Chapter 6 Basic Signaling Procedures

Basic Principles of WCDMA System Basic Signaling Procedures
Chapter 6 Basic Signaling Procedures

6.1 Overview
6.1.1 Types of Signaling Procedures
There are various signaling procedures in the WCDMA system. In the protocol stac
plane! there are signaling procedures in the access stratum and the non"access
stratum# and in the net$or architecture plane! there are signaling procedures in the
CS domain and the PS domain.
The signaling procedures in the access stratum and the non"access stratum are
classified from the angle of the protocol stac. In the protocol stac! the %%C and
%A&AP layers and the protocol layers 'elo$ them are called the access stratum! and
the protocol layers MM! SM! CC and SMS a'ove them are called the non"access
stratum. Simply speaing! the access stratum signaling procedures refer to the
procedures in $hich the radio access stratum e(uipment such as %&C and &ode B
shall participate. The non"access stratum signaling procedures refer to the
procedures in $hich only )* and C& participate. The %&C and &ode B in the radio
access net$or do not participate in these procedures. That is! the access stratum
signaling maes preparation for the signaling e+change of the non"access stratum.
Through the signaling e+change of the access stratum! signaling paths are set up
'et$een )* and C&! so that the )* and the C& can enter the non"access stratum
signaling procedures.
The access stratum procedures comprise P,M& selection! cell selection and radio
resource management procedures. The radio resource management procedures are
the procedures in the %%C layer. They consist of %%C connection setup procedure!
)*"C& signaling setup procedure! %AB setup procedure! call release procedure!
handover procedure and S%&S relocation procedure. Among them! the handover
procedure and the S%&S relocation procedure involve t$o cases- Inter"%&C! and
inter"S.S&/MSC. In that case! the S.S&/MSC needs to participate in the
procedures. Therefore! in the protocol stac plane! the access stratum procedures
are 'ottom layer procedures that provide 'ottom layer 'earer for the upper layer
signaling procedures.
The non"access stratum procedures consist of CS mo'ility management! CS call
control! PS mo'ility management! and PS session management.
6.1.2 General ntroduction
The follo$ing gives a simple description of the 'asic signaling procedures.
0irst is the service procedure from the )* s$itch"on! service proceeding to )*
s$itch"off in the case the su'scri'er does not move.
1223"24"13 Confidential Information of 5ua$ei. &o
Spreading $ithout Permission
Page6! Total78
Figure 1.1 Calling procedure
69 The )* is s$itched on and first enters the signaling e+change of the access
stratum. 0irst the )* selects a P,M& :the net$or of a certain operator9 and a
cell! and camps on an appropriate cell. Then it sets up the %%C connection! and
the signaling connection of the Iu interface. By no$! a signaling path has 'een
set up 'et$een the )* and the C& for the non"access stratum signaling
procedures through these access stratum signaling procedures.
19 Then the non"access stratum mo'ility management procedure starts 'et$een
the )* and the C&. The su'scri'er attach procedure $ill 'e e+ecuted! $hich
includes minor procedures such as authentication! ciphering. The location
update procedure $ill 'e e+ecuted $hen the su'scri'er in idle state change the
location.
;9 After passing the procedures such as authentication! the )* enters the service"
related procedures of the non"access stratum! $hich includes the CS call
connection procedure and the PS session management procedure. These
procedures esta'lish the service 'earer for service proceeding. After that! the
su'scri'er can start to mae a call or access the Internet.
39 When the su'scri'er ends the service! the CS call connection procedure or the
PS session management procedure $ill 'e e+ecuted to release the service
'earer..
<9 If the su'scri'er po$ers off the )* at this time! the )* and the C& $ill use the
non"access stratum mo'ility management procedure to detach from the CS
domain or the PS domain.
79 When the non"access stratum signaling e+change ends! the system $ill use the
access stratum signaling procedures to clear the previously setup lu signaling
connection and the %%C signaling connection.
By no$! the service procedure from )* s$itch"on! service proceeding to )* s$itch"
off ends in the case that the su'scri'er does not move. As sho$n in the a'ove! the
service procedure is completed through the coordination of the signaling procedures
of 'oth the access stratum and the non"access stratum. The access stratum signaling
procedures provide signaling 'earers for the non"access stratum signaling
procedures.
The follo$ing is a called service procedure.
Page1! Total78
Figure 6.1 Called procedure
69 The )* of the su'scri'er is in the idle state. &o$ it is paged from the net$or
side.
19 If there is no availa'le signaling connection 'et$een )* and C&! the )*! the
%&C and the C& $ill enter the access stratum signaling procedures! and set up
the %%C connection and the Iu interface signaling connection.
;9 The authentication and ciphering procedures of mo'ility management may 'e
e+ecuted.
39 The service 'earer is esta'lished through the CS call connection procedure and
the PS session management procedure for service proceeding.
<9 After the service ends! the related service 'earer is cleared.
79 The signaling connections of the access stratum! including the Iu interface
signaling connection and the %%C connection are released.
The a'ove t$o procedures descri'e the service proceeding in the case that the
su'scri'er does not move. The description is simple. Detailed descriptions of the
procedures are given in the su'se(uent chapters.
Due to the mo'ility feature of mo'ile communications! there are a num'er of
procedures related to mo'ility processing. 0or e+ample! if a su'scri'er changes
his/her location $hen he/she does not handle any service! mo'ility management
procedures such as location update $ill 'e e+ecuted. And if the su'scri'er changes
his/her location $hile handling the service! procedures such as handover and S%&S
relocation $ill 'e e+ecuted.
6.2 !" State and Paging Procedure
6.2.1 !" State
The )* may operate in one of t$o 'asic modes- Idle mode and connected mode.
After 'eing s$itched on! the )* operates in the idle mode and is identified 'y a non"
access stratum identification such as IMSI! TMSI or P"TMSI. The )T%A& does not
Page;! Total78
save the information of the )* operating in the idle mode. It can only page all the )*s
in a cell or all the )*s at one paging time slot.
After esta'lishing an %%C connection! the )* shifts from the idle mode to the
connected mode- C*,,=0AC5 or C*,,=DC5 state. The connected mode of )* is
also called the %%C state of )*. It reflects the level of the )* connection and the
transport channel that can 'e used 'y the )*. When the %%C connection is released!
the )* shifts from the connected mode to the idle mode.
Figure 1.1 Operating modes of the UE
In the connected mode! the )* has altogether four states-
6. C*,,=DC5 state
The C*,,=DC5 state features the follo$ing-
A dedicated physical channel is allocated to the )* in 'oth the uplin and the
do$nlin.
%&C no$s the cell $here the )* camps on according the current active set of
the )*.
The )* can use the dedicated transport channels! do$nlin/uplin shared
transport channels or the com'ination of these transport channels.
The )* enters the C*,,=DC5 state in one of the follo$ing t$o $ays-
69 In the idle mode! the )* sets up the %%C connection on the dedicated channel!
thus shifting from the idle mode to the C*,,=DC5 state.
19 In the C*,,=0AC5 state! the )* uses the common transport channel and then
is converted to the dedicated transport channel! thus shifting from the
C*,,=0AC5 state to the C*,,=DC5 state.
Page3! Total78
1. C*,,=0AC5 state
The C*,,=0AC5 state features the follo$ing-
&o dedicated transport channel is allocated to the )*.
The )* continuously monitors a do$nlin 0AC5 channel.
A default uplin common channel :for e+ample! %AC59 or an uplin shared
transport channel is allocated to the )* for the )* to use at any time during the
access procedure.
The cell"level location of the )* is no$n 'y the )T%A&! specifically! the cell
reported during the last cell update initiated 'y )*.
The )* performs the follo$ing operations in the C*,,=0AC5 state-
Monitors an 0AC5.
Monitors the BC5 channel of the current serving cell to decode the system
messages.
Initiates a cell update procedure $hen the cell 'ecomes another )T%A cell.
)ses the C"%&TI allocated in the current cell as the )* identification on the
common transport channel unless a ne$ cell is selected.
Transmits uplin control signaling and small data pacets on the %AC5.
In the C*,,=0AC5 state! if the data service is not activated in a certain time period!
the )* $ill enter the C*,,=PC5 state so as to save the po$er. In addition! if neither
the )* nor the net$or side has the data transport re(uirement after the )*
temporarily e+its the C*,,=PC5 state and e+ecutes the cell update! the )* $ill
return to the C*,,=PC5 state.
;. C*,,=PC5 state
The C*,,=PC5 state features the follo$ing-
&o dedicated channel is allocated to the )*.
The D%> :discontinuous reception9 technology is adopted for the )* to monitor
the information transmitted on the PC5 channel at a specific paging time slot.
&o uplin activity is allo$ed.
The cell"level location of the )* is no$n 'y the )T%A&! specifically! the cell
reported during the last cell update initiated 'y the )* in the C*,,=0AC5 state.
The )* performs the follo$ing operations in the C*,,=PC5 state-
Monitors the paging time slot 'ased on the D%> period and receives the paging
messages transmitted on the PC5.
messages.
Initiates the cell update procedure $hen the cell changes.
The DCC5 logical channel cannot 'e used in this state. To initiate any activity! the
net$or needs to send a paging re(uest via the PCC5 logical channel of the cell
$here the )* is.
The )* shifts to the C*,,=0AC5 state in one of the follo$ing t$o $ays- By paging
from the )T%A& and 'y any uplin access.
3. )%A=PC5 state
The )%A=PC5 state features the follo$ing-
&o dedicated channel is allocated to the )*.
Page<! Total78
The D%> technology is adopted for the )* to monitor the information transmitted
on the PC5 channel at a specific paging time slot.
&o uplin activity is allo$ed.
The )%A"level location of the )* is no$n 'y the )T%A&! specifically! the )%A
reported during the last )%A update initiated 'y the )* in the C*,,=0AC5 state.
The )* performs the follo$ing operations in the )%A=PC5 state-
Monitors the paging time slot 'ased on the D%> period and receives the paging
messages transmitted on the PC5.
messages.
Initiates the )%A update procedure $hen the )%A changes.
The DCC5 logical channel cannot 'e used in this state. To initiate any activity! the
net$or needs to send a paging re(uest via the PCC5 logical channel of the )%A
$here the )* is.
&o resource is allocated for data transport in the )%A=PC5 state. Therefore! if the
)* has the data transport re(uirement! it needs to first shift to the C*,,=0AC5 state.
6.2.2 Paging Procedure
Different from fi+ed communications! the location of the communication terminal in
mo'ile communications is not fi+ed. To esta'lish a call! the C& sends a paging
message to the )T%A& via the Iu interface! and the )T%A& for$ards the message to
the )* through the paging procedure on the )u interface! so that the )* 'eing paged
initiates the signaling connection setup procedure $ith the C&.
When receiving the paging message from a certain C& domain :CS or PS domain9!
the )T%A& first needs to decide $hether the )* has esta'lished a signaling
connection $ith another C& domain. If the )* has not esta'lished any signaling
connection! the )T%A& can only learn the current service area $here the )* is and
$ill send the paging message :PA.I&. T?P* 6 message9 to the )* via the paging
control channel. If the )* has already esta'lished a signaling connection! the )T%A&
can learn the channel $here the )* is currently active $hen the )* is in the
C*,,=DC5 or C*,,=0AC5 state and $ill send the paging message :PA.I&. T?P*
1 message9 to the )* via the dedicated control channel. In this sense! the paging
falls into the follo$ing t$o types 'ased on the )* mode and state-
1# Paging a !" in the idle $ode or the PC% state
In this paging type! the PCC5 :Paging Control Channel9 is used to send paging
messages to the )* in the idle mode or in the C*,,=PC5 or )%A=PC5 state to page
it. This paging type has the follo$ing functions-
To esta'lish a call or a signaling connection! the upper layer at the net$or side
initiates the paging procedure.
To transit the )* state from C*,,=PC5 or )%A=PC5 to C*,,=0AC5! the
)T%A& initiates the paging to trigger the )* state transition.
When the system message changes! the )T%A& initiates the paging of the )*
in the idle mode or in the C*,,=PC5 or )%A=PC5 state so as to trigger the )*
to read the updated system information.
Page7! Total78
PA.I&. T?P* 6
)* )T%A&
Figure 1.1 Paging a UE in the idle mode or the PCH state
The )T%A& initiates the paging procedure 'y sending a PA.I&. T?P* 6 message
at a proper paging time slot via the PCC5. This paging moment is related to the IMSI
of the )*. The )T%A& may page a )* at several paging time slots to let the )*
correctly receive the paging message.
2# Paging a !" in the C"&&'(C% or C"&&')*C% state
In this paging type! the dedicated paging message is sent to a )* in the C*,,=DC5
or C*,,=0AC5 state.
PA.I&. T?P* 1
)*
)T%A&
Figure 1.2 Paging a UE in the CELL_DCH or CELL_FACH state
0or a )* in the C*,,=DC5 or C*,,=0AC5 state of the connected mode! the )T%A&
initiates the paging procedure 'y sending a PA.I&. T?P* 1 message via the DCC5
:Dedicated Control C5annel9. This paging type is also called the dedicated paging
procedure.
6.+ !" in the dle ,ode
6.+.1 Overview
After 'eing s$itched on or $hen roaming! the )* needs to find the net$or and
esta'lish contact $ith the net$or in the first place. It can get the net$or services
only in this $ay. Therefore! activities of the )* in the idle mode are essential to the
)*. This section descri'es the procedure for the )* to find the net$or and esta'lish
contact $ith the net$or.
In the )* idle mode! this process falls into P,M& selection and reselection! cell
selection and reselection! and location registration! $hose relationship is sho$n in the
follo$ing figure-
Page8! Total78
PLMN Selection
and Reselection
Location
Registration
PLMNs
available
PLMN
selected
Location
Registration
response
Registration
Area
changes
Indication
to user
User selection
of PLMN
Automatic/
Manual selection
CM requests
NAS Control
Radio measurements
Cell Selection
and Reselection
Figure 1.1 UE in the idle mode
After 'eing s$itched on! the )* shall first select a P,M&! and then select a cell
'elonging to this P,M&. When finding such a cell! the )* can learn the information of
the neigh'oring cells via the system message :'roadcast9. Thus! it can select the cell
$ith the 'est signal (uality from all these cells to camp on. Then the )* initiates the
location registration procedure :attach or location update9. After that! the )* camps
on the cell. The residence of the )* has four functions as follo$s-
The )* can receive the system messages 'roadcast 'y the P,M&.
The )* can initiate the random access procedure in the cell.
The )* can receive the paging from the net$or.
The )* can receive the cell 'roadcast service.
After the )* camps on the cell and its registration succeeds! the signal strengths of
the current cell and the neigh'oring cells eep changing as the )* moves. Therefore!
the )* needs to select the most suita'le cell. This is the cell reselection procedure.
The most suita'le cell may not 'e the cell $ith the 'est signal (uality currently. 0or
e+ample! the )* is at the 'order of a cell! and moves 'et$een t$o cells that 'elong
to different ,As or %As. In this case! the )* eeps initiating the location update! thus
$asting the net$or resources and the )*@s energy. Therefore! the reselection of a
cell from all the cells shall follo$ a certain rule that is detailed later.
When finding out that the cell selected during the cell reselection 'elongs to another
,A or %A! the )* shall initiate the location update procedure so that the net$or can
get the latest location information of the )*. It detects the change of the ,A or %A via
the SIB6 in the system 'roadcast message.
If the location registration or update fails! for e+ample! the net$or reAects the )*! or
the )* is outside the coverage of the current P,M&! the )* can conduct the P,M&
reselection to select another availa'le P,M&.
Page4! Total78
6.+.2 P&,- Selection and .eselection
The purpose of P,M& selection and reselection is to select the 'est P,M& availa'le
:that is! the P,M& that can provide normal services9. To achieve this purpose! the )*
$ill maintain a P,M& list that is sorted 'y priority! and search the P,M&s from high
priority to lo$ priority! thus finding the P,M& $ith the highest priority. In addition! there
are t$o modes of P,M& selection and reselection- Automatic and manual. Simply! the
automatic P,M& selection is the process in $hich the )* automatically selects a
P,M& 'y the P,M& priority! $hile the manual P,M& selection is the process in $hich
all the currently availa'le P,M&s are presented to the su'scri'er for the su'scri'er to
select one of them.
