbon and alloy steel nuts for bolts for high pressure and high temperature service.
ASTM A563 - Standard specification for carbon and alloy steel nuts.
ASTM F594 - Stainless steel nuts.
Plating Specifications
ASTM A153 - Zinc coating (hot dip) on iron and steel hardware.
ASTM B695 - Mechanically deposited zinc coatings on iron and steel.
ASTM F1941 - Electrodeposited coatings on threaded fasteners (Zinc plating).
ASTM F2329 - Zinc coating, hot dip, for bolts, screws, washers, nuts, and special threaded fasteners.
Rebar Specifications
ASTM A615 - Deformed and plain carbon steel bars for concrete reinforcement.
ASTM A706 - Deformed and plain low alloy steel bars for concrete reinforcement with enhanced weldability.
Steel Specifications
ASTM A36 - Carbon steel shapes, plates, and bars in general structural purposes.
ASTM A572 - High strength, low-alloy structural steel shapes, plates, and bars.
ASTM A588 - High strength, low-alloy structural steel improved atmospheric corrosion resistance.
Washer Specifications
ASTM F844 - Unhardened, general purpose, flat washers.
ASTM F436 - Hardened steel washers.
ASTM F959 - compressible washer type direct tension indicators (DTIs) in diameters 1/2 to 1-1/2 inches
ASTM F2437 - compressible washer type direct tension indicators (DTIs) in diameters 1/4 to 2-1/2 inches
SAE Specifications
SAE International (Society of Automotive Engineers) is a standards development organization with fastener specifications that apply
to the aerospace, automotive, and commercial vehicle industries. SAE bolts are also used in machinery, equipment, and OEM
applications.
Bolt Specifications
SAE J429 - Mechanical and material requirements for externally threaded fasteners.
Nut Specifications
SAE J995 - Mechanical and material requirements for steel nuts.
CSA Specifications
Canadian Standards Association
Steel Specifications
CSA G40.21 - Structural quality steel shapes, plates, and bars






ASTM A193
Scope
Originally approved in 1936, this specification is heavily utilized in petroleum and chemical construction applications. The ASTM
standard covers alloy steel and stainless steel bolting materials for high temperature or high pressure service. This specification
includes fasteners intended for use in pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings. Although, this material is often available
in national coarse (UNC) thread pitches, if being used in traditional applications, threads are specified 8 threads per inch (tpi) for
diameters above one inch.
Below is a basic summary of a few of the common grades. ASTM A193 covers a number of other standard specifications not
covered in this description including B5, B6, and B16.
Grades
B7 Alloy steel, AISI 4140/4142 quenched and tempered
B8 Class 1 Stainless steel, AISI 304, carbide solution treated.
B8M Class 1 Stainless steel, AISI 316, carbide solution treated.
B8 Class 2 Stainless steel, AISI 304, carbide solution treated, strain hardened
B8M Class 2 Stainless steel, AISI 316, carbide solution treated, strain hardened
Mechanical Properties
Grade Size Tensile ksi, min Yield, ksi, min Elong, %, min RA % min
B7
Up to 2-1/2 125 105 16 50
2-5/8 - 4 115 95 16 50
4-1/8 - 7 100 75 18 50
B8 Class 1 All 75 30 30 50
B8M Class 1 All 75 30 30 50
B8 Class 2
Up to 3/4 125 100 12 35
7/8 - 1 115 80 15 35
1-1/8 - 1-1/4 105 65 20 35
1-3/8 - 1-1/2 100 50 28 45
B8M Class 2
Up to 3/4 110 95 15 45
7/8 - 1 100 80 20 45
1-1/8 - 1-1/4 95 65 25 45
1-3/8 - 1-1/2 90 50 30 45
Chemical Properties
Element B7 (AISI 4140) B8 (AISI 304) B8M (AISI 316)
Carbon 0.37 - 0.49% 0.08% max 0.08% max
Manganese 0.65 - 1.10% 2.00% max 2.00% max
Phosphorus, max 0.035% 0.045% 0.045%
Sulfur, max 0.040% 0.030% 0.030%
Silicon 0.15 - 0.35% 1.00% max 1.00% max
Chromium 0.75 - 1.20% 18.0 - 20.0% 16.0 - 18.0%
Nickel 8.0 - 11.0% 10.0 - 14.0%
Molybdenum 0.15 - 0.25% 2.00 - 3.00%
Recommended Nuts and Washers
Bolt Grade Nuts Washers
B7 A194 Grade 2H F436
B8 Class 1 A194 Grade 8 SS304
B8M Class 1 A194 Grade 8M SS316
B8 Class 2 A194 Grade 8 SS304
B8M Class 2 A194 Grade 8M SS316

