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x, y, t of
each point heat is derived by using Duhamels theorem. Then, the
superposition of T
a
n
cosnt 1a
where
a
0
=
2
T
0
T/2
f, tdt 1b
1
Corresponding author.
Contributed by the Heat Transfer Division of ASME for publication in the JOUR-
NAL OF HEAT TRANSFER. Manuscript received December 31, 2005; nal manuscript
received July 5, 2005. Review conducted by A. Haji-Sheikh.
236 / Vol. 129, FEBRUARY 2007 Copyright 2007 by ASME Transactions of the ASME
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a
n
=
4
T
0
T/2
f, tcosntdt 1c
Then for the interval 0L, the Fourier series of f, t is
f, t =
f
1
, t if 0 l
f
2
, t if l L l
f
3
, t if L l L
2a
where
f
1
, t =
L l
+
2
n=1
1
n
sin
n
L l
cos
nt
L l
2b
f
2
, t =
l
L l
+
2
n=1
1
n
sin
n
L l
sin
n l
L l
cos
nt
L l
2c
f
3
, t =
L
L l
2
n=1
1
n
sin
n l
L l
cos
nt
L l
2d
2.2 Temperature Prole T
x, y, t of a Time-Dependent
Point Heat Source. The governing equation for time-dependent
heat conduction is
2
T
x, y, t
x
2
+
2
T
x, y, t
y
2
=
1
x, y, t
t
in 0 x L,
0 y h, t 0 3a
where T
= T
0
at x = 0, x = L, t 0 3b
T
= T
0
at y = 0, t 0 3c
k
T
y
= qx f, t at y = h, t 0 3d
where x represents the Dirac delta function dened as
x =
if x =
0 if x
3e
with
+
x dx = 1 3f
for 0, and the following property for any function gx
x gxdx = g 3g
The initial condition is
T
= T
i
at t = 0, in 0 x L, 0 y h 3h
Let
T
x, y, t =
1
x, y, t +
x, y, t 4
the solution of problem 3 becomes the superposition of the fol-
lowing two problems
1
x
2
+
2
1
y
2
=
1
1
t
in 0 x L, 0 y h, t 0
1
= T
0
at x = 0, x = L, t 0
1
= T
0
at y = 0, t 0
1
y
= 0 at y = h, t 0
1
= T
i
at t = 0 5
and
x
2
+
2
y
2
=
1
t
in 0 x L, 0 y h, t 0
= 0 at x = 0, x = L, t 0
= 0 at y = 0, t 0
k
y
= qx f, t at y = h, t 0
= 0 at t = 0 6
It can be shown that the Greens function for the problem is
Gx, y, tx, y, =
4
Lh
m=1
p=1
m
2
+
p
2
t
sin
m
xsin
p
ysin
m
xsin
p
y 7
Then the solution for problem 5 can be obtained by use of the
Greens function as
Fig. 1 A rectangular domain subject to oscillatory heat ux on
its top boundary
Fig. 2 Periodic square wave of working function of the point
heat source
Journal of Heat Transfer FEBRUARY 2007, Vol. 129 / 237
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1
= T
0
+
4T
i
T
0
Lh
m=1
p=1
1 1
m
p
e
m
2
+
p
2
t
sin
m
xsin
p
y
8a
where
m
=
m
L
m = 1, 2, , 8b
p
=
2p 1
2h
p = 1, 2, , 8c
To solve problem 6 using Duhamels theorem, the auxiliary
problem is dened as follows:
x
2
+
2
y
2
=
1
t
in 0 x L, 0 y h, t 0
= 0 at x = 0, x = L, t 0
= 0 at y = 0, t 0
k
y
= x at y = h, t 0
= 0 at t = 0 9
Then by Duhamels theorem the solution to problem 6 is written
as
x, y, t =
=0
t
qf,
x, y, t
t
d 10
Application of the same Greens function as that in Eq. 7
yields the solution for the auxiliary problem 9
x, y, t =
4
Lhk
m=1
p=1
1
p+1
sin
m
m
2
+
p
2
1 e
m
2
+
p
2
t
sin
m
xsin
p
y 11
where
m
,
p
are the same as those in Eqs. 8b and 8c,
respectively.