6.+.+ Cell Selection and .eselection
The )* needs to select the cell after selecting the P,M&. It should select the cell $ith
the 'est signal (uality that 'elongs to the P,M&.
0irst! if some information related to the P,M&! such as fre(uency and scram'le! is
stored in the )*! the )* $ill use the information to conduct cell search :stored
information cell selection9. In this $ay the )* can find the net$or (uicly. In most
cases! the )* is s$itched off and on again in the same location! for e+ample! )*
s$itch"off at night and s$itch"on in the morning. Therefore! such information is stored
in the SIM card or the non"volatile memory of the )*.
6. Cell selection
The cell selection procedure is as follo$s-
69 Search for a cell
The cell search aims to find a cell! although the cell may not 'elong to the selected
P,M&. The cell search procedure is as follo$s :it is certain that a fre(uency should
'e loced in the first place9-
The )* synchroniBes the slot via the primary SC5. After that! it shall synchroniBe the
frame. The frame synchroniBation is implemented 'y using the synchroniBation code
of the secondary SC5. This procedure also determines the scram'le group of the
cell. Then the )* finds the scram'le $ith the ma+imum result value 'y associating
each scram'le in the scram'le group $ith the CPIC5. Thus the primary scram'le is
determined.
It is o'vious that if the )* has already no$n some information of the cell! such as
the fre(uency or even the primary scram'le! the a'ove procedure can 'e greatly
speeded up.
19 %ead 'roadcast channel
The )* o'tains the scram'le of PCCPC5 in Step 69 a'ove. The PCCPC5 channel
code is already no$n and is uni(ue in the entire )T%A&. The )* no$ can read the
information in the 'roadcast channel.
After reading the MIB! the )* can decide $hether the P,M& currently found is
the desired P,M&! since the MIB has the P,M& identity field. If yes! the )* $ill
find the other SIBs and get their contents 'ased on the scheduling information of
the other SIBs in the MIB. If not! the )* has to search for the ne+t fre(uency and
start the procedure over again :starting from the cell search9.
If the current P,M& is the P,M& to 'e found 'y the )*! then the )* reads SIB;
and gets CCell selection and re"selection infoD. It calculates $hether the cell
residence standard is satisfied $ith the ac(uired information. If the standard is
PageE! Total78
satisfied! then the )* considers the cell as a suita'le cell. It then camps on the
cell! reads other necessary system information! and then initiates the location
registration procedure.
If the a'ove conditions are not satisfied! the )* then reads SIB66 and o'tains the
neigh'oring cell information. Then it can calculate and decide $hether the
neigh'oring cell satisfies the cell selection and residence standards.
When finding any neigh'oring cell satisfying the cell residence standard! the )* $ill
camp on the cell! read the other necessary system information! and then initiate the
location registration procedure.
If it does not find a cell satisfying the cell residence standard! it $ill consider that there
is no P,M& coverage! and proceed $ith the P,M& selection and reselection
procedure.
1. Cell reselection
In the idle mode! the )* needs to monitor the signal (uality of the current cell and the
neigh'oring cell so as to select the 'est cell to provide the service. This is the cell
reselection procedure. If the cell reselection condition is satisfied $ithin the
Treselection time! the )* $ill select the cell! camp on the cell! and read its 'roadcast
message. By no$! the cell reselection ends.
;. Cell selection after the )* leaves the connected mode
When transiting from the connected mode to the idle mode! the )* needs to conduct
the cell selection to find a suita'le cell. This selection procedure is the same as the
common cell selection procedure. The only difference is that the cell selected at this
time is cell used in the connected mode. If a suita'le cell cannot 'e found from these
cells! the stored information cell selection mode should 'e adopted.
6.+./ &ocation .egistration
0or these procedures! see MM and .MM procedures.
6./ .adio .esource ,anage$ent Procedures
6./.1 ..C Connection Setup Procedure
In the idle mode! $hen the non"access layer of the )* re(uests to esta'lish a
signaling connection! the )* $ill initiate the %%C connection procedure. *ach )* has
up to one %%C connection only.
When the S%&C receives the %%C CF&&*CTIF& %*G)*ST message from the )*!
its %%M :%adio %esource Management9 module decides $hether to accept or reAect
the %%C connection re(uest 'ased on specific algorithm. If it accepts the re(uest! it
$ill then decide $hether to esta'lish a dedicated channel or a common channel. The
%%C connection setup procedure differs $ith the channel used for the %%C
connection esta'lishment.
Page62! Total78
6. %%C connection esta'lished on a dedicated channel
UE
SRC
!" RRC COEC#$O RE%UES#
&" RRC COEC#$O SE#UP
'" RRC COEC#$O SE#UP CO(PLE#E
ode)
*" RL SESE#UP RE%UES#
+" RL SE#UP RESPOSE
," Allocate
R#!- L! and
L, parameters
." ALCAP esta/lishment and s0nchroni1ation
Figure 1.1 RRC connection esta/lished on the dedicated channel
Description-
69 The )* sends an ..C Connection .e0uest message via the uplin CCC5 to
re(uest to esta'lish an %%C connection.
19 Based on the %%C connection re(uest cause and the system resource state! the
S%&C decides to esta'lish the connection on the dedicated channel! and
allocates the %&TI and ,6 and ,1 resources.
;9 The S%&C sends a .adio &in1 Setup .e0uest message to &ode B! re(uesting
the &ode B to allocate specific radio lin resources re(uired 'y the %%C
connection.
39 After successfully preparing the resources! the &ode B responds to the S%&C
$ith the .adio &in1 Setup .esponse message.
<9 The S%&C initiates the esta'lishment of Iu' user plane transport 'earer $ith the
A,CAP protocol and completes the synchroniBation 'et$een the %&C and the
&ode B.
79 The S%&C sends an ..C Connection Setup message to the )* in the
do$nlin CCC5.
89 The )* sends an ..C Connection Setup Co$plete message to the S%&C in
the uplin DCC5.
By no$! the %%C connection setup procedure ends.
1. %%C connection esta'lished on a common channel
When the %%C connection is set up on a common channel! since the cell common
resources already esta'lished are used! it is unnecessary to set up radio lin and
user plane data transport 'earer. The rest procedure is similar to that $hen the %%C
connection is set up in a dedicated channel.
Page66! Total78
6./.2 Signaling Setup Procedure
After the %%C connection 'et$een the )* and the )T%A& is successfully set up! the
)* sets up a signaling connection $ith the C& via the %&C for &AS information
e+change 'et$een the )* and the C&! such as authentication! service re(uest and
connection setup. This is also called the &AS signaling setup procedure.
0or the %&C! the signaling e+changed 'et$een the )* and the C& is a direct transfer
message. After receiving the first direct transfer message! that is! the Initial Direct
Transfer message! the %&C sets up a signaling connection $ith the C& on the SCCP.
The procedure is sho$n in the follo$ing figure-
UE
SRNC
CN
1.RRC INITIAL IR!CT TRANS"!R
#.RANAP$ INITIAL %! M!SSA&!'CR(
).SCCP CC 'S*ccess(
).SCCP CC '"ail*re(
Figure 1.1 Signaling setup procedure
The specific procedure is given as follo$s-
69 After the %%C connection is esta'lished! the )* sends the Initial Direct Transfer
message to the %&C via the %%C connection. This message carries the &AS
information content sent to the C& 'y the )*.
19 After receiving the Initial Direct Transfer message from the )*! the %&C sends
the SCCP Connection %e(uest :C%9 message to the C& via the Iu interface. The
message content is the Initial )* Message sent from the %&C to the C&! and
carries the message content sent from the )* to the C&.
;9 If the C& is ready to accept the connection re(uest! then it returns the SCCP
Connection Confirm :CC9 message to the %&C. The SCCP connection is
successfully set up. The %&C receives the message and confirms the signaling
connection setup success.
39 If the C& cannot accept the connection re(uest! then it returns the SCCP
Connection %eAect :CH9 message to the %&C. The SCCP connection setup fails.
The %&C receives the message and confirms the signaling connection setup
failure. Then it initiates the %%C release procedure.
After the signaling connection is successfully set up! the message sent 'y the )* to
the C& is for$arded to the %&C via the )plin Direct Transfer message! and the %&C
converts it into the Direct Transfer message to send to the C&. The message sent 'y
the C& to the )* is for$arded to the %&C via the Direct Transfer message! and the
%&C converts it into the Do$nlin Direct Transfer to send to the )*.
6./.+ .*B "sta2lish$ent Procedure
The %AB refers to the user plane 'earer that is used to transfer voice! data and
multimedia services 'et$een the )* and the C&. The )* needs to complete the
%%C connection esta'lishment 'efore setting up the %AB.
Page61! Total78
The %AB setup is initiated 'y the C& and e+ecuted 'y the )T%A&. The 'asic
procedure is as follo$s-
0irst the C& sends the %AB assignment re(uest message to the )T%A&!
re(uesting the )T%A& to esta'lish the %AB.
The S%&C in the )T%A& initiates the esta'lishment of the data transport 'earer
'et$een the Iu interface and the Iu' interface :Iur interface9.
The S%&C sends the %B setup re(uest to the )*.
After completing the %B esta'lishment! the )* responds to the S%&C $ith the
%B setup complete message.
The S%&C responds to the C& $ith the %AB assignment response message and
the %AB setup procedure ends.
When the %AB is successfully esta'lished! a 'asic call is set up and the )* enters
the conversation process.
The %AB setup procedure falls into the follo$ing three cases 'ased on the radio
resource utiliBation :the radio resource states $hen the %%C connection is set up and
$hen the %AB is set up9-
69 DC5"DC5- The %%C uses the DC5! $hile the %AB prepares to use the DC5.
19 %AC5/0AC5"%AC5/0AC5- The %%C uses the CC5! $hile the %AB prepares to
use the CC5.
;9 %AC5/0AC5"DC5- The %%C uses the CC5! $hile the %AB prepares to use the
DC5.
Detailed description of the %AB setup procedure is given as follo$s-
6. DC5"DC5
When the current %%C state of the )* is the DC5 :Dedicated C5annel9! the assigned
%AB can only 'e set up on the DC5. According to the %, :radio lin9 reconfiguration!
the %AB setup procedure falls into t$o cases- Synchronous %, :DC5"DC59
reconfiguration and asynchronous %, :DC5"DC59 reconfiguration. Their difference
lies in $hether the &ode B and the )* can use the ne$ configuration parameters
immediately after receiving the configuration message from the S%&C.
In the synchronous case! after receiving the configuration message from the
S%&C! the &ode B and the )* cannot use the ne$ configuration parameters
immediately. Instead! they o'tain the synchroniBation time specified 'y the
S%&C from the message! and use the ne$ configuration parameters at the
synchroniBation time.
In the asynchronous case! after receiving the configuration message from the
S%&C! the &ode B and the )* immediately use the ne$ configuration
parameters.
69 Synchronous %, reconfiguration
In the DC5"DC5 synchroniBation case! synchronous reconfiguration of %, is re(uired
among the S%&C! the &ode B and the )*.
After receiving the %, reconfiguration message from the S%&C! the &ode B
cannot use the ne$ configuration parameters immediately. Instead! they prepare
the corresponding radio resources! and $ait for the reconfiguration commit
message from the S%&C so as to get the synchroniBation time specified 'y the
S%&C from the message.
After receiving the configuration message from the S%&C! the )* cannot use
the ne$ configuration parameters immediately. Instead! it gets the
synchroniBation time specified 'y the S%&C from the message.
The &ode B and the )* use the ne$ configuration parameters at the same time
in the synchroniBation time specified 'y the S%&C.
Page6;! Total78
The follo$ing is the DC5"DC5 synchronous %, reconfiguration in the %AB setup
procedure.
UE SRC ode)
C
!" RAAP2 RA) ASS$3(E# RE%UES#
," ALCAP esta/lishment
*" RL RECOF$3 PRE
+" RL RECOF$3 READ4
."ALCAP esta/lishment and s0nchroni1ation
'" RRC2 R) SE#UP
5" RRC2 R) SE#UP CO(PLE#E
6" RAAP2 RA) ASS$3(E# RESPOSE
&" RL RECOF$3 CO(($#
Figure 1.1 RA) setup procedure 7DCH8DCH- s0nchronous9
Description-
The C& sends the %A&AP %AB :%adio Access Bearer9 Assignment %e(uest
message to the )T%A& to initiate the %AB setup re(uest.
After receiving the %AB setup re(uest! the S%&C maps the GoS parameter of
the %AB as the AA,1 lin feature parameter and the radio resource feature
parameter. The A,CAP of the Iu interface initiates the user plane transport
'earer setup procedure of the Iu interface 'ased on the AA,1 lin feature
parameter :only for setuping %AB of Iu"CS interface user plane9.
The S%&C sends the &BAP %adio ,in %econfiguration Prepare message to its
su'ordinate &ode B! re(uesting it to prepare to add one :or more9 DC5 for %AB
'earer on the e+isting radio lin.
The &ode B allocates the corresponding resources! and sends the %adio ,in
%econfiguration %eady message to its home S%&C! notifying it that the radio lin
reconfiguration is ready.
The A,CAP of the Iu' interface in the S%&C initiates the user plane transport
'earer setup procedure of the Iu' interface. The &ode B and the S%&C esta'lish
synchroniBation $ith each other 'y e+changing the uplin and do$nlin
synchroniBation frames of the DC5 frame protocol.
The S%&C sends the %adio ,in %econfiguration Commit message to its
su'ordinate &ode B.
The S%&C sends the %%C %adio Bearer Setup message to the )*.
After e+ecuting the %B setup! the )* sends the %adio Bearer Setup Complete
message to the S%&C.
After receiving the %adio Bearer Setup Complete message! the S%&C responds
to the C& $ith the %adio Access Bearer Assignment %esponse message. The
%AB setup procedure ends.
19 Asynchronous %, reconfiguration
In the DC5"DC5 asynchronous case! synchronous %, reconfiguration is not re(uired
among the S%&C! the &ode B and the )*- After receiving the configuration message
from the S%&C! the &ode B and the )* immediately use the ne$ configuration
parameters.
The follo$ing is the DC5"DC5 asynchronous %, reconfiguration in the %AB setup
procedure.
Page63! Total78
UE SRC ode)
C
!" RAAP2 RA) ASS$3(E# RE%UES#
," ALCAP esta/lishment
*" RL RECOF$3 RE%
+" RL RECOF$3 RESP
." ALCAP esta/lishment and s0nchroni1ation
&" RRC2 R) SE#UP
'" RRC2 R) SE#UP CO(PLE#E
5" RAAP2 RA) ASS$3(E# RESPOSE
Figure 2.1 RA) setup procedure 7DCH8DCH- as0nchronous9
Description-
The C& sends the %A&AP %AB :%adio Access Bearer9 Assignment %e(uest
message to the )T%A& to initiate the %AB setup re(uest.
After receiving the %AB setup re(uest! the S%&C maps the GoS parameter of
the %AB as the AA,1 lin feature parameter and the radio resource feature
parameter. The A,CAP of the Iu interface initiates the user plane transport
'earer setup procedure of the Iu interface 'ased on the AA,1 lin feature
parameter.
In the asynchronous case! synchroniBation is not re(uired for the radio
reconfiguration. The S%&C sends the &BAP %adio ,in %econfiguration %e(uest
message to its su'ordinate &ode B! re(uesting it to set up a ne$ DC5 on the
e+isting radio lin.
After receiving the %adio ,in %econfiguration %e(uest message! the &ode B
allocates the corresponding resources! and sends the %adio ,in
%econfiguration %esponse message to its home S%&C! notifying it that the radio
lin reconfiguration is complete.