= = = = == = == = = ASTM A307
Quick Links
Hex Bolts
Bent Anchor Bolts
A307 All Thread Rod
ASTM A563 Hex Nuts
Scope
The ASTM A307 specification covers carbon steel bolts and studs ranging from 1/4" through 4" diameter. This is your everyday, run
of the mill bolt specification often manufactured using A36 round bar. There are three grades A, B, and C* which denote tensile
strength, configuration, and application. Refer to the Mechanical Properties Chart for the subtle strength differences within each
grade.
Grades
A Headed bolts, threaded rods and bent bolts intended for general applications.
B Heavy hex bolts and studs intended for flanged joints in piping systems with cast iron flanges.
C* Nonheaded anchor bolts, either bent or straight, intended for structural anchorage purposes. The end of a grade C anchor bolt intended to
project from the concrete will be painted green for identification purposes. Permanent marking is a supplemental requirement. *As of
August 2007, grade C has been replaced by specification F1554 grade 36. We will continue to supply grade C, if required by the project.
Mechanical Properties
Grade Tensile, ksi Yield, min, ksi Elong %, min
A 60 min -- 18
B 60 - 100 -- 18
C* 58 - 80 36 23
Chemical Properties
Element Grade A Grade B
Carbon, max 0.29% 0.29%
Manganese, max 1.20% 1.20%
Phosphorus, max 0.04% 0.04%
Sulfur, max 0.15% 0.05%
Recommended Nuts and Washers
Nuts
Washers A307 Grades A & C* A307 Grade B
1/4 - 1-1/2 1-5/8 - 4 1/4 - 4
A563A Hex A563A Heavy Hex A563A Heavy Hex F844


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ASTM A320
Quick Links
Heavy Hex Bolts
ASTM A193
Strength by Grade
Scope
Originally approved in 1948, the ASTM A320 specification covers alloy steel and stainless steel bolting materials for low
temperature service. This standard covers rolled, forged, or strain hardened bars, bolts, screws, studs, and stud bolts used for
pressure vessels, valves, flanges, and fittings. Like the ASTM A193 specification, unless otherwise specified, the 8UN thread series
is specified on fastener larger than 1 in diameter.
Below is a basic summary of a few of the common grades within the ASTM A320 specification. A number of other less common
grades of ASTM A320 exist, but not covered in the description below.
Grades
L7 Alloy steel AISI 4140/4142 Quenched and tempered
L43 Alloy steel AISI 4340 Quenched and tempered
B8 Class 1 Stainless steel AISI 304, carbide solution treated
B8M Class 1 Stainless steel AISI 316, carbide solution treated
B8 Class 2 Stainless steel AISI 304, carbide solution treated, strain hardened
B8M Class 2 Stainless steel AISI 316, carbide solution treated, strain hardened
Mechanical Properties
Grade Size
Tensile,
ksi, min
Yield,
ksi, min
Charpy Impact
20-ft-lbf
@ temp
Elong,
%, min
RA, %, min
L7 Up to 2
1
/
2
125 105 -150 F 16 50
L43 Up to 4 125 105 -150 F 16 50
B8
Class 1
All 75 30 N/A 30 50
B8M
Class 1
All 75 30 N/A 30 50
B8
Class 2
Up to
3
/
4
125 100 N/A 12 35
7
/
8
- 1 115 80 N/A 15 35
1
1
/
8
- 1
1
/
4
105 65 N/A 20 35
1
3
/
8
- 1
1
/
2
100 50 N/A 28 45
B8M
Class 2
Up to
3
/
4
110 95 N/A 15 45
7
/
8
- 1 100 80 N/A 20 45
1
1
/
8
- 1
1
/
4
95 65 N/A 25 45
1
3
/
8
- 1
1
/
2
90 50 N/A 30 45
Chemical Properties
Element L7 (AISI 4140) L43 (AISI 4340) B8 (AISI 304) B8M (AISI 316)
Carbon 0.37 - 0.49% 0.38 - 0.43% 0.08% max 0.08% max
Manganese 0.65 - 1.10% 0.75 - 1.00% 2.00% max 2.00% max
Phosphorus, max 0.035% 0.035% 0.045% 0.045%
Sulfur, max 0.040% 0.040% 0.030% 0.030%
Silicon 0.15 - 0.35% 0.15 - 0.35% 1.00% max 1.00% max
Chromium 0.75 - 1.20% 0.70 - 0.90% 18.0 - 20.0% 16.0 - 18.0%
Nickel 1.65 - 2.00% 8.0 - 11.0% 10.0 - 14.0%
Molybdenum 0.15 - 0.25% 0.20 - 0.30% 2.00 - 3.00%
Recommended Nuts and Washers
Grade Nuts Washers
L7 A194 Grade 4 or 7 F436
L43 A194 Grade 4 or 7 F436
B8 Class 1 A194 Grade 8 SS304
B8M Class 1 A194 Grade 8M SS316
B8 Class 2 A194 Grade 8 SS304
B8M Class 2 A194 Grade 8M SS316
Strain hardened nuts available as a supplementary requirement
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