Introducing Eq. 11 to Eq. 10, the solution to problem 6 is
obtained as
x, y, t = q
4
Lhk
m=1
p=1
1
p+1
sin
m
xsin
p
ysin
m
=0
t
f, e
m
2
+
p
2
t
d
12
Substituting Eqs. 8a and 12 into Eq. 4, temperature prole
of a time-dependent point heat source at location , h with work-
ing function f, t is obtained as
T
x, y, t = T
0
+
4T
i
T
0
Lh
m=1
p=1
1 1
m
p
e
m
2
+
p
2
t
sin
m
xsin
p
y
+ q
4
Lhk
m=1
p=1
1
p+1
sin
m
xsin
p
ysin
m
=0
t
f, e
m
2
+
p
2
t
d
13
2.3 Transient Temperature Prole Tx, y, t for the Entire
Domain. In Eq. 13 the last term, i.e.,
=0
L
x, y, td 14
Substituting Eqs. 8a and 12 into Eq. 14 and performing the
indicated operations yields the following solution for the transient
eld temperature of the entire domain
Tx, y, t = T
0
+
4T
i
T
0
Lh
m=1
p=1
1 1
m
p
e
mp
t
sin
m
xsin
p
y
+ q
4
Lhk
m=1
p=1
1
p+1
sin
m
x
sin
p
y
1 1
m
mp
m
2
L l
sin
m
l1 e
mp
t
+
n=1
S
n
n
sin
n
t +
mp
cos
n
t
mp
e
mp
t
n
2
+
mp
2
15a
where
n
=
n
L l
15b
mp
=
m
2
+
p
2
15c
S
n
=
1 1
n+m
n
sin
m
l
1
m
n
/
1
m
+
n
/
if
m
n
/ 0
1 1
n+m
n
sin
m
l
1
m
+
n
/
+
L l
n
1 cos
nl
L l
if
m
n
/ = 0
15d
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m
,
p
are determined from Eqs. 8b and 8c, respectively.
3 Results and Discussion
In this section, simulations are done using Eq. 15. Table 1
shows the input parameters. In the simulations, the truncation er-
ror is set to be 10
5
, and thus the maximum numbers of the terms
for the innite series in Eq. 15 are m=50, p=48, and n=7. A
nite element model, shown in Fig. 3, was also developed to
verify the results. The top surface is divided into 30 elements. The
ux traverses from the left to the right side after 20 steps and then
oscillates back to the left. The step time t =L/ 30/ =0.00833 s.
The user-dened subroutine DFLUX is used to apply the thermal
load of the oscillatory ux. The simulations are done using the
ABAQUS on a 3.2 GHz Pentium 4 computer. It takes about 11 h
to perform 2000 s of simulations for the oscillatory heat ux. In
contrast, the computations of the analytical solution take only a
few minutes on the same computer. The temperature contour at
the steady state is shown in Fig. 4.
Figure 5 shows a comparison between the predicted analytical
results and ABAQUS simulations for the temperature rise at loca-
tions L/ 2, h, L/ 6, h, 5L/ 6, h, and L/ 2, h/ 2 specied in Fig.
3. The analytical and numerical results are in excellent agreement.
In the analytical solution, the temperature rise at L/ 6, h is
slightly higher than that at 5L/ 6, h. The reason is that although
the geometry of the domain is symmetric along the center line in
the y direction, the motion of the ux is not exactly symmetric
because of our assumption that the ux begins to oscillate from
the left. If we assume the beginning location is at the center of the
top surface, the difference will disappear. The analytical solution
provides a direct and efcient methodology for problems involv-
ing oscillatory heat ux.
4 Concluding Remarks
In this paper, an analytical method for treating heat conduction
problems involving a body subjected to oscillating heat ux on
one of its boundaries is developed. The method can be easily
applied to the problem where the working function and fundamen-
tal solution are easily determined. Otherwise, the semi-analytical
treatment of the problem reported in Ref. 10 can be used. Pre-
diction results by the analytical solution and verication using the
nite element method are also presented. The analysis demon-
strates that the result can efciently predict the eld temperature
of such moving boundary problems or be used to verify the solu-
tion from other methods. The method can be readily extended to
three-dimensional problems as well as problems involving other
types of periodic heat ux on a boundary.
Table 1 Parameters used in the simulations
Width of the domain L m
0.3
Height of the domain h m
0.1
Length of heat ux l m
0.1
Heat ux q W/ m
2
50,000
Velocity of oscillation m/s
1.2
Thermal conductivity k W/m K
52
Thermal diffusivity m
2
/ s 10
5
Boundary temperature T
0
C
25
Initial temperature T
i
C
25
Fig. 3 Model of nite element method
Fig. 4 Temperature contour at steady state
Fig. 5 Comparison of temperature rise obtained analytically
and by the nite element method at locations L/ 2, h, L/ 6, h,
5L/ 6, h, and L/ 2, h/ 2
Journal of Heat Transfer FEBRUARY 2007, Vol. 129 / 239
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References
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240 / Vol. 129, FEBRUARY 2007 Transactions of the ASME
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