The A,CAP of the Iu' interface in the S%&C initiates the user plane transport
'earer setup procedure of the Iu' interface. The &ode B and the S%&C esta'lish
synchroniBation $ith each other 'y e+changing the uplin and do$nlin
synchroniBation frames of the DC5 frame protocol.
The S%&C sends the %%C %adio Bearer Setup message to the )*.
After e+ecuting the %B setup! the )* sends the %adio Bearer Setup Complete
message to the S%&C.
After receiving the %adio Bearer Setup Complete message! the S%&C responds
to the C& $ith the %adio Access Bearer Assignment %esponse message. The
%AB setup procedure ends.
6././ Call .elease Procedure
The call release procedure is the %%C connection release procedure. The %%C
connection release procedure falls into t$o types- )*"initiated release and C&"
initiated release. The difference 'et$een the t$o release types lies in $ho sends the
call release re(uest message of the upper layer first! though the final resource
release is initiated 'y the C&.
After deciding to release a call! the C& sends the I) %*,*AS* CFMMA&D message
to the S%&C. The S%&C taes the follo$ing steps after receiving the release
command-
Page6<! Total78
69 %eturns the I) %*,*AS* CFMP,*T* message to the C&.
19 Initiates the release of the user plane transport 'earer of the Iu interface.
;9 %eleases the %%C connection.
The %%C release is to release the signaling lin and all the radio 'earers 'et$een the
)* and the )T%A&. Based on the resources seiBed 'y the %%C connection! the %%C
release can 'e further divided into t$o types- %elease of the %%C connection
esta'lished on a dedicated channel! and release of the %%C connection esta'lished
on a common channel.
6. %elease of the %%C connection esta'lished on a dedicated channel
UE ode) SRC
!" RRC2 RRC COEC#$O RELEASE
," RRC2 RRC COEC#$O RELEASE CO(PLE#E
*" RL DELE#$O
+" RL DELE#$O RESPOSE
." ALCAP release
Figure 3.1 Release of the RRC connection esta/lished on a dedicated channel
Description-
69 The %&C sends the ..C Connection .elease message to the )*.
19 The )* returns the ..C Connection .elease Co$plete message to the %&C.
;9 The %&C sends the .adio &in1 (eletion message to the &ode B to delete the
radio lin resources in the &ode B.
39 After releasing its related resources! the &ode B returns the .adio &in1
(eletion .esponse message to the %&C.
<9 The %&C initiates the A,CAP release of the user plane transport 'earer of the Iu
interface.
In the end! the %&C initiates the local ,1 resource release again. By no$! the %%C
connection release procedure ends.
1. %elease of the %%C connection esta'lished on a common channel
During the release of the %%C connection esta'lished on a common channel! since
the cell common resources are used! it is only necessary to release the )* directly
instead of releasing the &ode B resources and the data transport 'earer.
6./.3 %andover Procedure
The handover procedure is a characteristic distinguishing the mo'ile communication
from the fi+ed communication. When the cell or the mode :0DD or TDD9 used 'y the
)* changes! $e say the )* performs the handover. The WCDMA system supports
the follo$ing types of handover- Soft handover! hard handover! for$ard handover! and
inter"system handover. The soft handover and the hard handover are initiated 'y the
net$or side! the for$ard handover is initiated 'y the )*! and the inter"system
handover can 'e initiated 'y 'oth the net$or side and the )*. The causes of the
Page67! Total78
handover include )* movement! resource optimiBation configuration! and manual
interference! etc.
6. Soft handover
In the WCDMA system! since the intra"fre(uency e+ists among neigh'oring cells! the
)* can communicate $ith the net$or via multiple radio lins! and can select one
$ith good signal (uality 'y comparison $hen these radio lins are merged! thus
optimiBing the communication (uality. The soft handover can 'e conducted only in the
0DD mode. The soft handover falls into the follo$ing cases according to the locations
of the cells. The first case is the soft handover among difference cells of the &ode B.
In this case! the radio lins can 'e merged $ithin the &ode B or the S%&C. If they are
merged $ithin the &ode B! it is called softer handover. The second case is the soft
handover among different &ode Bs $ithin the same %&C and among different %&Cs.
An important issue during the soft handover is the merge of multiple radio lins. In the
WCDMA system! the MAC%F DII*%SIT? technology is adopted for the merge of the
radio lins! that is! the system compares the data from different radio lins 'ased on
certain standards :such as B*%9! and selects the data $ith 'etter (uality to send to
the upper layer.
The follo$ing are some ey concepts a'out the neigh'oring cell in the soft handover-
69 Active set- The set of cells currently used 'y the )*. The e+ecution result of the
soft handover indicates the increase or decrease of the cells in the active set.
19 F'servation set- The set of cells that are not in the active set 'ut are 'eing
o'served 'y the )* 'ased on the neigh'oring cell information from the )T%A&.
The )* measures the cells in the o'servation set. When the measurement
results satisfy certain conditions! the cells may 'e added to the active set.
Therefore! the o'servation set sometimes is also called the candidate set.
;9 Detected set- The set of cells that have 'een detected 'y the )* 'ut do not
'elong to the active set or the o'servation set. The )T%A& can re(uest the )*
to report the measurement result of the detected set. Since the cells in the
detected set are not listed in the neigh'oring cell list! this set is also called the
unlisted set.
The soft handover procedure comprises the follo$ing steps-
69 Based on the measurement control information from the %&C! the )* measures
the intra"fre(uency neigh'oring cells! and reports the measurement result to the
%&C after processing.
19 The %&C compares the reported measurement result $ith the set threshold to
decide the cells to 'e added and deleted.
;9 If some cells are to 'e added! the %&C notifies the &ode B to get ready.
39 The %&C notifies the )* to add and/or delete cells via the active set update
message.
<9 After the )* successfully update the active set! if the cells are deleted! the &ode
B $ill 'e notified to release the corresponding resources.
The original communication is not affected during the soft handover procedure so that
smooth handover from a cell to another can 'e successfully completed.
1. 5ard handover
In the case the neigh'oring cells are inter"fre(uency cells! hard handover instead of
soft handover can 'e conducted. In the hard handover procedure! the communication
$ith the previous cells is interrupted first! and then is connected $ith ne$ cells.
Therefore! the soft handover performance is not as good as soft handover. .enerally!
the hard handover is considered only $hen the soft handover cannot 'e conducted.
Page68! Total78
The target cell of hard handover may not 'e measured. It is applica'le for the hard
handover in emergency! 'ut it has a high failure ratio. In the common hard handover!
it is necessary to measure the target cell. 5o$ever! the )* is generally configured
$ith only one decoder! it cannot decode signals of t$o fre(uencies simultaneously.
Therefore! to ena'le the )* to conduct inter"fre(uency measurement! the
compressed mode technology is introduced into the WCDMA system.
+ne ,ra-e
'1. -s(
Idle period available ,or
inter/,re0*enc1 -eas*re-ents
Figure 5.1 Operating mechanism of the compressed mode
The 'asic operating mechanism of the compressed mode technology is- When
sending some frames :the data sent per 62ms is a frame9! the &ode B speeds up to
send the data that are previously sent in 62ms in less than 62ms! so that the )* can
use the time saved to conduct inter"fre(uency measurement. The mode and time for
increasing the transmit rate is controlled 'y the %&C.
Similar to soft handover! the hard handover falls into the follo$ing types 'ased on the
location relationship 'et$een the source cell and the target cell.
69 5ard handover 'et$een 0DD and TDD in the same cell.
19 5ard handover among cells in a &ode B.
;9 5ard handover among cells in different &ode Bs in the same %&C.
39 5ard handover among cells in different %&Cs.
.enerally! $hen hard handover occurs 'et$een different %&Cs! 'oth %&Cs have the
Iur interface. Fther$ise! the hand handover should 'e completed via relocation.
There are < signaling procedures at the )u interface to complete the hard handover-
69 Physical channel reconfiguration.
19 Transport channel reconfiguration.
;9 %adio 'ear setup.
39 %adio 'ear release.
<9 %adio 'ear reconfiguration.
The follo$ing figure gives the hard handover signaling procedure of cells in different
&ode Bs 'y taing the physical channel reconfiguration as an e+ample
Page64! Total78
)*
6. %ADIF ,I&J S*T)P %*G)*ST
Target &odeB
Fld &odeB
S%&C
1. %ADIF ,I&J S*T)P %*SPF&S*
;. A,CAP esta'lishment
3. P5?SICA, C5A&&*, %*CF&0I.)%ATIF&
<. %ADIF ,I&J
0AI,)%* I&DICATIF&
7. P5?SICA, C5A&&*, %*CF&0I.)%ATIF& CFMP,*T*
8. %ADIF ,I&J
D*,*TIF& %*G)*ST
4. %ADIF ,I&J
D*,*TIF& %*SPF&S*
E. A,CAP release
Figure 5.1 Hard hando:er procedure
Description-
69 The S%&C sends the %adio ,in Setup %e(uest message to the &ode B $here
the target cell is! re(uesting the &ode B to esta'lish a radio lin.
19 The &ode B $here the target cell is sends the %adio ,in Setup %esponse
message to the S%&C! indicating the radio lin is successfully esta'lished.
;9 The S%&C adopts the A,CAP protocol to set up the Iu' interface transport
'earer 'et$een the S%&C and the target &ode B! and synchroniBes the 0P.
39 The S%&C sends the Physical Channel %econfiguration message carrying the
target cell information to the )* via the do$nlin DCC5.
<9 After the )* hands over from the source cell to the target cell! the &ode B of the
source cell detects the radio lin communication failure and then sends the
%adio ,in 0ailure Indication message to the S%&C! indicating the radio lin
failure.
79 After successfully handing over to the target cell! the )* sends the Physical
Channel %econfiguration Complete message to the S%&C via the DCC5!
notifying the S%&C that the physical cannel reconfiguration is complete.
89 The S%&C sends the %adio ,in Deletion %e(uest message to the &ode B
$here the source cell is! re(uesting the &ode B to delete the radio lin of the
source cell.
49 The &ode B $here the source cell is deletes the radio lin resources! and then
responds to the S%&C $ith the %adio ,in Deletion %esponse message.
E9 The S%&C adopts the A,CAP protocol to release the Iu' interface transport
'earer of the S%&C and the &ode B $here the source cell is.
;. 0or$ard handover
0or$ard handover is a part of the %%C connection mo'ility management. The for$ard
handover consists of cell update and )%A update. It is used to timely update the )*"
related information at the )T%A& side $hen the )* location changes. It can also 'e
used to monitor the %%C connection! s$itch the %%C connection state! and report
errors and for$ard information. 0or 'oth the cell update and the )%A update! the
update procedure is initiated 'y the )*.
69 Cell update
Page6E! Total78
The )* in the C*,,=0AC5! C*,,=PC5 or )%A=PC5 can initiate the cell update
procedure. There are different cell update causes and cell update procedures for
different connection states.
In the case the cell update cause is periodical cell update! and the )T%A& side
does not allocate C%&TI or )%&TI to the )*! the procedure is as follo$s-
UE UTRAN
1. CELL UPDATE
2. CELL UPDATE CONFIRM
Figure 1.1 Cell update procedure
The )* sends the C*,, )PDAT* message to the )T%A& via the CCC5.
After processing the C*,, )PDAT* message received from the )*! the )T%A&
sends the C*,, )PDAT* CF&0I%M message to the )*. The cell update ends
at the )T%A& side! and it ends at the )* side after the )* receives the C*,,
)PDAT* CF&0I%M message.
Physical channel reconfiguration $ill accompany the procedure in the follo$ing
t$o cases- 69 The cell update cause is there is uplin data transport or response
to paging! the )T%A& side does not allocate C%&TI or )%&TI to the )* or
indicate the related physical channel information! and the T0S/T0CS saved in
the )* is the same as that in the P%AC5/SCCPC5 'roadcasted 'y the system
message# 19 The cell update cause is there are uplin data! or response to
paging! or cell reselection! the )T%A& side allocates C%&TI or )%&TI to the )*
'ut does not indicate the related physical channel information! and the
T0S/T0CS saved in the )* is the same as that in the P%AC5/SCCPC5
'roadcasted 'y the system message.
Transport channel reconfiguration $ill accompany the procedure in the follo$ing
t$o cases- 69 The cell update cause is there is uplin data transport or response
to paging! the )T%A& side does not allocate C%&TI or )%&TI to the )* or
indicate the related physical channel information! and the T0S/T0CS saved in
the )* differs from that in the P%AC5/SCCPC5 'roadcasted 'y the system
message# 19 The cell update cause is there are uplin data! or response to
paging! or cell reselection! the )T%A& side allocates C%&TI or )%&TI to the )*
'ut does not indicate the related physical channel information! and the
T0S/T0CS saved in the )* differs from that in the P%AC5/SCCPC5
'roadcasted 'y the system message.
In the case the cell update cause is periodical update! the )T%A& side allocate
C%&TI or )%&TI to the )* 'ut does not indicate the related physical channel
information! the )* $ill update its identification! that is! the %&TI reallocation $ill
accompany the procedure.
19 )%A update
The purpose of the )%A update procedure is that the )* in the )%A=PC5 state uses
the current )%A to update the )T%A& after the )%A reselection. This procedure can
also 'e used to monitor the %%C connection $hen there is no )%A reselection.
Several different )%A IDs can 'e 'roadcast in a cell! and different )*s in a cell can
Page12! Total78
'elong to different )%As. There is one and only one valid )%A $hen the )* is in the
)%A=PC5 state. When the )* is in the )%A=PC5 state! if the )%A assigned to the
)* is not in the )%A ID list 'roadcast in the cell! the )* $ill initiate the )%A update
procedure. Fr! if the )* is in the service area 'ut T;27 e+pires! the )* $ill also
initiate the )%A update procedure.
In the case the )T%A& does not allocate a ne$ C%&TI or )%&TI to the )*
during the )%A update procedure! the procedure is as follo$s-
UE
UTRAN
1. URA UPDATE
2. URA UPDATE CONFIRM
Figure 2.1 URA update procedure 7no ne; CR#$ or UR#$ allocated9
The )* sends the )%A )PDAT* message to the )T%A& via the CCC5.
After processing the )%A )PDAT* message received from the )*! the )T%A&
sends the )%A )PDAT* CF&0I%M message to the )* and ends the )%A
update at its end. The )%A update procedure ends at the )* side after the )*
receives the )%A )PDAT* CF&0I%M message.
During the )%A update procedure! if the )T%A& allocates a ne$ C%&TI or
)%&TI to the )*! then there is the %&TI %*A,,FCATIF& CFMP,*T*
message sent 'y the )* to the )T%A& in the procedure.
3. Inter"system handover
The WCDMA system supports )* handover 'et$een the )T%A& and the e+isting
systems :such as the .SM/.P%S9. The inter"system handover falls into t$o cases-
5andover under net$or control :such as the .SM9 and cell reselection of the )*
:such as .P%S9! 'oth of $hich are further divided into handover"to )T%A& and
handover"from )T%A& cases. The follo$ing details the inter"system handover
procedure 'y taing the handover"to )T%A& under the net$or control as an
e+ample only. It only covers the signaling in the )T%A&.
5andover to )T%A&
Page16! Total78
)T%A&
C&
)*
6.%*,FCATIF& %*G)*ST
1. %*,FCATIF& %*G)*ST
ACJ&FW,*D.*
;. 5A&DFI*% TF )T%A&
CFMP,*T*
Figure 2.2 Hando:er8to U#RA procedure
69 The C& notifies the )T%A& that a )* is to 'e handed over to it via the
%elocation %e(uest message.
19 After getting the resources ready! the )T%A& sends the %elocation %e(uest
Acno$ledge message to the C&. This message carries the 5andover To
)T%A& Command message that is to 'e for$arded to the )* 'y the peer
system.
;9 After successfully handed over to the )T%A&! the )* sends the 5andover To
)T%A& Complete message to the )T%A&.
