Basic Calculation of Bolted Connection

Calculation of a bolted connection with prestress. Loading by axial or tangential force. The
calculation is carried out in metric or English units. With the ANS standard set! the calculation is
performed in English units! with corresponding bolt dimensions also included.
Input Parameters
Y
Tightness factor " With a prestressed bolted connection! the distance between
materials is undesirable #due to the bad $uality of surface! for example% and this
safety factor is introduced to pre&ent it. Tightness factor ' ( ) * Y #additional
tightness factorY ( +., " ).,%. -ecommended minimum &alue is )...
/
a
maximum operation axial force
n force input factor
/
t
maximum operation tangential force
f 0oint friction factor #between the connected materials%
1 number of bolts
d thread diameter
p thread pitch
d
s
mean bolt diameter
d
min
minimum bolt diameter
S
y
2ield strength
'
s
safety factor #The &alue is selected according to the re$uired safety le&el of the
0oint.%
p
A
allowable thread pressure #nut%
E
)
elasticity module of bolt
f
)
thread friction factor between the nut and the bolt
f
.
friction factor in the contact surface of the nut or bolt
L width of connected material
E
.
elasticity module of connected material
Calculated Parameters
According to the following calculation formulas! the program calculates geometric dimensions of
the bolt from the specified nominal bolt diameter3
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4inimum diameter of the nut thread
5
)
( d " ).+6.,7) p
8itch diameter of the thread
d
.
( d " +.9:;,); p
Calculation of Bolted Connection:
Wor'ing force in the 0oint " determined by the axial force! has to secure the transfer of tangential
force by friction of connected materials. Also affected by the re$uirement on tightness expressed
by the factor of 0oint tightness.
8restress force " based on the wor'ing force of the 0oint! ta'es into account the elastic yielding of
bolts and flanges by using the c
n
yielding constants.
where3

c
)
( c
)+
* #) " n% c
.+

c
.
( n c
.+



for steel a ( )+

for cast iron a ( 6

for aluminum and its alloys a ( 9
-e$uired tightening moment " determined by the prestress force and affected by the friction
factor in threads between the nut and bolt! and by the friction factor in the contact surface of the
nut or bolt.
Calculated tensile stress in the bolt
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Calculated torsion stress in the bolt
-educed stress in the bolt
Stress caused by maximum force loading the bolt
Calculated pressure in the thread
Calculation chec' " stress in the bolt during tightening the 0oint and during the operation
#respecting the specified 0oint safety%! and the chec' of allowable pressure in threads.
s
red
S
y
< '
s
and s
max
S
y
< '
s
and p
c
p
A
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