6./.6 S.-S .elocation
The %&C relocation refers to that the S%&C of the )* changes from one %&C to
another %&C. It is divided into t$o cases 'ased on the )* location at the time of
relocation- Static relocation and associated relocation! or in other $ords! )* &ot
Involved and )* Involved.
6. Static relocation
The precondition for the static relocation is that the )* accesses the net$or from
one and only one D%&C. Since the relocation procedure does not re(uire the )*@s
participation! it is also called the )* &ot Involved relocation. The follo$ing is an
e+ample of t$o radio lins. After the relocation! the original D%&C 'ecomes the
S%&C! the Iur interface connection is released! and the Iu interface migrates! as
sho$n in the follo$ing figure-
C
SRC
ODE)
CELL CELL
UE
DRC
ODE)
CELL CELL
ODE)
CELL CELL
UE
SRC
ODE)
CELL CELL
Old SRC
C
Figure 1.1 Static relocation procedure
Page11! Total78
There are t$o C& domains in the WCDMA system. When the relocation occurs! if the
)* has connections $ith 'oth of the C& domains! then the domains must 'e migrated
at the same time.
1. Associated relocation
Associated relocation refers to that the )* accesses the target %&C from the S%&C
via hard handover! and the Iu interface changes at the same time. Since the
relocation procedure re(uires the )*@s participation! it is also called the )* Involved
relocation. The connection change is sho$n in the follo$ing figure-
C
ODE)
CELL CELL
UE
SRC
ODE)
CELL CELL
#arget RC
C
ODE)
CELL CELL
UE
Old SRC
ODE)
CELL CELL
SRC
Figure 1.2 Associated relocation procedure
The < signaling procedures that can complete the hard handover can 'e used to
complete the associated relocation.
6.3 CS (o$ain ,o2ility ,anage$ent Procedures
6.3.1 &ocation !pdate
The location update procedure is completed through logical coordination 'et$een
entities such as 5,% and MSC/I,%. The 5,% stores the current location information
of each mo'ile su'scri'er and all the su'scri'er data# the I,% stores the su'scri'er
data of the su'scri'ers roaming to the location area under its control# and the MSC
processes the location registration procedure of each mo'ile su'scri'er! has dialog
$ith the mo'ile su'scri'ers and e+changes information $ith 5,% and I,%.
The location update procedure includes location registration! periodic location
registration and su'scri'er data deletion.
6. ,ocation registration
It is to e+ecute the )pdate ,ocation operation of MAP. Different types of location
registration can 'e distinguished through the )pdate ,ocation Type parameter in the
)pdate ,ocation %e(uest message.
The follo$ing condition can trigger the normal location registration procedure of a
mo'ile su'scri'er-
Page1;! Total78
When the )* is s$itched on or the mo'ile su'scri'er roams to cause the change of
his location. The )pdate ,ocation Type indicates IMSI Attach in the case of )*
s$itch"on $hile &ormal )pdating in the case of su'scri'er roaming.
The )* compares the ,AI in the 'roadcast message it has received $ith the ,AI
stored in itself. If these t$o ,AIs are the same! the )* $ill initiate the IMSI Attach
procedure# other$ise it $ill initiate the &ormal )pdating operation.
1. Periodic location registration
It is to e+ecute the )pdate ,ocation operation of MAP and the )pdate ,ocation Type
parameter in the )pdate ,ocation %e(uest message indicates Periodic )pdating.
Through periodic location registration :location update9! the P,M& can eep trac of
the current state of each mo'ile su'scri'er! especially those su'scri'ers that have no
operation for a long period of time. The location update period and the protection time
can 'e set and adAusted 'y the P,M& operator according to the specific traffic and
su'scri'er ha'its.
;. Su'scri'er data deletion
It is to e+ecute the Cancel ,ocation operation of MAP.
Through su'scri'er data deletion! su'scri'er records can 'e deleted from the I,%
and the cases include the su'scri'er data deletion caused 'y su'scri'er roaming!
that caused 'y no su'scri'er operation for a long period of time and the deletion of
the invalid su'scri'er data 'y system administrators.
The purpose of su'scri'er data deletion is to ena'le the 5,% to delete the old
su'scri'er information in the I,% at the time of location update or ena'le the
independent location deletion triggered 'y su'scri'er data modification and allo$
operating staff to delete the su'scri'er location information.
The follo$ing figure depicts a typical location update flo$ that 'asically comprises the
a'ove three procedures.
Page13! Total78
Figure 1.1 Location update flo;
69 The MSC/I,% receives the location update re(uest initiated 'y the su'scri'er
$ith TMSI. If the TMSI is not no$n-
A. If the carried old location information indicates the location area of an adAacent
I,%! the MSC/I,% $ill initiate the procedure for getting the identification from
PI,%. 0or details! refer to the S*&D ID*&TI0ICATIF& procedure indicated in
the a'ove figure.
B. If the old location area is one of a non"adAacent I,% or the re(uest for
identification from PI,% fails! the MSC/I,% $ill initiate a procedure :not
indicated in the a'ove figure9 to re(uest the )* to provide the IMSI. 0or details!
refer to the su'se(uent sections.
19 If it is the first time for the su'scri'er to register its location in the current I,%! a
location update re(uest $ill 'e initiated to the 5,%. Fther$ise! the ,FCATIF&
)PDATI&. ACC*PT procedure $ill follo$ directly.
;9 If the 5,% finds that the MSC/I,% num'er involved in su'scri'er roaming has
changed upon receipt of the location update re(uest from MSC/I,%! it $ill
initiate the CA&C*, ,FCATIF& procedure to PI,% so as to delete the
su'scri'er information in PI,%.
39 If the roaming re(uest is reAected! the 5,% $ill directly initiate a location update
response $ith the reAect information to the MSC/I,%# other$ise it $ill insert
su'scri'er data to the MSC/I,% 'efore deciding to accept or reAect the location
update re(uest according to the result of su'scri'er data insertion.
6.3.2 (etach$ent
The detachment procedure is the procedure of IMSI Detach initiated 'y the )* upon
s$itch"off! after $hich the MSC/I,% $ill set the su'scri'er state to IMSI detached. It
should 'e noted that this procedure $ill not 'e notified to the 5,%. This is different
from the Purge procedure! 'ecause the 5,% contains no Detach/Attach state
indicator 'it for the su'scri'er 'ut the Purge procedure involves this indicator 'it. 0or
details! refer to the su'se(uent Purge operation descriptions.
Page1<! Total78
If the su'scri'er is called! the 5,% $ill re(uest for a roaming num'er from I,%
through the Provide %oaming &um'er procedure. Since the su'scri'er is detached!
the Provide %oaming &um'er procedure $ill fail $ith the cause value of A'sent
Su'scri'er returned and the calling MSC $ill play the su'scri'er s$itch"off
announcement to the calling )* according to this cause value.
The detachment procedure is sho$n in the follo$ing figure.
Figure 1.1 S;itch8off procedure
0or some models of )*s! the Detach procedure may also 'e initiated if the )* is
s$itched off during the conversation.
6.3.+ dentification
The identification procedure taes place at the Iu interface so that the net$or can
provide IM*I or IMSI information to the )*. The Identity procedure is e+ecuted for
su'scri'er identification.
There are t$o types of Identity procedures-
When the I,% does not contain any IM*I of the )*! one Identity procedure $ill
'e forced for e+ecution and the net$or $ill initiate a re(uest for the IM*I to the
)* through the Identity %e(uest message $hile the )* $ill provide the IM*I to
the net$or through the Identity %esponse message.
The typical cases are the first location update of the )*! the invalidity of su'scri'er
IM*I stored in the I,% :note that this $ill not affect the su'scri'ers since presently
IM*I authentication is not yet applied9.
When the TMSI is unidentifia'le during location update! one Identity procedure
$ill also 'e forced for e+ecution and the net$or $ill initiate a re(uest for the
IMSI to the )* through the Identity %e(uest message $hile the )* $ill provide
the IMSI to the net$or through the Identity %esponse message.
The typical cases include su'scri'er roaming and the areas $ithout using the TMSI.
Figure 1.1 $DE#$#4 procedure
Page17! Total78
6.3./ Purge
The Purge procedure refers to the I,%"initiated purge MS procedure! that is! the
Purge )* procedure in MAP. It is used for the I,% to report its su'scri'er deletion
operation to the 5,%. Different from the IMSI Detach procedure descri'ed in the
previous section! the Purge )* procedure should 'e notified to the 5,%! so that the
5,% $ill set the )* Purge 0lag of this )* upon receipt of the Purge )* message to
indicate that the su'scri'er data have 'een purged from the I,%.
If the su'scri'er is called! the 5,% $ill (uery the )* Purge 0lag $hen the calling )*
(ueries the 5,% in the Send %outing Information procedure. Since the )* Purge 0lag
has 'een set! the 5,% $ill return the cause value of A'sent Su'scri'er to the MSC
and the calling MSC $ill play the su'scri'er s$itch"off announcement to the calling
)* according to this cause value. This procedure does not involve the Provide
%oaming &um'er operation from the 5,% to the I,%.
Figure 1.1 PUR3E procedure
6.3.3 *uthentication Procedure
A successful authentication procedure can 'e e+pressed 'y a flo$ chart! as sho$n in
the follo$ing figure.
Figure 1.1 Authentication success
The authentication procedure is initiated 'y the net$or to chec if the )* is allo$ed
to access the net$or! provide the random num'er array in the authentication
(uintuple for the )* to calculate the Ciphering Jey :CJ9! allo$ the )* to calculate the
Integrity Jey :IJ9 for consistency chec 'et$een the )* and the net$or! as $ell as
providing the )*@s authentication of the net$or.
Compared $ith the .SM authentication procedure! the ;. authentication procedure
has the additional consistency chec function and the function of the )* to
authenticate the net$or. All these functions contri'ute to the enhanced ;. security
features.
Page18! Total78
Before the net$or initiates the authentication procedure and if the I,% does not
contain any authentication (uintuple! the procedure of re(uesting an authentication
set from the 5,% $ill 'e initiated to $ait for the return of the authentication (uintuple.
The authentication (uintuple contains such information as %A&D! >%*S! A)T&! CJ
and IJ.
After detecting the presence of the authentication (uintuple! the net$or $ill send an
authentication re(uest message! $hich contains the %A&D and A)T& information of
a certain (uintuple. )pon receipt of this message! the )* $ill have its )SIM card
chec the A)T&! that is! the )* $ill authenticate the net$or. If the net$or is
accepted! the )SIM card $ill use the %A&D to calculate the CJ! the IJ and the %*S.
If the )SIM card determines that the authentication succeeds! the %*S $ill 'e
returned in the authentication response message.
)pon receipt of the authentication response message! the net$or $ill compare the
%*S in this message $ith the >%*S in the authentication (uintuple stored in the I,%
data'ase to verify if the authentication is successful or not. If the authentication is
successful! the su'se(uent procedures $ill normally continue# other$ise the
e+ception handling procedure $ill 'e initiated to release the connection 'et$een the
net$or and the )* as $ell as the occupied net$or and radio resources.
After the successful authentication! the )* $ill store the CJ and the IJ in its )SIM
card.
In some cases! the )* $ill report authentication failure upon receipt of the
authentication re(uest message. There are t$o typical causes of authentication
failure-
When authenticating the net$or! the )* $ill chec the A)T& parameter in the
authentication re(uest message sent from the net$or. If the MAC information is
incorrect! the )* $ill report the authentication failure information $ith the cause value
'eing CMAC 0ailureD.
Figure 1.2 Authentication failure 7cause :alue2 (AC Failure9
At this time! the net$or $ill decide if to initiate the Identity procedure according to the
su'scri'er identity reported 'y the )*. If the current identity is TMSI or P"TMSI! it $ill
Page14! Total78
initiate the Identity procedure and re(uest the )* to report the IMSI information
'efore re"initiating the authentication procedure.
Another cause of authentication failure is that the )* detects the SG& error in the
A)T& message $ith the cause value 'eing CSynch failureD.
Figure 1.3 Authentication failure 7cause :alue2 S0nch failure9
At this time! the I,% at the net$or side $ill delete all the authentication (uintuples
and initiate the procedure of synchroniBation to the 5,% to re(uest the 5,% to re"
insert the authentication (uintuple 'efore the re"authentication procedure is started.
6.3.6 Secure ,ode Control
The secure mode control procedure is used 'y the net$or to send ciphering
information to the %A&. In this process! the core net$or $ill negotiate $ith the %A&
on the ciphering algorithm for the )* so that the )* can use this ciphering algorithm
in the su'se(uent service transfer procedure and shall try the 'est to use this
ciphering algorithm after the )* handover! that is! the relevant parameters for
ciphering $ill 'e sent to the handover destination %&C.
Figure 1.1 Secure mode control
6.3.4 T,S .eallocation
A TMSI :Temporary Mo'ile Su'scri'er Identity9 is a series of digits :3 'ytes9
temporarily assigned to a su'scri'er. It is managed 'y the MSC/I,%! assigned to a
su'scri'er $hen the su'scri'er is registered for the first time in a location area and
deleted $hen the su'scri'er leaves this location area. It is used to uni(uely identify
the MS in a location area and is transmitted on the radio channels in place of IMSI to
Page1E! Total78
prevent any third party from intercepting the signals over the radio channels and/or
tracing the mo'ile su'scri'er. Therefore! the 'asic purpose of TMSI is to enhance
the security of the MS.
The correspondence 'et$een TMSIs and IMSIs is stored in the I,% that manages
the current visited location area of the MS! and the ne$ TMSI is also stored in the
SIM card of the MS. We can see that the TMSI is stored in 'oth the I,% and the SIM
card.
The TMSI reallocation procedure may tae place during su'scri'er location update!
call setup and supplementary service procedures. It can 'e implemented 'y selecting
the e+ecution of the TMSI reallocation procedure in the MAP functional procedures of
MSC.
The TMSI reallocation procedure during location update is integrated $ith the location
update accept. The flo$ chart is sho$n in the follo$ing figure-
Figure 1.1 #(S$ reallocation during location update
Page;2! Total78
5 -ote6
Among the mo/ilit0 management procedures- the procedures of authentication- securit0 mode control
and #(S$ reallocation are optional and net;or< operators ma0 decide ;hether to acti:ate or pro:ision
them"
For e=ample- this is implemented /0 the (AP functional procedure configuration parameters in the
(SC65>>"
6.3.7 Co$2ined &ocation !pdate
When 'oth the location area and the routing area of a )* have changed! the
com'ined location update procedure $ill 'e initiated and the location update
procedure $ill 'e initiated simultaneously in the PS domain and the CS domain. The
CS domain at the net$or side is connected via the .s interface $ith the PS domain
:$hen the CS domain and the CS domain of the core net$or are separated in the
net$oring! the follo$ing descriptions $ill use the MSC to represent the CS domain
$hile the S.S& to represent the PS domain9. The .s interface adopts the BSSAPK
protocol in the SS8 signaling system and ena'les the CS domain and the PS domain
to mutually update the MS location information stored in the data'ases! so as to
reduce the air interface signaling and help the MSC page the Class B MS ongoing
$ith the .P%S service.
The follo$ing figure sho$s a typical com'ined location update procedure.
Page;6! Total78
Figure 1.1 Com/ined location update
69 )pon receipt of the %A update re(uest from the MS! the S.S& may initiate the
location update procedure to the 5,% $hen necessary.
19 If the .s interface has 'een configured 'et$een the S.S& and the MSC/I,%!
the S.&S $ill initiate the com'ined location update procedure to the MSC/I,%#
other$ise the %A )pdate Accept message $ill 'e directly sent.
;9 )pon receipt of the location update re(uest from the S.S&! the MSC/I,%
updates the MS location and stores the relevant data.
39 )pon receipt of the ,ocation )pdate Accept message from the 5,%! the
MSC/I,% sends it via the .s interface to the S.S&.
<9 )pon receipt of the ,ocation )pdate Accept message from the MSC/I,%! the
S.S& sets the relevant data and sends the %outing Area )pdate Accept
message. If the TMSI reallocation procedure has 'een e+ecuted! the S.S& $ill
send the TMSI %eallocation Complete message received from the MS to the
MSC/I,% to finish the com'ined location update procedure.
Page;1! Total78
6.6 PS (o$ain ,o2ility ,anage$ent Procedures
6.6.1 ,, )unction Overview
The maAor role of Mo'ility Management :MM9 is to trac the current location of a
su'scri'er in the home P,M& or other P,M&s. 0or instance! if a su'scri'er $ants to
log in to the .P%S net$or! the Attach procedure :$hich is a 'asic procedure of MM9
must 'e e+ecuted first! so as to register his related information in the core net$or.
The MM! SM :Session Management9 and SMS :Short Message Services9 together
form the connection layer of the ;.PP protocols. Among them! MM is located a'ove
the %A&AP layer to provide signaling transport for SM and SMS in the )MTS. The
other functions of MM also include the su'scri'er detachment! security! routing area
update and location update procedures.
6. Terminologies
.MM/PMM
.MM- .P%S Mo'ility Management :different from CMM Circuit Mo'ility
Management9
PMM- Pacet Mo'ility Management
5ere $e can simply regard the .MM as mo'ility management in the .SM system
and the PMM as mo'ility management in the )MTS system. This document focuses
on the PS domain MM features of the )MTS system.
%A&AP
%A&AP :%adio Access &et$or Application Part9 encapsulates and transports higher"
layer signaling! processes the signaling 'et$een the ;."S.S& and the )T%A&! and
manages the .TP connections at the Iu interface.
MM CF&T*>T
The MM Conte+t includes su'scri'er data and the authentication set.
The position of .MM in the protocol stac is illustrated in the follo$ing figure.
RLC
RRC
L1
&MM 2
SM 2 SMS
RRC
MAC
ATM
RANAP
AAL3
Rela1
ATM
AAL3
)& S&SN RNS MS
I*/Ps %*
RLC SCCP
Signalling
4earer
MAC
L1
Signalling
4earer
RANAP
SCCP
&MM 2
SM 2 SMS
Figure 1.1 Control plane protocols at the (S side and the net;or< side of the PS domain in the U(#S
Page;;! Total78
6.6.2 ,o2ility ,anage$ent State
The PMM states in the )MTS include PMM"D*TAC5*D! PMM"ID,* and PMM"
CF&&*CT*D.
PMM D*TAC5*D State
In this state! the MS does not communicate $ith the ;."S.S& and there is no valid
location or routing information. The MS is unreacha'le and the MS location is
unno$n.
PMM ID,* State
In this state! the MS location is no$n 'ut the MS is idle.
PMM CF&&*CT*D State
In this state! the MS location is no$n and the PS signaling connection has 'een
esta'lished.
The specific state transitions of PMM are depicted in the follo$ing figure! $here $e
can see that the SM may 'e in the active or inactive state $hen the PMM is in the
connected or idle state! that is! the MM state is only related to the MM state of .P%S
and it has nothing to do $ith the PDP Conte+t state or (uantity.
&ote- In the case of errors! the MS state may 'e not synchronous $ith the net$or
state and their synchroniBation can 'e achieved through the routing area update
procedure.
Figure 1.1 P(( state transitions of the U(#S
6.6.+ *ssociation Between SGS- and ,SC89&.
The .s interface is specified 'et$een the S.S& and MSC/I,% in the )MTS. Their
association is esta'lished through the follo$ing procedures-
Com'ined .P%S/IMSI Attach/Detach procedure
IMSI"attached .P%S Attach procedure
.P%S"attached IMSI Attach procedure :com'ined %A update9
After the .s interface association has 'een esta'lished! the system can implement
the follo$ing procedures no$-
Page;3! Total78
69 CS Paging-
The MSC/I,% can send the CS paging information via the S.S& to a su'scri'er in
the com'ined attachment procedure.
19 &on".P%S Alert
The MSC/I,% $ill re(uest the S.S& to notify the activity information of the MS to
itself and it $ill set the &.A0 :&on".P%S Alert 0lag9 so that the S.S& MM $ill notify
the su'scri'er activity once detected to the MSC/I,% and the &.A0 $ill 'e cleared
then.
;9 MS Information Procedure
When the MSC/I,% needs the su'scri'er identity and location information! it may
o'tain such information via the .s interface from the local S.S& or it may send a
re(uest for such information via the S.S& to get the needed information.
39 MM Information Procedure
The MSC/I,% may send the net$or information via the S.S& to a su'scri'er and
the S.S& $ill pass on the information.
6.6./ Co$2ined GP.S8,S *ttach Procedure
Figure 1.1 Attach procedure
Page;<! Total78
&ote- The C6 as indicated in the a'ove figure is a CAM*, point $here intelligent
services can 'e triggered or performed. In the su'se(uent flo$ charts such points as
C6! C1 and C; are all CAM*, points.
69 The MS sends an Attach %e(uest message to initiate the Attach procedure. The
Attach %e(uest message contains such parameters as IMSI or P"TMSI and old
%AI! Attach Type! old P"TMSI Signature and 0ollo$ Fn %e(uest. If the
su'scri'er has no legal P"TMSI! the message $ill carry an IMSI# or if the
su'scri'er has a legal P"TMSI! it should then carry the P"TMSI and the matched
%AI or even the P"TMSI signature! if any. The Attach Type parameter indicates
$hat ind of Attach procedure is re(uested 'y the MS- .P%S Attach! Com'ined
Attach or IMSI"attached .P%S Attach. The S.&S may decide $hether to
release the pacet service signaling connection of the MS upon end of the Attach
procedure according to the 0ollo$ Fn %e(uest indication.
19 If the MS uses P"TMSI for attachment and the S.S& has 'een changed since
the last attachment! the ne$ S.S& should send an Identification %e(uest to the
old S.S& and this re(uest should carry the P"TMSI of the MS! the
corresponding %AI and the old P"TMSI signature! if any. The old S.S& should
then respond $ith the Identification %esponse message that carries the
su'scri'er@s IMSI and authentication set. If the MS is unno$n to the old S.S&!
the old S.S& shall return a response message $ith the related cause value# and
if the P"TMSI of the MS does not match the signature! the old S.S& should
return another response message along $ith the corresponding cause value.
;9 If the MS is unno$n to the old S.S&! the ne$ S.S& should initiate an Identity
%e(uest to the MS $ith the identity type indicating IMSI and the MS should then
report its o$n IMSI to the S.S&.
39 If the MM Conte+t of the MS does not e+ist in the net$or! the authentication
procedure is then needed. If P"TMSI reallocation is needed and the net$or
supports ciphering! the ciphering mode should also 'e set in this step.
<9 The IM*I chec as defined in the identity chec procedure taes place. This
function is currently not implemented.
79 If the S.S& num'er has changed since the last detachment or if it is the first
time of the MS to attach to the net$or! the S.S& should notify the 5,% of such.
The S.S& sends an )pdate ,ocation message :$ith the S.S& num'er! S.S&
address and IMSI9 to the 5,%# the 5,% sends the Cancel ,ocation message :$ith the
IMSI and the Cancel Type9 to the old S.S& and sets the Cancel Type to )pdate
Procedure# the old S.S& acno$ledges the Cancel ,ocation received from the 5,%
$ith the Cancel ,ocation Ac message :$ith the IMSI9# the 5,% sends the Insert
Su'scri'er Data message :$ith the IMSI and .P%S su'scri'er data9 to the ne$
S.S&# the ne$ S.S& acno$ledges the presence of the MS in the ne$ routing area!
and the S.S& should reAect the attachment re(uest of the MS $ith the appropriate
cause value and it may return the Insert Su'scri'er Data Ac message to the 5,% if
the su'scri'er data do not allo$ the MS to attach to this routing area. If the su'scri'er
data chec fails due to other causes! the S.S& should reAect the attachment re(uest
of the MS $ith the appropriate cause value and should also return the Insert
Su'scri'er Data Ac message to the 5,% :together $ith the IMSI and the cause
value9. If all the su'scri'er data have passed the chec! the S.S& $ill construct an
MM Conte+t for the su'scri'er and at the same time return the Insert Su'scri'er Data
Ac message :together $ith the IMSI in it9 to the 5,%. After deleting the old MM
Conte+t and inserting the ne$ one! the 5,% sends the )pdate ,ocation Ac message
to the S.S& to acno$ledge the )pdate ,ocation message from the S.S&. If the
)pdate ,ocation re(uest is reAected 'y the 5,%! the S.S& $ill carry the appropriate
cause value to reAect the attachment re(uest of the MS.
89 If the Attach Type discussed in Step 6 indicates the IMSI"attached .P%S Attach
or Com'ined Attach! the I,% should 'e updated! provided that the .s interface
has 'een configured. The I,% num'er can 'e e+ported from the routing area
Page;7! Total78
information! that is! the ,ocation )pdate procedure may start after the first Insert
Su'scri'er Data message is received from the 5,%. As a result! the su'scri'er
$ill 'e flagged as .P%S Attached in the I,%.
49 The S.S& selects the %adio Priority SMS and sends the Attach Accept message
:$ith the P"TMSI! I,% num'er! TMSI! P"TMSI signature and %adio Priority SMS9
to the MS. If another P"TMSI is reallocated! it should also 'e carried in this
message.
E9 If the P"TMSI or TMSI has changed! the MS should send an Attach Complete
message to the S.S& to acno$ledge the ne$ TMSI.
629 If the TMSI has changed! the S.S& $ill send the TMSI %eallocation Complete
message to the I,% to acno$ledge the reallocated TMSI.
If the attachment re(uest cannot 'e accepted! the S.S& should return the Attach
%eAect message :together $ith the IMSI and the Cause9 to the MS.
6.6.3 (etach Procedures
The Detach procedure may 'e MS"initiated! S.S&"initiated and 5,%"initiated. This
section only descri'es the first t$o detachment procedures.
6. MS"initiated detachment
).IMSIetachIndication
#.eletePPConte5tResponse
1.etachRe0*est
#.eletePPConte5tRe0*est
3.etachAccept
MS4SS2%TRAN&&SNS&SNMSC26LR
7.&PRSetachIndication
8.PSSignallingConnectionRelease
C1
Figure 1.1 (S8initiated detachment
69 The MS sends the Detach %e(uest message :$ith Detach Type! P"TMSI! P"
TMSI Signature and S$itch Fff9 to the S.S& to initiate the detachment
procedure. The Detach Type parameter indicates $hat ind of detachment
procedure is to 'e performed- .P%S Detach! IMSI Detach or Com'ined Detach.
The S$itch Fff parameter indicates $hether the Attach procedure is triggered 'y
the MS s$itch"off. The Detach %e(uest message carries the P"TMSI and P"
TMSI signature :to chec the legality of the detachment message9 of the MS. If
the signature of the MS is illegal or not carried! the S.S& should initiate the
authentication procedure.
19 In the case of .P%S Detach! the deactivation of the active PDP Conte+t that
e+ists in the ..S& and 'elongs to the su'scri'er is implemented $hen the
S.S& sends the Delete PDP Conte+t %e(uest message :$ith the T*ID9 to the
..S&. The ..S& should acno$ledge it $ith the Delete PDP Conte+t
%esponse message.
Page;8! Total78
;9 In the case of IMSI Detach! the S.S& should send the IMSI Detach Indication
message to the I,%.
39 If the su'scri'er needs to eep IMSI"attached $hile .P%S"detached! the S.S&
should send the .P%S Detach Indication message to the I,%. The I,%
removes its association $ith the S.S& and no longer initiates the Paging or
,ocation )pdate procedure via the S.S&.
<9 If the Detach procedure is initiated due to other reasons than MS s$itch"off! the
S.S& should return the Detach Accept message to the MS.
79 If the MS initiates the .P%S Detach procedure! the S.S& $ill release the PS
domain signaling connection.
1. S.S&"initiated detachment
Figure 6.1 S3S8initiated detachment
69 The S.S& notifies via the Detach %e(uest message :$ith the Detach Type
parameter9 that the MS has 'een detached. The Detach Type parameter
indicates $hether the MS re(uests for re"attachment and re"activation of the
original active PDP Conte+t 'efore the detachment procedure. If yes! the Attach
procedure $ill 'e initiated upon completion of the Detach procedure.
19 The S.S& notifies the ..S& of the Delete PDP Conte+t %e(uest message
:$ith the T*ID carried9! so as to re(uest the ..S& to deactivate the active PDP
Conte+t of the MS. The ..S& should acno$ledge it $ith the Delete PDP
Conte+t %esponse message.
;9 In the case of com'ined attachment! the S.S& should send the .P%S Detach
Indication message :$ith the MS IMSI9 to notify the I,% of such. The I,%
removes its association $ith the S.S& and no longer conducts paging and
location updating via the S.S&.
39 The MS may! upon receipt of the Detach %e(uest from the S.S&! send the
Detach Accept message at any time to the S.S&.
<9 )pon receipt of the Detach Accept message from the MS! the S.S& $ill release
the PS signaling connection if the Detach Type does not indicate the
reattachment re(uest of the MS.
Page;4! Total78
6.6.6 Security Procedure :*uthentication 5 Ciphering#
1. Send A*thentication In,o
#. A*thentication and Ciphering Re0*est
1. Send A*thentication In,o Ac9
#. A*thentication and Ciphering Response
MS 4SS2%TRAN :LR S&SN
Figure 1.1 Authentication and ciphering
69 If the S.S& does not contain any old )MTS authentication (uintuple! it $ill send
a Send Authentication Info message :$ith IMSI9. )pon receipt of this message!
the 5,%/A)C shall respond $ith the Send Authentication Info Ac message that
includes the se(uentially arranged (uintuples. *ach (uintuple contains such
information as %A&D! >%*S! A)T&! CJ and IJ. 0or the generation of such a
(uintuple! refer to ;. TS ;;.621.
19 During the authentication of the )MTS su'scri'er! the S.S& $ill select the ne+t
(uintuple and carry the %A&D and A)T& parameters of this (uintuple in the
Authentication and Ciphering %e(uest message 'efore sending the message to
the MS. The S.S& $ill also select a CJS& and carries it in this message.
;9 )pon receipt of this message! the MS $ill have its )SIM card authenticate the
A)T&. If the A)T& is accepted! the MS $ill calculate the signed %*S of the
%A&D according to the ;. TS ;;.621 protocol. If the )SIM card determines that
the authentication succeeds! the MS $ill return the Authentication and Ciphering
%esponse message :%*S9 to the S.S&. Mean$hile! the )SIM card of the MS
$ill also calculate the CJ and IJ. These eys $ill 'e stored together $ith the
CJS& until the CJS& is updated at the ne+t authentication.
If the )SIM card determines that the authentication fails :e.g. authentication
synchroniBation error9! the MS $ill return the Authentication and Ciphering 0ailure
message to the S.S&.
Page;E! Total78
6.6.4 &ocation ,anage$ent :.outing *rea !pdate#
Figure 1.1 Routing area update
69 The %%C connection must 'e esta'lished first if there is no e+isting %%C
connection. The MS sends the %outing Area )pdate %e(uest message :$ith
such parameters as P"TMSI! Fld %AI! Fld P"TMSI Signature! %outing Area
)pdate Type and 0ollo$ Fn %e(uest9 to the ne$ S.S&. If the MS has signaling
or data to 'e uploaded! the 0ollo$ Fn %e(uest should 'e set. As an
implementation option! the S.S& may decide $hether to release the Iu
connection upon end of the routing area update procedure according to the
0ollo$ Fn %e(uest flag. The %outing Area )pdate Type parameter should
indicate the follo$ing-
%outing area update! provided that the procedure is caused 'y routing area changes#
Periodic routing area update! provided that the procedure is caused 'y e+piry of the
periodic routing area update timer#
Page32! Total78
Com'ined routing area update! provided that the MS is IMSI attached and the
location area update needs to 'e operated in the net$or operation mode I#
Com'ined routing area update $ith IMSI attach! provided that the MS $ants the IMSI
Attach procedure to tae place in the net$or operation mode I#
The Serving %&C :S%&C9 should add the %AI :including the routing area code and
the location area code9 of the su'scri'er location to the front of the %outing Area
)pdate %e(uest message 'efore for$arding it to the S.S&.
19 In the case of inter"S.S& routing area update and provided that the MS is in the
PMM"ID,* state! the ne$ S.S& $ill send the S.S& Conte+t %e(uest message
:$ith the old P"TMSI! old %AI and old P"TMSI signature of the MS9 to the old
S.S&! so as to get the MM Conte+t and the PDP Conte+t of the MS. The old
S.S& shall chec the P"TMSI and signature of the MS and turn the appropriate
cause value in the case of mismatch. In that case! the ne$ S.S& $ill initiate the
security procedure. If the MS passes authentication of the security procedure!
the ne$ S.S& should send the S.S& Conte+t %e(uest message :$ith the IMSI!
old %AI and the MS authenticated flag9 to the old S.S&. The MS authenticated
flag indicates that the ne$ S.S& has authenticated the MS. If the signature of
the MS is legal or the ne$ S.S& has successfully authenticated the MS! the old
S.S& $ill return the S.S& Conte+t %esponse message :$ith such parameters
as Cause! IMSI! MM Conte+t and PDP Conte+t9. If the MS is unno$n to the old
S.S&! the old S.S& should return the appropriate cause value and $ill start the
timer.
;9 The security procedure may tae place here. If the authentication fails! the
routing area update re(uest $ill 'e reAected and the ne$ S.S& should send the
%eAect Indication to the old S.S&. The old S.S& should continue as if it had
never received the S.S& Conte+t %e(uest message.
39 In the case of inter"S.S& routing area update! the ne$ S.S& should send the
S.S& Conte+t Ac message to the old S.S&. The old S.S& mars the
MSC/I,% association and the information in the ..S& and 5,% as illegal in its
S.S& Conte+t. If the MS initiates the routing area update to the old S.S& again
'efore the ongoing routing area update procedure is complete! the update of
MSC/I,%! ..S& and 5,% $ill 'e triggered.
<9 In the case of inter"S.S& routing area update and provided that the MS is in the
PMM"ID,* state! the ne$ S.S& shall send the Modify PDP Conte+t %e(uest
message :$ith the ne$ S.S& address and the negotiated GoS and T*ID
information9 to the relevant ..S&. The ..S& shall update its PDP Conte+t and
return the Modify PDP Conte+t %esponse message :$ith T*ID9 to the S.S&.
79 In the case of inter"S.S& routing area update! the S.S& shall send the )pdate
,ocation message :$ith the S.S& num'er! S.S& address and IMSI9 to the
5,%! so as to notify the 5,% of the S.S& change.
89 In the case of inter"S.S& routing area update! the 5,% shall send the Cancel
,ocation message :$ith the IMSI and the Cancel Type parameters9 to the old
S.S& and the Cancel Type $ill 'e set to C)pdate ProcedureD. The old S.S&
shall return the Cancel ,ocation Ac message :$ith the IMSI9 to the 5,% for
acno$ledgement.
49 In the case of inter"S.S& routing area update! the 5,% $ill send the Insert
Su'scri'er Data message :$ith the IMSI and .P%S su'scri'er data9 to the ne$
S.S&. The ne$ S.S& acno$ledges the presence of the MS in the ne$ routing
area! and it should reAect the attachment re(uest of the MS $ith the appropriate
cause value and may return the Insert Su'scri'er Data Ac message to the 5,%
if the su'scri'er data do not allo$ the MS to attach to this routing area. If the
su'scri'er data chec fails due to other causes! the S.S& should reAect the
attachment re(uest of the MS $ith the appropriate cause value and should also
return the Insert Su'scri'er Data Ac message to the 5,% :together $ith the
IMSI and the cause value9. If all the su'scri'er data have passed the chec! the
Page36! Total78
S.S& $ill construct an MM Conte+t for the su'scri'er and at the same time
return the Insert Su'scri'er Data Ac message :together $ith the IMSI in it9 to
the 5,%.
E9 In the case of inter"S.S& routing area update! the 5,% $ill! after deleting the old
MM Conte+t and inserting the ne$ one! send the )pdate ,ocation Ac message
to the S.S& to acno$ledge the )pdate ,ocation message from the S.S&.
629 If the %outing Area )pdate Type indicates the Com'ined %outing Area )pdate
$ith IMSI Attach or if the location area changes! the association 'et$een the
S.S& and the I,% must 'e esta'lished. The ne$ S.S& sends the ,ocation
)pdate %e(uest message :$ith the ne$ %AI! IMSI! S.S& num'er and %outing
Area )pdate Type9 to the I,%. If the %outing Area )pdate Type indicates the
Com'ined %outing Area )pdate $ith IMSI Attach! the ,ocation Area )pdate Type
should indicate the IMSI Attach. Fther$ise! it should indicate the normal location
area update. The I,% num'er is o'tained after the S.S& is (ueried $ith the
%AI. At Step 4 descri'ed a'ove! that is! upon receipt of the first Insert Su'scri'er
Data message from the 5,%! the S.S& may start the ,ocation )pdate
procedure no$. The I,% creates or updates its association $ith the S.S& 'y
storing the S.S& num'er.
669 If the su'scri'er data in the I,% are mared as unacno$ledged 'y the 5,%!
the ne$ I,% $ill notify this to the 5,%. And the 5,% $ill delete the old I,% data
and insert the su'scri'er data to the ne$ I,%.
619 The ne$ I,% allocates a ne$ TMSI and returns the ,ocation )pdate Accept
:$ith the I,% num'er and TMSI9 to the S.S&. If the I,% does not change! the
TMSI allocation here is optional.
6;9 The ne$ S.S& acno$ledges the presence of the MS in the ne$ routing area. If
the su'scri'er data do not allo$ the MS to attach to this routing area or the
su'scri'er data chec fails! the S.S& should reAect the attachment re(uest of
the MS $ith the appropriate cause value. If all the su'scri'er data have passed
the chec! the S.S& shall construct an MM Conte+t for the MS. The ne$ S.S&
$ill return the %outing Area )pdate Accept message :$ith the P"TMSI! I,%TMSI
and P"TMSI signature9 to the MS.
639 The MS sends the Attach Complete message to the S.S& to acno$ledge the
ne$ TMSI.
6<9 If the TMSI has changed! the S.S& $ill send the TMSI %eallocation Complete
message to the I,% to acno$ledge the reallocated TMSI.
If the attachment re(uest cannot 'e accepted! the S.S& should return the Attach
%eAect message :together $ith the IMSI and the Cause9 to the MS.
&ote- Steps 66! 61 and 6< $ill not tae place unless Step 62 taes place.
Page31! Total78
6.6.7 Service .e0uest
6. MS"initiated service re(uest
Figure 1.1 (S8initiated ser:ice re?uest
69 The MS esta'lishes the %%C connection first if there is no e+isting CS channel.
19 The MS sends the Service %e(uest message :$ith P"TMSI! PAI! CJS& and
Service Type9 to the S.S&. The Service Type parameter defines the re(uired
service. It is either data or signaling. At this time! the S.S& may initiate an
authentication procedure.
If the Service Type parameter indicates data! the signaling connection 'et$een the
MS and the S.S& $ill 'e esta'lished and resources $ill 'e reserved simultaneously
for the active PDP Conte+t.
If the Service Type parameter indicates signaling! the signaling connection for
transmitting upper"layer signaling 'et$een the MS and the S.S& $ill 'e esta'lished.
;9 If the MS initiates a service re(uest in the PMM"ID,* state! the S.S& $ill initiate
the security procedure.
39 If the net$or is in the PMM"CF&&*CT*D state and the Service Type indicates
data! the S.S& $ill return a Service Accept message to the MS to accept the
service re(uest# if the Service Type indicates data! the S.S& $ill send a %adio
Access Bearer Assignment %e(uest message that carries &SAPI%AB ID:s9!
T*ID:s9! GoS Profile:s9 and S.S& IP Address:es9 to re"esta'lish the %AB to
each active PDP Conte+t.
<9 The %&C indicates to the MS that the ne$ %AB has 'een esta'lished :together
$ith the %AB ID9.
79 The S%&C sends a %adio Access Bearer Assignment %esponse that carries
%AB ID:s9! T*ID:s9! GoS Profile:s9 and %&C IP Address:es9. The .TP tunnel
has already 'een esta'lished over the Iu interface. If the %&C returns the %adio
Access Bearer Assignment %esponse message and the cause value indicates
the re(uired GoS cannot 'e provided :%e(uested Ma+imum Bit %ate not
Availa'le9! the S.S& $ill send another %adio Access Bearer Assignment
%e(uest message that carries a different GoS. The num'er of retries and the
ne$ GoS value are implementation"dependent.
Page3;! Total78
89 0or the modified GoS in each %AB re"esta'lishment! the S.S& $ill initiate a
PDP Conte+t modification procedure to notify the MS and the ..S& of the ne$
negotiated GoS.
49 The MS sends an uplin PD).
The Service Accept message does not mean that the %AB:s9 reesta'lishment is
successful.
Whatever Service Type! the net$or $ill return a Service %eAect message $ith the
appropriate cause value to the MS if the service re(uest cannot 'e accepted.
When the Service Type indicates data and if the S.S& fails to reesta'lish the
%AB:s9! the S.S& $ill initiate a PDP Conte+t modification procedure or deactivates
the PDP Conte+t. The specific conditions depend on the GoS negotiation.
1. &et$or"initiated service re(uest
Figure 8.1 et;or<8initiated ser:ice re?uest
69 The S.S& receives the do$nlin PDP PD) from the MS in the PMM"ID,* state.
19 The S.S& sends a paging message to the %&C and the %&C sends the paging
message to page the MS.
;9 The MS esta'lishes the %%C connection first if there is no e+isting CS channel.
Service Type9 to the S.S&. The Service Type is set as the paging response. At
this time! the S.S& may initiate an authentication procedure. The S.S& no$s
$hether the do$nlin PD) needs %AB reesta'lishment.
<9 The S.S& specifies the ciphering mode.
79 The S%&C sends a %adio Access Bearer Assignment %e(uest that carries %AB
ID:s9! T*ID:s9! GoS Profile:s9 and S.S& IP Address:es9 to the %&C if the
resource reesta'lishment is needed for the PDP Conte+t. The %&C sends the
%adio Bearer Setup message that carries the %AB ID:s9 to the MS. In return! the
MS sends the %adio Bearer Setup Complete message to the %&C. The %&C
sends the %adio Access Bearer Assignment %esponse message that carries
%AB ID:s9! T*ID:s9 and %&C IP Address:es9 to the S.S&! indicating that the
Page33! Total78
.TP tunnel has 'een esta'lished on the Iu interface and the %AB 'et$een the
%&C and the MS has also 'een esta'lished. If the cause value carried in the
%adio Access Bearer Assignment %esponse message returned 'y the %&C
indicates that the re(uired GoS is not availa'le :C%e(uested Ma+imum Bit %ate
not Availa'leD9! the S.S& $ill send the ne$ %adio Access Bearer Assignment
%e(uest message that carries a different GoS. The num'er of retries and the
ne$ GoS parameter are related to the product implementation.
89 0or the modified GoS in each %AB re"esta'lishment! the S.S& $ill initiate a
PDP Conte+t modification procedure to notify the MS and the ..S& of the ne$
GoS.
49 The S.S& sends a do$nlin PD).
If the Service Type is set as paging response! the MS $ill regard the service re(uest
as having 'een successfully received 'y the S.S& upon receipt of the Secure Mode
Control message from the %%C.
If the S.S& fails to reesta'lish the %AB:s9! it $ill initiate a PDP Conte+t modification
procedure.
6.4 Call Control
6.4.1 ,o2ile;originated Call Setup
To initiate a call! the )* needs to esta'lish communication $ith the net$or via radio
interface signaling and send a message that contains the called su'scri'er num'er!
i.e. the S*T)P message on the Iu interface. The C& $ill esta'lish a communication
channel to the )* and use the o'tained called party )*%& to create an IAM/IAI
message 'efore sending the message to the called party. &ote that the IAM/IAI
message is not involved in the intra"office calls and it only e+ists on the * interface.
Page3<! Total78
Figure 1.1 (o/ile8originated call setup procedure
69 The )* sends a C5A&&*, %*G)*ST message to the net$or over the random
access channel.
19 The net$or responds $ith an IMM*DIAT* ASSI.&M*&T message so that the
)* can occupy the specified dedicated channel.
;9 The )* sends a CM S*%IIC* %*G)*ST message to the C&.
39 The net$or initiates the authentication and ciphering procedures.
<9 After sending the S*C)%IT? MFD* CFMP,*T* message! the )* sends the
S*T)P message to the C& to initiate the call setup procedure.
79 The C& responds $ith a CA,, P%FC**DI&. message.
89 In the case of immediate assignment! a communication channel must 'e
assigned to the )* 'efore the C& initiates the call setup procedure to the fi+ed
net$or.
49 When the called party rings! the net$or must send an A,*%TI&. message to
the calling )* upon receipt of the A,*%TI&. message from the called party.
Mean$hile! it also needs to send a ring'ac tone to the calling party.
E9 When the called party ans$ers! it $ill send a CF&&*CT message to the net$or
and the net$or $ill for$ard this message to the calling party.
629 When the calling )* returns a CF&&*CT ACJ&FW,*D.* message! the call
setup procedure is complete.
6.4.2 ,o2ile;ter$inated Call Setup
A mo'ile"terminated call procedure is e+ecuted $hen the mo'ile su'scri'er is called.
And the call setup procedure is initiated 'y the net$or.
If the incoming call is allo$ed for setup after C& receives the IAM/IAI message or
gets the MS%& from $ithin the local office! the C& must page the )* via radio
Page37! Total78
interface signaling. When the )* responds $ith the PA.I&. %*SPF&S* message!
the C& $ill esta'lish a communication channel to the )* upon receipt of this
message.
Figure 1.1 (o/ile8terminated call setup procedure
69 The C& sends a PA.I&. message to the %&S and the %&S 'roadcasts this
PA.I&. message over the paging channel. 0or details! refer to the paging
procedure descri'ed in Section 7.7.3.
19 The called )* detects this paging and sends a channel re(uest to the %&S. The
%&S returns an immediate assignment command to indicate the )* to use the
specified signaling channel.
;9 The )* sends a PA.I&. %*SPF&S* message on the signaling channel. )pon
receipt of the PA.I&. %*SPF&S* message from the )*! the C& initiates the
authentication and ciphering procedures :these t$o security procedures are
optional and can 'e configured through the MAP function procedure9.
39 The C& sends a S*T)P message to the %&S. The S*T)P message carries the
'earer capa'ility of the call and the calling num'er.
<9 )pon receipt of the S*T)P message from the %&S! the )* returns a CA,,
CF&0I%M*D message. If the negotiated 'earer capa'ility parameter changes!
the CA,, CF&0I%M*D message shall carry the 'earer capa'ility information.
79 )pon receipt of the CA,, CF&0I%M*D message from the %&S! the C& sends
an %AB ASSI.&M*&T %*G message to the %&S to re(uest for radio channel
assignment $hile the %&S sends an assignment message to the )* so as to
s$itch the )* to a specified communication channel. After the )* is s$itched to
the specified communication channel! it sends the %B ASSI.&M*&T
CFMP,*T* message to the %&S.
89 The %&S sends a %AB ASSI.&M*&T %*SPF&S* message to the C&.
Page38! Total78
49 The )* sends an A,*%TI&. message to indicate that the called su'scri'er
should ring no$.
E9 When the called party ans$ers! the called )* sends a CF&&*CT message via
the %&S to the C&.
629 The C& returns a CF&&*CT ACJ&FW,*D.* message to the )* to end the
call setup procedure.
6.4.+ .*B Procedure
6. %AB management
It is defined that the %AB :%adio Access Bearer9 shall 'e esta'lished 'et$een the )*
and the C&. Different %ABs are used for the different su'scri'er data! C& service
capa'ilities and GoS re(uirements in the service re(uest of the )*.
The %AB ID is related to the &AS 'inding information. 0or e+ample! the %AB ID in the
%A&AP layer of the CS domain is numerically the same as the SI in the CC su'layer.
The SI is allocated 'y the )* and the C& corresponds $ith the SIs to the %AB IDs
one 'y one during the allocation of %AB IDs. In the point of vie$ of a )*! the %AB ID
is glo'al in terms of %B :%adio Bearer9 and Iu 'earer and one %AB ID corresponds to
a uni(ue connection instance in the user plane :an Iu )P instance9.
The C& controls the esta'lishment! modification and release of %ABs. It initiates the
esta'lishment! modification and release procedures of %ABs! $hile the )T%A&
e+ecutes the esta'lishment! modification and release procedures of %ABs. It is one
function of the )T%A& to initiate the %AB release re(uest :this function is triggered
$hen the )T%A& cannot maintain the %AB $ith the )*9.
During %AB esta'lishment! the C& maps the %ABs to the )u interface 'earers $hile
the )T%A& maps the %ABs to the )u interface transport 'earers and the Iu interface
transport 'earers.
If the AA,1 'earer is to 'e used in the CS domain! the )T%A& $ill initiate the setup
and release of AA,1 connections.
The priority of %ABs are determined 'y the C& according to the su'scription and GoS
information. The C& specifies the priority! preempt capa'ility and (ueuing feature of
an %AB during the %AB esta'lishment and modification messages. The )T%A&
e+ecutes the %AB (ueuing and resource preemption.
1. %AB access control
)pon receipt of an %AB esta'lishment or modification re(uest :the %AB GoS is
mapped via the BC I* according to the %EE CS specification9! the CS verifies if the
su'scri'er is allo$ed to use the %AB in the re(uest parameter. If yes! the C& $ill
accept the re(uest# other$ise it $ill reAect the re(uest.
When the )T%A& receives an %AB esta'lishment or modification re(uest from the
C&! the admission control entity $ill Audge if the re(uest should 'e accepted or
reAected according to the current radio resource conditions.
Page34! Total78
;. %AB esta'lishment! release and modification procedures
Figure 1.1 RA) assignment procedure at the $u interface
The purpose of the %AB Assignment procedure is to modify and/or release the
esta'lished %AB! and/or esta'lish a ne$ %AB. The procedure is connection"oriented.
The C& first sends an %AB Assignment %e(uest message to the %&C and the C&
then starts the timer T%ABAssgt. In an %AB Assignment %e(uest message! the C&
may re(uest the )T%A& to esta'lish/modify/release one or several %ABs. The
message contains the follo$ing information-
The list of %ABs to 'e esta'lished or modified! along $ith the 'earer feature#
The list of %ABs to 'e released.
The %AB ID is uni(ue in each Iu connection. If the message received 'y the %&C
includes an e+isting %AB ID! the %&C $ill regard that the %AB is to 'e modified
:e+cept release9.
The %&C $ill receive %AB release messages at any time and $ill al$ays respond. If
the %&C receives a message to release an %AB $hile it is esta'lishing or modifying
this %AB! it $ill stop the %AB configuration procedure! release all resources related to
this %AB and return a response.
)pon receipt of the message! the )T%A& $ill e+ecute the re(uested %AB
configuration and then send an %AB Assignment %esponse message to the C& to
report the result of re(uest. Fne %AB Assignment %esponse message may contain
the information of one or more %ABs as follo$s-
The %ABs that have 'een successfully esta'lished! modified or released#
The %ABs that fail to 'e esta'lished! modified or released#
The %ABs in (ueuing.
If no %ABs are (ueued! the C& $ill strop the timer T%ABAssgt and then the %AB
Assignment procedure $ill end on the )T%A& side.
When the %ABs to 'e esta'lished or modified are (ueued! the )T%A& $ill start the
timer TG)*)I&. that specifies the ma+imum (ueuing time 'efore esta'lishment and
modification of the %ABs and $ill monitor all the (ueued %ABs. The (ueued %ABs
may have the follo$ing results-
Page3E! Total78
*sta'lishment or modification success#
*sta'lishment or modification failure#
0ailure due to e+piry of the TG)*)I&. timer.
In the first %AB Assignment %esponse message! the )T%A& reports the state of all
the %ABs involved in the %AB ASSI.&M*&T %*G)*ST message. The )T%A& then
reports the state of the (ueued %ABs in the follo$ing %AB Assignment %esponse
message! e+cept the %ABs $ith TG)*)I&. e+piry. When no$ing that the
modification or esta'lishment of all the (ueued %ABs has succeeded or failed! the
)T%A& stops the timer TG)*)I&. and the %AB Assignment procedure ends at the
C& and the )T%A& simultaneously.
When the C& receives a response indicating that the %ABs are (ueued! it hopes that
the )T%A& can provide the result of %ABs (ueuing 'efore e+piry of the timer
T%ABAssgt# other$ise! it $ill regard that the %AB Assignment procedure has ended
and the configuration of those %ABs not reported has failed.
)pon e+piry of the timer TG)*)I&.! all the (ueued %ABs in the )T%A& $ill end the
procedure of (ueuing and the )T%A& $ill use an %AB Assignment %esponse
message to report the states of all the (ueued %ABs. At the same time! the $hole
procedure is stopped on the C& side.
3. %AB esta'lishment procedure
The follo$ing figure depicts the procedure of %AB esta'lishment via )T%A& 'et$een
the C& and the )*.
Page<2! Total78
Figure 1.2 RA) esta/lishment 7DCH8DCH s0nchronous esta/lishment procedure9
The a'ove e+ample sho$s the procedure of esta'lishing an %AB :DC59 in the DC5
%%C state after the %%C connection has 'een esta'lished.
Time
In the CS domain! upon receipt of a service re(uest from the )* :Caller S*T)P!
called CA,, CF&0I%M and CF&&*CT messages! etc.9! the C& sends an %AB
Assignment %e(uest message to indicate that a ne$ AS 'earer channel is needed to
'ear the &AS su'scri'er data and thus initiates the procedure of 'earer channel
esta'lishment.
Procedure
69 The C& decides $hat ind of %ABs are to 'e used according to the su'scri'er
data! C& service capa'ility and GoS re(uirements in the service re(uest of the
)*. It sends an %A&AP message! i.e. the %adio Access Bearer Assignment
%e(uest :Setup9 message! to re(uest the %AB esta'lishment. In the message!
the %AB ID is filled $ith the SI value. The ey parameters of the CS domain
Page<6! Total78
include the %AB parameter! the user plane mode! the ATM address of the local
user plane and the I) BI&DI&. ID.
19 The Serving %&C uses the A,CAP protocol to initialiBe the Iu interface data
transport 'earer esta'lishment.
In the case of using the AA,1 'earer in the CS domain :this procedure is not needed
in the case of the PS domain9! the S).% parameter $ill 'e used in the AA,1
connection esta'lishment re(uest message to transparently transmit the BI&DI&. ID
to the C&! so as to complete the 'inding 'et$een the %ABs and the data transport
'earers. This re(uest message also contains the follo$ing ey parameters-
Peer ATM address! path ID! Channel ID :CID9! path feature and channel feature.
;9 After the Serving %&C reconfigures the radio lins $ith such e(uipment as &ode
B and completes the uplin"do$nlin synchroniBation! it uses an %%C message
:i.e. %adio Access Bearer Setup9 to carry the su'flo$ and su'flo$ com'ination
parameters among the %AB parameters as $ell as the %AB ID 'efore sending
the message to the )*.
39 )pon receipt of the success acno$ledgement %%C message :i.e. %adio Bearer
Setup Complete9 from the )* and the esta'lishment success information of the
A,CAP procedure! the Serving %&C acno$ledges the %AB esta'lishment
success to the C&. It sends an %A&AP message :%adio Bearer Assignment
%esponse9 to the C&.
<9 If the user plane is in the support mode! the )T%A& initialiBes the Iu interface
user plane via the InitialiBation message after the result is reported.
5 -ote6
#he procedures of interaction ;ith the Drift RC and the Drift ode ) are not indicated in the a/o:e
figure"
0or the %AC5/0AC5 L DC5! %AC5/0AC5 " %AC5/0AC5 and PS domain non"
synchronous modes! the procedures are similar.
Page<1! Total78
<. %AB release procedure
Figure 5.1 RA) release 7DCH8DCH s0nchronous release procedure9
Trigger time
This procedure is initiated in the CS domain $hen all the transactions over the %AB in
the CC layer end or the %&C re(uests to release the %AB.
Procedure
69 The C& sends an %A&AP message! i.e. %adio Access Bearer Assignment
%e(uest :%elease9! to initiate the %AB release procedure together $ith the %AB
ID specified.
19 The Serving %&C acno$ledges the re(uest message $ith another %A&AP
message! i.e. %adio Access Bearer Assignment %esponse.
;9 The Serving %&C uses the A,CAP protocol. In the case of the AA,1 'earer! it
uses the AA,1 release message to initiate the release procedure of the Iu data
transport 'earer 'et$een itself and the C& :this procedure is not needed in the
PS domain9.
39 The Serving %&C sends an %%C message :%adio Bearer %elease9 to the )* to
initiate the 'earer release procedure after releasing the lin $ith such e(uipment
as &ode B.
<9 The Serving %&C receives the acno$ledgement %%C message :%adio Bearer
%elease Complete9 from the )* and the $hole release procedure thus ends.
Page<;! Total78
7. %AB modification procedure
Figure 5.1 RA) modification 7DCH8DCH s0nchronous modification procedure9
Trigger condition
When the )* is handed over or the )* rate changes! the C& reconfigures the traffic
channel to support the service attri'ute change.
Procedure
69 The C& sends an %A&AP message! i.e. the %adio Access Bearer Assignment
%e(uest :Modify9! to re(uest the %AB modification. The re(uest message
contains the %AB ID that indicates $hich %AB is to 'e modified and such ey
parameters of the CS domain as %AB parameters.
19 The Serving %&C selects $hich parameters are to 'e modified and $hich
programs are to 'e initiated.
;9 The S%&C uses the A,CAP protocol to modify the channel characteristics of the
Iu interface data transport 'earers.
39 )pon successful modification procedure of the Iu interface transport control
plane! the Serving %&C modifies the radio lins together $ith such e(uipment as
&ode B. It then sends the su'flo$ and su'flo$ com'ination parameters among
the %AB parameters as $ell as %AB ID in the %%C message :%adio Bearer
%econfiguration9 to the )*.
Page<3! Total78
<! 79 )pon receipt of the success acno$ledgement %%C message :i.e. %adio
Bearer Setup Complete9 from the )*! the Serving %&C acno$ledges the %AB
modification success to the C&. It sends an %A&AP message :%adio Bearer
Assignment %esponse9 to the C&.
89 If the user plane is in the support mode! the )T%A& initialiBes the Iu interface
user plane via the InitialiBation message after the result is reported.
6.4./ Paging Procedure
The paging procedure is a procedure of paging initiated from the C& to the called
party. When the C& needs to set up a connection $ith the called su'scri'er! it first
needs to find the called su'scri'er via the paging procedure. The purpose of the
paging procedure is Aust to ena'le the C& to page the called su'scri'er. The paging
procedure is set up via connectionless signaling.
The C& sends the PA.I&. message to the called su'scri'er to initiate the paging
procedure. The PA.I&. message should contain sufficient information so that the
%&C can find the called su'scri'er. If the called su'scri'er is unreacha'le in one
paging! the C& $ill repeat the paging procedure via the Iu interface. .enerally! the
num'er of paging retries and the paging interval can 'e controlled 'y the C&.
C& %&C
PA.I&.
Figure 1.1 Successful paging procedure
6. Paging procedure
After the call re(uest information from the caller is processed 'y the C&! the paging
procedure starts if the called su'scri'er information has 'een successfully o'tained.
The C& needs to no$ the location area information of the called su'scri'er and get
the sufficient paging information parameters 'efore it can initiate the paging
procedure to the called su'scri'er.
If the C& does not get the location area information of the called su'scri'er! it needs
to send the PA.I&. message through the 'roadcast procedure to all the %&Cs
under its control.
The C& sends the PA.I&. message via the %A&AP interface! $hich processes the
PA.I&. message from the C&. The PA.I&. message includes such parameters as
$hether the paging re(uest comes from the CS domain or the PS domain! $hat
reason caused the paging and the specific location area information of the called
su'scri'er. The %A&AP sends the PA.I&. message to the %&C $here the location
area of the called su'scri'er resides.
When the PA.I&. message reaches the %&C! the %&C analyBes the parameters of
the PA.I&. message to get the location area information of the called su'scri'er
and then transmits via PCC5 the PA.I&. information to the )* in that location area.
If the called )* detects the PA.I&. message from the %&C! it starts to e+ecute the
&AS signaling procedure.
Page<<! Total78
If the paging is successful! the C& $ill get the paging response message# other$ise
the C& needs to repeat sending the PA.I&. message via the Iu interface.
1. Paging procedure of the )* in the %%C idle state
When the %%C is idle! the )* may receive paging from the CS or PS domain.
Because the )* is no$ in the idle state! the C& can learn the ,ocation Area
Identification :,AI9 information of the )*. The paging $ill 'e sent via this location area
and the ,A in this e+ample crosses t$o %&Cs.
Figure 1.2 Paging procedure of the UE in the RRC idle state
69 The C& initiates the paging information and sends it after passing t$o %&Cs to
the called )*. At this time it can 'e see from the Iu interface that t$o PA.I&.
messages are continuously send 'y the C&! they carry the same ,AI! e+cept that
the DPCs are the t$o %&Cs.
19 Cell 6 initiates the paging procedure via the Paging Type 6 message.
;9 Cell 1 initiates the paging procedure via the Paging Type 6 message.
The PA.I&. message reaches %&C6 and %&C1 via %A&AP! and the t$o %&Cs
transmit the PA.I&. message to the )* in the specified location area over the
PCC5. If the called )* detects the PA.I&. message from %&C6 or %&C1! it then
starts e+ecuting the &AS signaling procedure.
;. Paging procedure of the )* in the %%C connected state
When the %%C is in the connected state! the paging procedure of the )* may fall into
t$o cases- The CS domain or the PS domain of the C&. Due to the independency of
mo'ility management! there are t$o possi'le solutions-
69 The )T%A& coordinates the paging re(uest over the e+isting %%C connection#
19 The )* coordinates the paging re(uest over the e+isting %%C connection.
The follo$ing e+ample sho$s the paging procedure of the )* in the %%C connected
state :C*,,=DC5 and C*,,=0AC59! $here the )T%A& coordinates the paging
re(uest over the DCC5 in the %%C connected state.
Page<7! Total78
Figure 2.1 Paging procedure of the UE in the RRC connected state 7CELL_DCH and CELL_FACH9
69 The C& sends the PA.I&. message via %A&AP to )* to page the )*.
19 The Serving %&C sends the Paging Type 1 to the %%C :)*9.
5 -ote6
Paging #0pe ! is sent o:er the PCCH ;hen the UE is idle ;hile Paging #0pe , is sent o:er the DCCH
;hen the UE is in the RRC connected state" #he t0pical case is that the UE uses the Paging #0pe , to
send the PA3$3 message of the CS domain in the PS ser:ice procedure" Ho;e:er- the Paging #0pe is
controlled /0 the RC and the C does not need to <no; it"
6.4.3 Call .elease Procedure
When the mo'ile su'scri'er ends the conversation! the calling party or the called
onhoo message shall 'e notified to the net$or side to initiate the call release
procedure. The net$or releases the call 'y terminating the CS connection 'et$een
the P,M&s or 'et$een the P,M& and other net$ors.
Figure 1.1 Successful mo/ile8originated call release
Page<8! Total78
69 After the MS hoos on! it sends a DISCF&&*CT message to the net$or to
initiate the call clearing procedure. The release cause in the message is &ormal
Call Clearing.
19 )pon receipt of the DISCF&&*CT message! the net$or sends a %*,*AS*
message to the MS.
;9 The MS sends a %*,*AS* CFMP,*T* message to the net$or. If the
communication channel is no longer needed! the channel release procedure $ill
'e e+ecuted.
39 If the call is the only one over the entire Iu connection! the Iu connection shall 'e
released. The C& sends an I) %*,*AS* CFMMA&D message to the %&S to
re(uest for releasing the Iu connection.
6.7 PS (o$ain Session ,anage$ent Procedures
6.7.1 Basic Concepts of Session ,anage$ent
6. SM function overvie$
The purpose of SM is to set up! modify and release the PS domain 'earer. As a maAor
component of the Connection Management layer in the ;.PP protocol! the SM is
located 'et$een the Mo'ility Management plane and the user plane! and uses the
connectionless data transfer service provided 'y the .MM su'layer to provide
connection management service to the upper layer! i.e.! the user plane. It is used to
set up! modify and release the tunnel 'et$een the S.S& and the ..S& on one
hand! and to control the setup! modification and release of the %adio Access Bearer
'et$een the S.S& and the %&C/MS on the other hand.
1. Terminologies
69 PDP CF&T*>T/PDP ADD%*SS
The PDP conte+t saves all tunnel for$arding information of the user plane! including
user plane IP address of %&C/..S&! tunnel identifier and GoS.
*ach piece of .P%S su'scription data comprises one or more PDP addresses! each
PDP address comprises one or more PDP Conte+t descriptions of MS! S.S& and
..S&! and each PDP Conte+t can e+ist in one of t$o states- Inactive and active. The
state transition chart is sho$n in the follo$ing figure. The PDP state indicates $hether
the data $ith the PDP address can 'e transferred. Inactive sessions do not contain
routing information and cannot complete data transfer. All the PDP Conte+ts of the
su'scri'er are associated $ith his/her MM Conte+t.
Page<4! Total78
Figure 1.1 PDP state machine model
19 &SAPI
The &SAPI is used in the MS to identify a PDP service access point! and in the
S.S&/..S& to identify a session. Its value is the %AB ID used 'y the access layer
to identify the su'scri'er %AB.
;9 AP& resolution
The AP& :Access Point &ame9 is of the standard domain name format. It comprises
t$o parts- &et$or Identity :&I9 and Fperator Identity :FI9. It is used in the ..S& to
identify the ISP of a specific e+ternal net$or and a service! and in the S.S& to get
the ..S& address corresponding to it via the D&S resolution.
39 GoS negotiation
While setting up a pacet transport route! the SM must specify the GoS to 'e satisfied
'y the route. During the SM process! the MS! %&C! S.S& and ..S& conduct GoS
negotiation to eep the consistency of the GoSs they provide. The GoS negotiation
algorithm is to get the minimum from the ma+imum GoS that can 'e provided 'y the
su'scri'ed GoS and S.S& and the GoS satisfied 'y other nodes.
;. Position of SM in the protocol stac
Figure 4.1 U(#S (S8S3S control plane protocol
Page<E! Total78
3. SM"related functional entities
69 %AB management
%ABM :%AB Management9 is used to esta'lish! modify! release and reesta'lish the
%AB.
The %AB consists of t$o parts- The .TP tunnel 'et$een the %&C and the S.S&!
and the %adio Bearer 'et$een the %&C and the MS. %AB ID uni(uely identifies an
%AB of the su'scri'er.
The %AB esta'lishment! modification! release and reesta'lishment are completed via
the %AB ASSI.&M*&T procedure.
Figure 1.1 RA) management procedure
Description-
The S.S& sends the %AB Assignment %e(uest :S.S& ADD%! T*IDs! and GoS9
to the %&C! re(uesting it to esta'lish! modify or release the %AB:s9. It can
specify the %AB radio priority and $hether preemption and (ueuing are allo$ed
in the assignment parameters.
%&C esta'lishes! modifies or releases the radio 'earer.
The %&C sends the %AB Assignment %esponse message to the S.S&. If the
assignment fails due to the GoS! then the GoS re(uirement should 'e lo$ered
and the assignment re(uest should 'e resent.
If the GoS changes during %AB reesta'lishment! the S.S&"initiated PDP Conte+t
Modification procedure $ill 'e e+ecuted to notify the GoS to 'oth the MS and the
..S&.
19 Tunnel management
The maAor tas of tunnel management is to esta'lish a .TP tunnel 'et$een the
S.S& and the ..S&. Tunnel management includes tunnel esta'lishment!
modification and deletion as $ell as the net$or"initiated PDP Conte+t activation
procedure.
The SM implements session management through the PDP Conte+t activation!
modification and deactivation procedures. The PDP Conte+t activation procedure is to
esta'lish the pacet transport routes of the user plane# the PDP Conte+t modification
procedure is to modify the GoS and T0T of the active PDP Conte+t! as $ell as modify
the tunneling route 'et$een the S.S& and the ..S& in the case of %A) changes#
the PDP Conte+t deactivation procedure is to release the active PDP Conte+t.
After the %&C initiates the %AB or Iu release procedure! the S.S& may eep these
active PDP Conte+ts 'ut not deactivate them. When the su'scri'er initiates the
Page72! Total78
S*%IIC* %*G)*ST procedure for %AB reesta'lishment! the data transport
procedure can 'e recovered immediately.
6.7.2 P(P Conte<t *ctivation
The PDP Conte+t activation includes the MS"initiated and the net$or"initiated PDP
Conte+t activation procedures as $ell as the secondary activation procedure. This
section only descri'es the MS"initiated PDP Conte+t activation procedure.
6. MS"initiated PDP Conte+t activation
Figure 1.1 (S8initiated PDP Conte=t acti:ation
69 The MS sends the Activate PDP Conte+t %e(uest :$ith &SAPI! TI! PDP Type!
PDP Address! Access Point &ame and GoS %e(uested9 to the S.S&. The PDP
Address indicates the dynamic or static address. If it indicates dynamic address!
it is set to null.
19 The %AB assignment procedure is e+ecuted.
;9 The S.S& uses the PDP Type :optional9! PDP Address :optional9! Access Point
&ame :optional9 and PDP Conte+t su'scri'er data to verify the validity of the
Activate PDP Conte+t %e(uest message.
The S.S& assigns a T*ID to the PDP Conte+t. If the dynamic address is to 'e
used! the S.S& re(uests the ..S& to allocate a dynamic address. The S.S&
selects an AP& according to a certain algorithm and then sends the re(uest to
esta'lish a PDP Conte+t to the ..S&.
The ..S& allocates a dynamic address for the PDP Conte+t! as $ell as the
charging ID and negotiated GoS. If the MS re(uests that an IP address 'e
allocated for the e+ternal net$or part! the address $ill 'e set to 2.2.2.2. ,ater
after the e+ternal net$or is allocated $ith an IP address! the ..S&"initiated
PDP Conte+t modification procedure $ill then 'e e+ecuted.
39 )pon receipt of the Create PDP Conte+t %esponse message :$ith &SAPI! PDP
ADD%! ..S& ADD%! T*ID and GoS9 from the ..S&! the S.S& sends the
address and FoS information via the Activate PDP Conte+t Accept message to
the MS.
Page76! Total78
1. The improvement of MS"initiated PDP Conte+t activation procedure in the later
version.
In the early %EE version! if the ..S& has do$ngraded the GoS in the activation
procedure! it $on@t notify this to the %&C. So the resource occupied on the t$o sides
of the S.S& $ill 'e inconsistent and the resources at the air interface may 'e even
much more than the resources allocated in the core net$or! thus causing the $aste
of air interface resources. In the later version :later %EE/%3/%</%79! the activation
procedure $as optimiBed. The S.S& first interacts $ith the ..S& to esta'lish a .TP
tunnel and then an %AB. After then! an optional PDP Conte+t Modification procedure
may 'e e+ecuted to synchroniBe the resources on the t$o sides of the S.S&! if the
GoS is do$ngraded during the %AB esta'lishment procedure.
)&/&&SN
;. Activate PP Conte5t Accept
7. Create PP Conte5t Response
7. Create PP Conte5t Re0*est
1. Activate PP Conte5t Re0*est
)&/S&SN %TRAN MS
3. Radio Access 4earer Set*p
C1
C#
8. Invo9e Trace
<. %pdate PP Conte5t Response
<. %pdate PP Conte5t Re0*est
Figure 4.1 (S8initiated PDP Conte=t acti:ation 7later :ersion9
6.7.+ P(P Conte<t ,odification
The PDP Conte+t modification procedures include the MS"initiated! S.S&"initiated
and the ..S&"initiated PDP Conte+t modification procedures! as $ell as the S.S&"
initiated PDP Conte+t modification procedure due to %AB/Iu release. This section only
descri'es the MS"initiated and S.S&"initiated ones. The modification parameters
include GoS &egotiated! %adio Priority! Pacet 0lo$ Id! PDP Address :in case of the
..S&"initiated modification procedure9 and T0T :in the case of MS"initiated
modification procedure9.
Page71! Total78
6. S.S&"initiated PDP Conte+t modification
Figure 1.1 S3S8initiated PDP Conte=t modification procedure
69 The S.S& sends the )pdate PDP Conte+t %e(uest :$ith T*ID! &SAPI! GoS
&egotiated! Trace %eference! Trace Type! Trigger Id and FMC Identity9 to the
..S& for GoS negotiation.
19 The ..S& conducts the GoS negotiation and sends the )pdate PDP Conte+t
%esponse :$ith T*ID! GoS &egotiated and Cause9 to the S.S&.
;9 The S.S& selects the %adio Priority and Pacet 0lo$ Id according to the GoS. It
then sends to MS the Modify PDP Conte+t %e(uest :$ith TI! GoS &egotiated!
%adio Priority and Pacet 0lo$ Id9.
39 The MS accepts the GoS 'y sending to the S.S& the Modify PDP Conte+t
Accept message or reAects the GoS 'y initiating the PDP Conte+t deactivation
procedure.
<9 The %AB assignment procedure is e+ecuted to modify the %AB.
79 If BSS tracing is to 'e started! the Invoe Trace message :$ith Trace %eference!
Trace Type! Trigger Id and FMC Identity9 $ill 'e sent.
1. MS"initiated PDP Conte+t modification
Figure 6.1 (S8initiated PDP Conte=t modification procedure
The purpose of the MS"initiated PDP Conte+t modification procedure is to change the
GoS or T0T of the PDP Conte+t.
Page7;! Total78
69 The MS sends the Modify PDP Conte+t %e(uest message :$ith TI! GoS
%e(uested and T0T9 to the S.S&! so as to re(uest for changing the PDP
Conte+t.
19 The S.S& sends the )pdate PDP Conte+t %e(uest :$ith T*ID! &SAPI! GoS
&egotiated! Trace %eference! Trace Type! Trigger Id and FMC Identity9 to the
..S& for GoS negotiation.
;9 The ..S& conducts the GoS negotiation and sends the )pdate PDP Conte+t
%esponse :T*ID! GoS &egotiated and Cause9 to the S.S&.
39 The %AB assignment procedure is e+ecuted to modify the %AB.
<9 The S.S& sends the Modify PDP Conte+t Accept message to the MS.
6.7./ P(P Conte<t (eactivation
The PDP Conte+t deactivation procedures include the MS"initiated! S.S&"initiated
and ..S&"initiated PDP Conte+t modification procedures. This section only
descri'es the MS"initiated and the S.S&"initiated ones.
6. MS"initiated PDP Conte+t deactivation
Figure 1.1 (S8initiated PDP Conte=t deacti:ation procedure
69 The MS sends the Deactivate PDP Conte+t %e(uest message :$ith TI and
Teardo$n Ind9 to the S.S&! $here Teardo$n Ind indicates $hether to deactivate
the PDP Conte+t and specifies the active PDP Conte+t for the TI shared address.
19 The S.S& receives the deactivation re(uest from the MS and sends the Delete
PDP Conte+t %e(uest message :T*ID! &SAPI and Teardo$n Ind9 to the ..S&
to delete the ..S& PDP Conte+t.
;9 The ..S& sends the Delete PDP Conte+t %esponse message :$ith T*ID9 to
the S.S&.
39 )pon receipt of the Delete PDP Conte+t %esponse message! the S.S& sends
the Deactivate PDP Conte+t Accept message to the MS.
<9 The S.S& invoes the %AB assignment procedure to release the %AB.
1. S.S&"initiated PDP Conte+t deactivation
The S.S&"initiated deactivation procedure is often triggered 'y the MM release or
various e+ceptions such as PDP Conte+t inconsistency 'et$een the MS! the S.S&
and the ..S&! or %AB reesta'lishment failure or resource shortage.
Page73! Total78
Figure 5.1 S3S8initiated PDP Conte=t deacti:ation
69 The S.S& sends the Delete PDP Conte+t %e(uest message :$ith T*ID! &SAPI
and Teardo$n Ind9 to the ..S&! $here Teardo$n Ind indicates $hether to
deactivate the PDP Conte+t and specifies the active PDP Conte+t for the TI
shared address.
19 The ..S& sends the Delete PDP Conte+t %esponse message :$ith T*ID9 to
the S.S&.
;9 )pon receipt of the Delete PDP Conte+t %esponse message from the ..S&!
the S.S& sends the Deactivate PDP Conte+t %e(uest message to the MS to
delete the MS PDP Conte+t. If the PDP Conte+t deactivation procedure is
triggered 'y D*TAC5! this Deactivate PDP Conte+t %e(uest message $ill not 'e
sent.
39 The S.S& receives the Deactivate PDP Conte+t Accept message from the MS.
<9 The S.S& initiates the %AB assignment procedure to release the %AB.
6.7.3 .eservation Procedure and .*B .eesta2lish$ent
When the %&C initiates the %AB release and Iu release procedures! the PDP Conte+t
may not 'e released! rather! the PDP Conte+t $ill 'e reserved $ithout any change for
%AB reesta'lishment in the later Service %e(uest procedure.
6. MS"initiated service re(uest for %AB reesta'lishment
When the MS has the uplin data transport needs $hile the PDP Conte+t is active 'ut
the %AB does not e+ist! the MS $ill initiate the Service %e(uest procedure to
reesta'lish the %AB for the active PDP Conte+t. The procedure is sho$n in the
follo$ing figure.
Page7<! Total78
Figure 1.1 (S8initiated ser:ice re?uest for RA) reesta/lishment
69 The %%C connection must 'e esta'lished first if there is no e+isting %%C
connection.
Service Type9 to the S.S&. In the message! the Service Type parameter
indicates data.
;9 The security procedure is e+ecuted.
39 The S.S& sends the Service Accept message to the MS! so as to reesta'lish
the %AB for each active PDP Conte+t of the su'scri'er $ith %AB released.
<9 If the GoS changes during %AB reesta'lishment! the S.S&"initiated PDP
Conte+t Modification procedure $ill 'e e+ecuted to notify the GoS to 'oth the MS
and the ..S&.
79 The MS transmits the uplin data.
1. S.S&"initiated service re(uest for %AB reesta'lishment
When the S.S& receives the do$nlin signaling or data pacet and finds that the
su'scri'er is in the PMM"ID,* state! it needs to initiate the paging procedure. )pon
receipt of the paging message! the MS sends the Service %e(uest message $ith the
Service Type indicating CPaging %esponseD. If the Service %e(uest procedure is
caused 'ecause the S.S& receives a data pacet! the %AB Assignment procedure
$ill 'e invoed to reesta'lish the %AB.
Page77! Total78
Figure 6.1 S3S8initiated ser:ice re?uest for RA) reesta/lishment
Page78! Total78

Chapter 6 Basic Signaling Procedures

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originalbeschreibung:

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Chapter 6 Basic Signaling Procedures

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

Basic Principles of WCDMA System Basic Signaling Procedures

Chapter 6 Basic Signaling Procedures

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen